[TIMOB-26022] TiAPI: Improve Ti.Buffer parity

[sgtcoolguy]

JIRA: https://jira.appcelerator.org/browse/TIMOB-26022

Description:

• Cherry-picks the fix from [TIMOB-25906] : iOS Native exceptions not thrown when using run-on-main-thread #9966 necessary to have the errors thrown.
• Updates the Ti.Buffer tests to be more comprehensive
• Updates the iOS implementation to be more careful about verifying offsets/lengths of buffers
  • don't just check that the start offset is past the end of buffer or length is too long, but that the combination is OK
  • Don't allow some methods to be ok with extending past the end of a Buffer and only doing partial operations, whereas others would be rigid in bounds checking. Be consistent in bounds checking.
• When cloning a Buffer retain the byteOrder/type properties. If cloning a Buffer wholesale, retain the value property too.

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[hansemannn]

The change looks valid to me. For functional testing, I trust on the unit tests, since I did not work with buffers in deep so far. Let me know if you need an additional review in that case!