executor.go

package executor

import (
	"archive/tar"
	"archive/zip"
	"bufio"
	"compress/gzip"
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"
	"os"
	"os/signal"
	"path"
	"path/filepath"
	"runtime/debug"
	"strings"
	"syscall"
	"time"

	argofile "github.com/argoproj/pkg/file"
	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
	apiv1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"

	"github.com/argoproj/argo-workflows/v3/errors"
	wfv1 "github.com/argoproj/argo-workflows/v3/pkg/apis/workflow/v1alpha1"
	"github.com/argoproj/argo-workflows/v3/util"
	"github.com/argoproj/argo-workflows/v3/util/archive"
	envutil "github.com/argoproj/argo-workflows/v3/util/env"
	errorsutil "github.com/argoproj/argo-workflows/v3/util/errors"
	"github.com/argoproj/argo-workflows/v3/util/retry"
	waitutil "github.com/argoproj/argo-workflows/v3/util/wait"
	artifact "github.com/argoproj/argo-workflows/v3/workflow/artifacts"
	artifactcommon "github.com/argoproj/argo-workflows/v3/workflow/artifacts/common"
	"github.com/argoproj/argo-workflows/v3/workflow/common"
)

// ExecutorRetry is a retry backoff settings for WorkflowExecutor
// Run	Seconds
// 0	0.000
// 1	1.000
// 2	2.600
// 3	5.160
// 4	9.256
var ExecutorRetry = wait.Backoff{
	Steps:    envutil.LookupEnvIntOr("EXECUTOR_RETRY_BACKOFF_STEPS", 5),
	Duration: envutil.LookupEnvDurationOr("EXECUTOR_RETRY_BACKOFF_DURATION", 1*time.Second),
	Factor:   envutil.LookupEnvFloatOr("EXECUTOR_RETRY_BACKOFF_FACTOR", 1.6),
	Jitter:   envutil.LookupEnvFloatOr("EXECUTOR_RETRY_BACKOFF_JITTER", 0.5),
}

const (
	// This directory temporarily stores the tarballs of the artifacts before uploading
	tempOutArtDir = "/tmp/argo/outputs/artifacts"
)

// WorkflowExecutor is program which runs as the init/wait container
type WorkflowExecutor struct {
	PodName             string
	Template            wfv1.Template
	IncludeScriptOutput bool
	Deadline            time.Time
	ClientSet           kubernetes.Interface
	RESTClient          rest.Interface
	Namespace           string
	RuntimeExecutor     ContainerRuntimeExecutor

	// memoized configmaps
	memoizedConfigMaps map[string]string
	// memoized secrets
	memoizedSecrets map[string][]byte
	// list of errors that occurred during execution.
	// the first of these is used as the overall message of the node
	errors []error
}

type Initializer interface {
	Init(tmpl wfv1.Template) error
}

//go:generate mockery -name ContainerRuntimeExecutor

// ContainerRuntimeExecutor is the interface for interacting with a container runtime (e.g. docker)
type ContainerRuntimeExecutor interface {
	// GetFileContents returns the file contents of a file in a container as a string
	GetFileContents(containerName string, sourcePath string) (string, error)

	// CopyFile copies a source file in a container to a local path
	CopyFile(containerName, sourcePath, destPath string, compressionLevel int) error

	// GetOutputStream returns the entirety of the container output as a io.Reader
	// Used to capture script results as an output parameter, and to archive container logs
	GetOutputStream(ctx context.Context, containerName string, combinedOutput bool) (io.ReadCloser, error)

	// Wait waits for the container to complete.
	Wait(ctx context.Context, containerNames []string) error

	// Kill a list of containers first with a SIGTERM then with a SIGKILL after a grace period
	Kill(ctx context.Context, containerNames []string, terminationGracePeriodDuration time.Duration) error

	// List all the containers the executor is aware of, including any injected sidecars.
	ListContainerNames(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error)
}

// NewExecutor instantiates a new workflow executor
func NewExecutor(clientset kubernetes.Interface, restClient rest.Interface, podName, namespace string, cre ContainerRuntimeExecutor, template wfv1.Template, includeScriptOutput bool, deadline time.Time) WorkflowExecutor {
	return WorkflowExecutor{
		PodName:             podName,
		ClientSet:           clientset,
		RESTClient:          restClient,
		Namespace:           namespace,
		RuntimeExecutor:     cre,
		Template:            template,
		IncludeScriptOutput: includeScriptOutput,
		Deadline:            deadline,
		memoizedConfigMaps:  map[string]string{},
		memoizedSecrets:     map[string][]byte{},
		errors:              []error{},
	}
}

// HandleError is a helper to annotate the pod with the error message upon a unexpected executor panic or error
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) HandleError(ctx context.Context) {
	if r := recover(); r != nil {
		util.WriteTeriminateMessage(fmt.Sprintf("%v", r))
		log.Fatalf("executor panic: %+v\n%s", r, debug.Stack())
	} else {
		if len(we.errors) > 0 {
			util.WriteTeriminateMessage(we.errors[0].Error())
		}
	}
}

// LoadArtifacts loads artifacts from location to a container path
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) LoadArtifacts(ctx context.Context) error {
	log.Infof("Start loading input artifacts...")
	for _, art := range we.Template.Inputs.Artifacts {

		log.Infof("Downloading artifact: %s", art.Name)

		if !art.HasLocationOrKey() {
			if art.Optional {
				log.Warnf("Ignoring optional artifact '%s' which was not supplied", art.Name)
				continue
			} else {
				return errors.Errorf(errors.CodeNotFound, "required artifact '%s' not supplied", art.Name)
			}
		}
		driverArt, err := we.newDriverArt(&art)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed to load artifact '%s': %w", art.Name, err)
		}
		artDriver, err := we.InitDriver(ctx, driverArt)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		// Determine the file path of where to load the artifact
		if art.Path == "" {
			return errors.InternalErrorf("Artifact %s did not specify a path", art.Name)
		}
		var artPath string
		mnt := common.FindOverlappingVolume(&we.Template, art.Path)
		if mnt == nil {
			artPath = path.Join(common.ExecutorArtifactBaseDir, art.Name)
		} else {
			// If we get here, it means the input artifact path overlaps with an user specified
			// volumeMount in the container. Because we also implement input artifacts as volume
			// mounts, we need to load the artifact into the user specified volume mount,
			// as opposed to the `input-artifacts` volume that is an implementation detail
			// unbeknownst to the user.
			log.Infof("Specified artifact path %s overlaps with volume mount at %s. Extracting to volume mount", art.Path, mnt.MountPath)
			artPath = path.Join(common.ExecutorMainFilesystemDir, art.Path)
		}

		// The artifact is downloaded to a temporary location, after which we determine if
		// the file is a tarball or not. If it is, it is first extracted then renamed to
		// the desired location. If not, it is simply renamed to the location.
		tempArtPath := artPath + ".tmp"
		err = artDriver.Load(driverArt, tempArtPath)
		if err != nil {
			if art.Optional && errors.IsCode(errors.CodeNotFound, err) {
				log.Infof("Skipping optional input artifact that was not found: %s", art.Name)
				continue
			}
			return fmt.Errorf("artifact %s failed to load: %w", art.Name, err)
		}

		isTar := false
		isZip := false
		if art.GetArchive().None != nil {
			// explicitly not a tar
			isTar = false
			isZip = false
		} else if art.GetArchive().Tar != nil {
			// explicitly a tar
			isTar = true
		} else if art.GetArchive().Zip != nil {
			// explicitly a zip
			isZip = true
		} else {
			// auto-detect if tarball
			// (don't try to autodetect zip files for backwards compatibility)
			isTar, err = isTarball(tempArtPath)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}

		if isTar {
			err = untar(tempArtPath, artPath)
			_ = os.Remove(tempArtPath)
		} else if isZip {
			err = unzip(tempArtPath, artPath)
			_ = os.Remove(tempArtPath)
		} else {
			err = os.Rename(tempArtPath, artPath)
		}
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		log.Infof("Successfully download file: %s", artPath)
		if art.Mode != nil {
			err = chmod(artPath, *art.Mode, art.RecurseMode)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// StageFiles will create any files required by script/resource templates
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) StageFiles() error {
	var filePath string
	var body []byte
	switch we.Template.GetType() {
	case wfv1.TemplateTypeScript:
		log.Infof("Loading script source to %s", common.ExecutorScriptSourcePath)
		filePath = common.ExecutorScriptSourcePath
		body = []byte(we.Template.Script.Source)
	case wfv1.TemplateTypeResource:
		log.Infof("Loading manifest to %s", common.ExecutorResourceManifestPath)
		filePath = common.ExecutorResourceManifestPath
		body = []byte(we.Template.Resource.Manifest)
	default:
		return nil
	}
	err := ioutil.WriteFile(filePath, body, 0o644)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.InternalWrapError(err)
	}
	return nil
}

// SaveArtifacts uploads artifacts to the archive location
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) SaveArtifacts(ctx context.Context) error {
	if len(we.Template.Outputs.Artifacts) == 0 {
		log.Infof("No output artifacts")
		return nil
	}
	log.Infof("Saving output artifacts")
	err := os.MkdirAll(tempOutArtDir, os.ModePerm)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.InternalWrapError(err)
	}

	for i, art := range we.Template.Outputs.Artifacts {
		err := we.saveArtifact(ctx, common.MainContainerName, &art)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		we.Template.Outputs.Artifacts[i] = art
	}
	return nil
}

func (we *WorkflowExecutor) saveArtifact(ctx context.Context, containerName string, art *wfv1.Artifact) error {
	// Determine the file path of where to find the artifact
	if art.Path == "" {
		return errors.InternalErrorf("Artifact %s did not specify a path", art.Name)
	}
	fileName, localArtPath, err := we.stageArchiveFile(containerName, art)
	if err != nil {
		if art.Optional && errors.IsCode(errors.CodeNotFound, err) {
			log.Warnf("Ignoring optional artifact '%s' which does not exist in path '%s': %v", art.Name, art.Path, err)
			return nil
		}
		return err
	}
	return we.saveArtifactFromFile(ctx, art, fileName, localArtPath)
}

// fileBase is probably path.Base(filePath), but can be something else
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) saveArtifactFromFile(ctx context.Context, art *wfv1.Artifact, fileName, localArtPath string) error {
	if !art.HasKey() {
		key, err := we.Template.ArchiveLocation.GetKey()
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if err = art.SetType(we.Template.ArchiveLocation.Get()); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if err := art.SetKey(path.Join(key, fileName)); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	driverArt, err := we.newDriverArt(art)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	artDriver, err := we.InitDriver(ctx, driverArt)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	err = artDriver.Save(localArtPath, driverArt)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	we.maybeDeleteLocalArtPath(localArtPath)
	log.Infof("Successfully saved file: %s", localArtPath)
	return nil
}

func (we *WorkflowExecutor) maybeDeleteLocalArtPath(localArtPath string) {
	if os.Getenv("REMOVE_LOCAL_ART_PATH") == "true" {
		log.WithField("localArtPath", localArtPath).Info("deleting local artifact")
		// remove is best effort (the container will go away anyways).
		// we just want reduce peak space usage
		err := os.Remove(localArtPath)
		if err != nil {
			log.Warnf("Failed to remove %s: %v", localArtPath, err)
		}
	} else {
		log.WithField("localArtPath", localArtPath).Info("not deleting local artifact")
	}
}

// stageArchiveFile stages a path in a container for archiving from the wait sidecar.
// Returns a filename and a local path for the upload.
// The filename is incorporated into the final path when uploading it to the artifact repo.
// The local path is the final staging location of the file (or directory) which we will pass
// to the SaveArtifacts call and may be a directory or file.
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) stageArchiveFile(containerName string, art *wfv1.Artifact) (string, string, error) {
	log.Infof("Staging artifact: %s", art.Name)
	strategy := art.Archive
	if strategy == nil {
		// If no strategy is specified, default to the tar strategy
		strategy = &wfv1.ArchiveStrategy{
			Tar: &wfv1.TarStrategy{},
		}
	}
	compressionLevel := gzip.NoCompression
	if strategy.Tar != nil {
		if l := strategy.Tar.CompressionLevel; l != nil {
			compressionLevel = int(*l)
		} else {
			compressionLevel = gzip.DefaultCompression
		}
	}

	if !we.isBaseImagePath(art.Path) {
		// If we get here, we are uploading an artifact from a mirrored volume mount which the wait
		// sidecar has direct access to. We can upload directly from the shared volume mount,
		// instead of copying it from the container.
		mountedArtPath := filepath.Join(common.ExecutorMainFilesystemDir, art.Path)
		log.Infof("Staging %s from mirrored volume mount %s", art.Path, mountedArtPath)
		if strategy.None != nil {
			fileName := filepath.Base(art.Path)
			log.Infof("No compression strategy needed. Staging skipped")
			if !argofile.Exists(mountedArtPath) {
				return "", "", errors.Errorf(errors.CodeNotFound, "%s no such file or directory", art.Path)
			}
			return fileName, mountedArtPath, nil
		}
		fileName := fmt.Sprintf("%s.tgz", art.Name)
		localArtPath := filepath.Join(tempOutArtDir, fileName)
		f, err := os.Create(localArtPath)
		if err != nil {
			return "", "", errors.InternalWrapError(err)
		}
		w := bufio.NewWriter(f)
		err = archive.TarGzToWriter(mountedArtPath, compressionLevel, w)
		if err != nil {
			return "", "", err
		}
		log.Infof("Successfully staged %s from mirrored volume mount %s", art.Path, mountedArtPath)
		return fileName, localArtPath, nil
	}

	fileName := fmt.Sprintf("%s.tgz", art.Name)
	localArtPath := filepath.Join(tempOutArtDir, fileName)
	log.Infof("Copying %s from container base image layer to %s", art.Path, localArtPath)

	err := we.RuntimeExecutor.CopyFile(containerName, art.Path, localArtPath, compressionLevel)
	if err != nil {
		return "", "", err
	}
	if strategy.Tar != nil {
		// NOTE we already tar gzip the file in the executor. So this is a noop.
		return fileName, localArtPath, nil
	}
	// localArtPath now points to a .tgz file, and the archive strategy is *not* tar. We need to untar it
	log.Infof("Untaring %s archive before upload", localArtPath)
	unarchivedArtPath := path.Join(filepath.Dir(localArtPath), art.Name)
	err = untar(localArtPath, unarchivedArtPath)
	if err != nil {
		return "", "", err
	}
	// Delete the tarball
	err = os.Remove(localArtPath)
	if err != nil {
		return "", "", errors.InternalWrapError(err)
	}
	isDir, err := argofile.IsDirectory(unarchivedArtPath)
	if err != nil {
		return "", "", errors.InternalWrapError(err)
	}
	fileName = filepath.Base(art.Path)
	if isDir {
		localArtPath = unarchivedArtPath
	} else {
		// If we are uploading a single file, we need to preserve original filename so that
		// 1. minio client can infer its mime-type, based on file extension
		// 2. the original filename is incorporated into the final path
		localArtPath = path.Join(tempOutArtDir, fileName)
		err = os.Rename(unarchivedArtPath, localArtPath)
		if err != nil {
			return "", "", errors.InternalWrapError(err)
		}
	}
	// In the future, if we were to support other compression formats (e.g. bzip2) or options
	// the logic would go here, and compression would be moved out of the executors
	return fileName, localArtPath, nil
}

// isBaseImagePath checks if the given artifact path resides in the base image layer of the container
// versus a shared volume mount between the wait and main container
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) isBaseImagePath(path string) bool {
	// first check if path overlaps with a user-specified volumeMount
	if common.FindOverlappingVolume(&we.Template, path) != nil {
		return false
	}
	// next check if path overlaps with a shared input-artifact emptyDir mounted by argo
	for _, inArt := range we.Template.Inputs.Artifacts {
		if path == inArt.Path {
			// The input artifact may have been optional and not supplied. If this is the case, the file won't exist on
			// the input artifact volume. Since this function was called, we know that we want to use this path as an
			// output artifact, so we should look for it in the base image path.
			if inArt.Optional && !inArt.HasLocationOrKey() {
				return true
			}
			return false
		}
		if strings.HasPrefix(path, inArt.Path+"/") {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

// SaveParameters will save the content in the specified file path as output parameter value
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) SaveParameters(ctx context.Context) error {
	if len(we.Template.Outputs.Parameters) == 0 {
		log.Infof("No output parameters")
		return nil
	}
	log.Infof("Saving output parameters")
	for i, param := range we.Template.Outputs.Parameters {
		log.Infof("Saving path output parameter: %s", param.Name)
		// Determine the file path of where to find the parameter
		if param.ValueFrom == nil || param.ValueFrom.Path == "" {
			continue
		}

		var output *wfv1.AnyString
		if we.isBaseImagePath(param.ValueFrom.Path) {
			executorType := os.Getenv(common.EnvVarContainerRuntimeExecutor)
			if executorType == common.ContainerRuntimeExecutorK8sAPI || executorType == common.ContainerRuntimeExecutorKubelet {
				log.Infof("Copying output parameter %s from base image layer %s is not supported for k8sapi and kubelet executors. "+
					"Consider using an emptyDir volume: https://argoproj.github.io/argo-workflows/empty-dir/.", param.Name, param.ValueFrom.Path)
				continue
			}
			log.Infof("Copying %s from base image layer", param.ValueFrom.Path)
			fileContents, err := we.RuntimeExecutor.GetFileContents(common.MainContainerName, param.ValueFrom.Path)
			if err != nil {
				// We have a default value to use instead of returning an error
				if param.ValueFrom.Default != nil {
					output = param.ValueFrom.Default
				} else {
					return err
				}
			} else {
				output = wfv1.AnyStringPtr(fileContents)
			}
		} else {
			log.Infof("Copying %s from volume mount", param.ValueFrom.Path)
			mountedPath := filepath.Join(common.ExecutorMainFilesystemDir, param.ValueFrom.Path)
			data, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath.Clean(mountedPath))
			if err != nil {
				// We have a default value to use instead of returning an error
				if param.ValueFrom.Default != nil {
					output = param.ValueFrom.Default
				} else {
					return err
				}
			} else {
				output = wfv1.AnyStringPtr(string(data))
			}
		}

		// Trims off a single newline for user convenience
		output = wfv1.AnyStringPtr(strings.TrimSuffix(output.String(), "\n"))
		we.Template.Outputs.Parameters[i].Value = output
		log.Infof("Successfully saved output parameter: %s", param.Name)
	}
	return nil
}

// SaveLogs saves logs
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) SaveLogs(ctx context.Context) (*wfv1.Artifact, error) {
	if !we.Template.SaveLogsAsArtifact() {
		return nil, nil
	}
	log.Infof("Saving logs")
	tempLogsDir := "/tmp/argo/outputs/logs"
	err := os.MkdirAll(tempLogsDir, os.ModePerm)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.InternalWrapError(err)
	}
	fileName := "main.log"
	mainLog := path.Join(tempLogsDir, fileName)
	err = we.saveLogToFile(ctx, common.MainContainerName, mainLog)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	art := &wfv1.Artifact{Name: "main-logs"}
	err = we.saveArtifactFromFile(ctx, art, fileName, mainLog)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return art, nil
}

// GetSecret will retrieve the Secrets from VolumeMount
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) GetSecret(ctx context.Context, accessKeyName string, accessKey string) (string, error) {
	file, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath.Clean(filepath.Join(common.SecretVolMountPath, accessKeyName, accessKey)))
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	return string(file), nil
}

// saveLogToFile saves the entire log output of a container to a local file
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) saveLogToFile(ctx context.Context, containerName, path string) error {
	outFile, err := os.Create(path)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.InternalWrapError(err)
	}
	defer func() { _ = outFile.Close() }()
	reader, err := we.RuntimeExecutor.GetOutputStream(ctx, containerName, true)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer func() { _ = reader.Close() }()
	_, err = io.Copy(outFile, reader)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.InternalWrapError(err)
	}
	return nil
}

func (we *WorkflowExecutor) newDriverArt(art *wfv1.Artifact) (*wfv1.Artifact, error) {
	driverArt := art.DeepCopy()
	err := driverArt.Relocate(we.Template.ArchiveLocation)
	return driverArt, err
}

// InitDriver initializes an instance of an artifact driver
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) InitDriver(ctx context.Context, art *wfv1.Artifact) (artifactcommon.ArtifactDriver, error) {
	driver, err := artifact.NewDriver(ctx, art, we)
	if err == artifact.ErrUnsupportedDriver {
		return nil, errors.Errorf(errors.CodeBadRequest, "Unsupported artifact driver for %s", art.Name)
	}
	return driver, err
}

// getPod is a wrapper around the pod interface to get the current pod from kube API server
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) getPod(ctx context.Context) (*apiv1.Pod, error) {
	podsIf := we.ClientSet.CoreV1().Pods(we.Namespace)
	var pod *apiv1.Pod
	err := waitutil.Backoff(ExecutorRetry, func() (bool, error) {
		var err error
		pod, err = podsIf.Get(ctx, we.PodName, metav1.GetOptions{})
		return !errorsutil.IsTransientErr(err), err
	})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.InternalWrapError(err)
	}
	return pod, nil
}

// GetConfigMapKey retrieves a configmap value and memoizes the result
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) GetConfigMapKey(ctx context.Context, name, key string) (string, error) {
	namespace := we.Namespace
	cachedKey := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s", namespace, name, key)
	if val, ok := we.memoizedConfigMaps[cachedKey]; ok {
		return val, nil
	}
	configmapsIf := we.ClientSet.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(namespace)
	var configmap *apiv1.ConfigMap
	err := waitutil.Backoff(retry.DefaultRetry, func() (bool, error) {
		var err error
		configmap, err = configmapsIf.Get(ctx, name, metav1.GetOptions{})
		return !errorsutil.IsTransientErr(err), err
	})
	if err != nil {
		return "", errors.InternalWrapError(err)
	}
	// memoize all keys in the configmap since it's highly likely we will need to get a
	// subsequent key in the configmap (e.g. username + password) and we can save an API call
	for k, v := range configmap.Data {
		we.memoizedConfigMaps[fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s", namespace, name, k)] = v
	}
	val, ok := we.memoizedConfigMaps[cachedKey]
	if !ok {
		return "", errors.Errorf(errors.CodeBadRequest, "configmap '%s' does not have the key '%s'", name, key)
	}
	return val, nil
}

// GetSecrets retrieves a secret value and memoizes the result
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) GetSecrets(ctx context.Context, namespace, name, key string) ([]byte, error) {
	cachedKey := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s", namespace, name, key)
	if val, ok := we.memoizedSecrets[cachedKey]; ok {
		return val, nil
	}
	secretsIf := we.ClientSet.CoreV1().Secrets(namespace)
	var secret *apiv1.Secret
	err := waitutil.Backoff(retry.DefaultRetry, func() (bool, error) {
		var err error
		secret, err = secretsIf.Get(ctx, name, metav1.GetOptions{})
		return !errorsutil.IsTransientErr(err), err
	})
	if err != nil {
		return []byte{}, errors.InternalWrapError(err)
	}
	// memoize all keys in the secret since it's highly likely we will need to get a
	// subsequent key in the secret (e.g. username + password) and we can save an API call
	for k, v := range secret.Data {
		we.memoizedSecrets[fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s", namespace, name, k)] = v
	}
	val, ok := we.memoizedSecrets[cachedKey]
	if !ok {
		return []byte{}, errors.Errorf(errors.CodeBadRequest, "secret '%s' does not have the key '%s'", name, key)
	}
	return val, nil
}

// GetTerminationGracePeriodDuration returns the terminationGracePeriodSeconds of podSpec in Time.Duration format
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) GetTerminationGracePeriodDuration(ctx context.Context) (time.Duration, error) {
	pod, err := we.getPod(ctx)
	if err != nil || pod.Spec.TerminationGracePeriodSeconds == nil {
		return time.Duration(0), err
	}
	terminationGracePeriodDuration := time.Second * time.Duration(*pod.Spec.TerminationGracePeriodSeconds)
	return terminationGracePeriodDuration, nil
}

// CaptureScriptResult will add the stdout of a script template as output result
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) CaptureScriptResult(ctx context.Context) error {
	if !we.IncludeScriptOutput {
		log.Infof("No Script output reference in workflow. Capturing script output ignored")
		return nil
	}
	if !we.Template.HasOutput() {
		log.Infof("Template type is neither of Script, Container, or Pod. Capturing script output ignored")
		return nil
	}
	log.Infof("Capturing script output")
	reader, err := we.RuntimeExecutor.GetOutputStream(ctx, common.MainContainerName, false)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer func() { _ = reader.Close() }()
	bytes, err := ioutil.ReadAll(reader)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.InternalWrapError(err)
	}
	out := string(bytes)
	// Trims off a single newline for user convenience
	outputLen := len(out)
	if outputLen > 0 && out[outputLen-1] == '\n' {
		out = out[0 : outputLen-1]
	}

	const maxAnnotationSize int = 256 * (1 << 10) // 256 kB
	// A character in a string is a byte
	if len(out) > maxAnnotationSize {
		log.Warnf("Output is larger than the maximum allowed size of 256 kB, only the last 256 kB were saved")
		out = out[len(out)-maxAnnotationSize:]
	}

	we.Template.Outputs.Result = &out
	return nil
}

// AnnotateOutputs annotation to the pod indicating all the outputs.
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) AnnotateOutputs(ctx context.Context, logArt *wfv1.Artifact) error {
	outputs := we.Template.Outputs.DeepCopy()
	if logArt != nil {
		outputs.Artifacts = append(outputs.Artifacts, *logArt)
	}

	if !outputs.HasOutputs() {
		return nil
	}
	log.Infof("Annotating pod with output")
	outputBytes, err := json.Marshal(outputs)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.InternalWrapError(err)
	}
	return we.AddAnnotation(ctx, common.AnnotationKeyOutputs, string(outputBytes))
}

// AddError adds an error to the list of encountered errors during execution
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) AddError(err error) {
	log.Errorf("executor error: %+v", err)
	we.errors = append(we.errors, err)
}

// HasError return the first error if exist
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) HasError() error {
	if len(we.errors) > 0 {
		return we.errors[0]
	}
	return nil
}

// AddAnnotation adds an annotation to the workflow pod
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) AddAnnotation(ctx context.Context, key, value string) error {
	return common.AddPodAnnotation(ctx, we.ClientSet, we.PodName, we.Namespace, key, value, ExecutorRetry)
}

// isTarball returns whether or not the file is a tarball
func isTarball(filePath string) (bool, error) {
	log.Infof("Detecting if %s is a tarball", filePath)
	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Clean(filePath))
	if err != nil {
		return false, err
	}
	defer func() {
		if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
			log.Fatalf("Error closing file[%s]: %v", filePath, err)
		}
	}()
	gzr, err := gzip.NewReader(f)
	if err != nil {
		return false, nil
	}
	defer gzr.Close()
	tarr := tar.NewReader(gzr)
	_, err = tarr.Next()
	return err == nil, nil
}

// untar extracts a tarball to a temporary directory,
// renaming it to the desired location
func untar(tarPath string, destPath string) error {
	decompressor := func(src string, dest string) error {
		_, err := common.RunCommand("tar", "-xf", src, "-C", dest)
		return err
	}

	return unpack(tarPath, destPath, decompressor)
}

// unzip extracts a zip folder to a temporary directory,
// renaming it to the desired location
func unzip(zipPath string, destPath string) error {
	decompressor := func(src string, dest string) error {
		r, err := zip.OpenReader(src)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		defer func() {
			if err := r.Close(); err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
		}()

		// Closure to address file descriptors issue with all the deferred .Close() methods
		extractAndWriteFile := func(f *zip.File) error {
			rc, err := f.Open()
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			defer func() {
				if err := rc.Close(); err != nil {
					panic(err)
				}
			}()

			path := filepath.Join(dest, f.Name) //nolint:gosec
			if !strings.HasPrefix(path, filepath.Clean(dest)+string(os.PathSeparator)) {
				return fmt.Errorf("%s: Illegal file path", path)
			}

			if f.FileInfo().IsDir() {
				if err = os.MkdirAll(path, f.Mode()); err != nil {
					return err
				}
			} else {
				if err = os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), f.Mode()); err != nil {
					return err
				}
				f, err := os.OpenFile(filepath.Clean(path), os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, f.Mode())
				if err != nil {
					return err
				}
				defer func() {
					if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
						panic(err)
					}
				}()

				_, err = io.Copy(f, rc) //nolint:gosec
				if err != nil {
					return err
				}
			}
			return nil
		}

		for _, f := range r.File {
			if err := extractAndWriteFile(f); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			log.Infof("Extracting file: %s", f.Name)
		}

		log.Infof("Extraction of %s finished!", src)

		return nil
	}

	return unpack(zipPath, destPath, decompressor)
}

// unpack unpacks a compressed file (tarball or zip file) to a temporary directory,
// renaming it to the desired location
// decompression is done using the decompressor closure, that should decompress a tarball or zip file
func unpack(srcPath string, destPath string, decompressor func(string, string) error) error {
	// first extract the tar into a temporary dir
	tmpDir := destPath + ".tmpdir"
	err := os.MkdirAll(tmpDir, os.ModePerm)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.InternalWrapError(err)
	}
	if decompressor != nil {
		if err = decompressor(srcPath, tmpDir); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	// next, decide how we wish to rename the file/dir
	// to the destination path.
	files, err := ioutil.ReadDir(tmpDir)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.InternalWrapError(err)
	}
	if len(files) == 1 {
		// if the tar is comprised of single file or directory,
		// rename that file to the desired location
		filePath := path.Join(tmpDir, files[0].Name())
		err = os.Rename(filePath, destPath)
		if err != nil {
			return errors.InternalWrapError(err)
		}
		err = os.Remove(tmpDir)
		if err != nil {
			return errors.InternalWrapError(err)
		}
	} else {
		// the tar extracted into multiple files. In this case,
		// just rename the temp directory to the dest path
		err = os.Rename(tmpDir, destPath)
		if err != nil {
			return errors.InternalWrapError(err)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func chmod(artPath string, mode int32, recurse bool) error {
	err := os.Chmod(artPath, os.FileMode(mode))
	if err != nil {
		return errors.InternalWrapError(err)
	}

	if recurse {
		err = filepath.Walk(artPath, func(path string, f os.FileInfo, err error) error {
			return os.Chmod(path, os.FileMode(mode))
		})
		if err != nil {
			return errors.InternalWrapError(err)
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// Wait is the sidecar container logic which waits for the main container to complete.
// Also monitors for updates in the pod annotations which may change (e.g. terminate)
// Upon completion, kills any sidecars after it finishes.
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) Wait(ctx context.Context) error {
	containerNames := we.Template.GetMainContainerNames()
	go we.monitorDeadline(ctx, containerNames)
	err := waitutil.Backoff(ExecutorRetry, func() (bool, error) {
		err := we.RuntimeExecutor.Wait(ctx, containerNames)
		return err == nil, err
	})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to wait for main container to complete: %w", err)
	}
	log.Infof("Main container completed")
	return nil
}

// monitorDeadline checks to see if we exceeded the deadline for the step and
// terminates the main container if we did
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) monitorDeadline(ctx context.Context, containerNames []string) {
	terminate := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
	signal.Notify(terminate, syscall.SIGTERM)

	deadlineExceeded := make(chan bool, 1)
	if !we.Deadline.IsZero() {
		t := time.AfterFunc(time.Until(we.Deadline), func() {
			deadlineExceeded <- true
		})
		defer t.Stop()
	}

	var message string
	log.Infof("Starting deadline monitor")
	select {
	case <-ctx.Done():
		log.Info("Deadline monitor stopped")
		return
	case <-deadlineExceeded:
		message = "Step exceeded its deadline"
	case <-terminate:
		message = "Step terminated"
	}
	log.Info(message)
	util.WriteTeriminateMessage(message)
	we.killContainers(ctx, containerNames)
}

func (we *WorkflowExecutor) killContainers(ctx context.Context, containerNames []string) {
	log.Infof("Killing containers")
	terminationGracePeriodDuration, _ := we.GetTerminationGracePeriodDuration(ctx)
	if err := we.RuntimeExecutor.Kill(ctx, containerNames, terminationGracePeriodDuration); err != nil {
		log.Warnf("Failed to kill %q: %v", containerNames, err)
	}
}

// KillSidecars kills any sidecars to the main container
func (we *WorkflowExecutor) KillSidecars(ctx context.Context) error {
	containerNames, err := we.RuntimeExecutor.ListContainerNames(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	var sidecarNames []string
	for _, n := range containerNames {
		if n != common.WaitContainerName && !we.Template.IsMainContainerName(n) {
			sidecarNames = append(sidecarNames, n)
		}
	}
	log.Infof("Killing sidecars %q", sidecarNames)
	if len(sidecarNames) == 0 {
		return nil // exit early as GetTerminationGracePeriodDuration performs `get pod`
	}
	terminationGracePeriodDuration, _ := we.GetTerminationGracePeriodDuration(ctx)
	return we.RuntimeExecutor.Kill(ctx, sidecarNames, terminationGracePeriodDuration)
}

func (we *WorkflowExecutor) Init() error {
	if i, ok := we.RuntimeExecutor.(Initializer); ok {
		return i.Init(we.Template)
	}
	return nil
}