图书数据预处理.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 数据读取"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import pandas as pd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "b'Skipping line 6452: expected 8 fields, saw 9\\nSkipping line 43667: expected 8 fields, saw 10\\nSkipping line 51751: expected 8 fields, saw 9\\n'\n",
      "b'Skipping line 92038: expected 8 fields, saw 9\\nSkipping line 104319: expected 8 fields, saw 9\\nSkipping line 121768: expected 8 fields, saw 9\\n'\n",
      "b'Skipping line 144058: expected 8 fields, saw 9\\nSkipping line 150789: expected 8 fields, saw 9\\nSkipping line 157128: expected 8 fields, saw 9\\nSkipping line 180189: expected 8 fields, saw 9\\nSkipping line 185738: expected 8 fields, saw 9\\n'\n",
      "b'Skipping line 209388: expected 8 fields, saw 9\\nSkipping line 220626: expected 8 fields, saw 9\\nSkipping line 227933: expected 8 fields, saw 11\\nSkipping line 228957: expected 8 fields, saw 10\\nSkipping line 245933: expected 8 fields, saw 9\\nSkipping line 251296: expected 8 fields, saw 9\\nSkipping line 259941: expected 8 fields, saw 9\\nSkipping line 261529: expected 8 fields, saw 9\\n'\n",
      "D:\\Programing\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\IPython\\core\\interactiveshell.py:3063: DtypeWarning: Columns (3) have mixed types.Specify dtype option on import or set low_memory=False.\n",
      "  interactivity=interactivity, compiler=compiler, result=result)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "books = pd.read_csv(r'data_set\\BX-Books.csv.gz',\n",
    "                    sep=';',\n",
    "                    error_bad_lines=False,\n",
    "                    encoding='latin-1')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
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       "\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>ISBN</th>\n",
       "      <th>Book-Title</th>\n",
       "      <th>Book-Author</th>\n",
       "      <th>Year-Of-Publication</th>\n",
       "      <th>Publisher</th>\n",
       "      <th>Image-URL-S</th>\n",
       "      <th>Image-URL-M</th>\n",
       "      <th>Image-URL-L</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>0195153448</td>\n",
       "      <td>Classical Mythology</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mark P. O. Morford</td>\n",
       "      <td>2002</td>\n",
       "      <td>Oxford University Press</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0195153448.0...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0195153448.0...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0195153448.0...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>0002005018</td>\n",
       "      <td>Clara Callan</td>\n",
       "      <td>Richard Bruce Wright</td>\n",
       "      <td>2001</td>\n",
       "      <td>HarperFlamingo Canada</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0002005018.0...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0002005018.0...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0002005018.0...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>0060973129</td>\n",
       "      <td>Decision in Normandy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Carlo D'Este</td>\n",
       "      <td>1991</td>\n",
       "      <td>HarperPerennial</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0060973129.0...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0060973129.0...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0060973129.0...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>0374157065</td>\n",
       "      <td>Flu: The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gina Bari Kolata</td>\n",
       "      <td>1999</td>\n",
       "      <td>Farrar Straus Giroux</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0374157065.0...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0374157065.0...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0374157065.0...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>0393045218</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Mummies of Urumchi</td>\n",
       "      <td>E. J. W. Barber</td>\n",
       "      <td>1999</td>\n",
       "      <td>W. W. Norton &amp;amp; Company</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0393045218.0...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0393045218.0...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0393045218.0...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         ISBN                                         Book-Title  \\\n",
       "0  0195153448                                Classical Mythology   \n",
       "1  0002005018                                       Clara Callan   \n",
       "2  0060973129                               Decision in Normandy   \n",
       "3  0374157065  Flu: The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic...   \n",
       "4  0393045218                             The Mummies of Urumchi   \n",
       "\n",
       "            Book-Author Year-Of-Publication                   Publisher  \\\n",
       "0    Mark P. O. Morford                2002     Oxford University Press   \n",
       "1  Richard Bruce Wright                2001       HarperFlamingo Canada   \n",
       "2          Carlo D'Este                1991             HarperPerennial   \n",
       "3      Gina Bari Kolata                1999        Farrar Straus Giroux   \n",
       "4       E. J. W. Barber                1999  W. W. Norton &amp; Company   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                         Image-URL-S  \\\n",
       "0  http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0195153448.0...   \n",
       "1  http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0002005018.0...   \n",
       "2  http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0060973129.0...   \n",
       "3  http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0374157065.0...   \n",
       "4  http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0393045218.0...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                         Image-URL-M  \\\n",
       "0  http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0195153448.0...   \n",
       "1  http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0002005018.0...   \n",
       "2  http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0060973129.0...   \n",
       "3  http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0374157065.0...   \n",
       "4  http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0393045218.0...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                         Image-URL-L  \n",
       "0  http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0195153448.0...  \n",
       "1  http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0002005018.0...  \n",
       "2  http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0060973129.0...  \n",
       "3  http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0374157065.0...  \n",
       "4  http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0393045218.0...  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "books.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "books = books.iloc[:, :-3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 83,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>isbn</th>\n",
       "      <th>title</th>\n",
       "      <th>author</th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>publisher</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>0195153448</td>\n",
       "      <td>Classical Mythology</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mark P. O. Morford</td>\n",
       "      <td>2002</td>\n",
       "      <td>Oxford University Press</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>0002005018</td>\n",
       "      <td>Clara Callan</td>\n",
       "      <td>Richard Bruce Wright</td>\n",
       "      <td>2001</td>\n",
       "      <td>HarperFlamingo Canada</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>0060973129</td>\n",
       "      <td>Decision in Normandy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Carlo D'Este</td>\n",
       "      <td>1991</td>\n",
       "      <td>HarperPerennial</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>0374157065</td>\n",
       "      <td>Flu: The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gina Bari Kolata</td>\n",
       "      <td>1999</td>\n",
       "      <td>Farrar Straus Giroux</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>0393045218</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Mummies of Urumchi</td>\n",
       "      <td>E. J. W. Barber</td>\n",
       "      <td>1999</td>\n",
       "      <td>W. W. Norton &amp;amp; Company</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         isbn                                              title  \\\n",
       "0  0195153448                                Classical Mythology   \n",
       "1  0002005018                                       Clara Callan   \n",
       "2  0060973129                               Decision in Normandy   \n",
       "3  0374157065  Flu: The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic...   \n",
       "4  0393045218                             The Mummies of Urumchi   \n",
       "\n",
       "                 author  year                   publisher  \n",
       "0    Mark P. O. Morford  2002     Oxford University Press  \n",
       "1  Richard Bruce Wright  2001       HarperFlamingo Canada  \n",
       "2          Carlo D'Este  1991             HarperPerennial  \n",
       "3      Gina Bari Kolata  1999        Farrar Straus Giroux  \n",
       "4       E. J. W. Barber  1999  W. W. Norton &amp; Company  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 83,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "books.columns = ['isbn', 'title', 'author', 'year', 'publisher']\n",
    "books.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>User-ID</th>\n",
       "      <th>Location</th>\n",
       "      <th>Age</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>nyc, new york, usa</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>stockton, california, usa</td>\n",
       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>moscow, yukon territory, russia</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>porto, v.n.gaia, portugal</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>farnborough, hants, united kingdom</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   User-ID                            Location   Age\n",
       "0        1                  nyc, new york, usa   NaN\n",
       "1        2           stockton, california, usa  18.0\n",
       "2        3     moscow, yukon territory, russia   NaN\n",
       "3        4           porto, v.n.gaia, portugal  17.0\n",
       "4        5  farnborough, hants, united kingdom   NaN"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "users = pd.read_csv(r'data_set\\BX-Users.csv.gz',\n",
    "                    sep=';',\n",
    "                    error_bad_lines=False,\n",
    "                    encoding='latin-1')\n",
    "users.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "users.columns = ['user_id', 'location', 'age']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
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       "\n",
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       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>User-ID</th>\n",
       "      <th>ISBN</th>\n",
       "      <th>Book-Rating</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>276725</td>\n",
       "      <td>034545104X</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>276726</td>\n",
       "      <td>0155061224</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>276727</td>\n",
       "      <td>0446520802</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>276729</td>\n",
       "      <td>052165615X</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>276729</td>\n",
       "      <td>0521795028</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   User-ID        ISBN  Book-Rating\n",
       "0   276725  034545104X            0\n",
       "1   276726  0155061224            5\n",
       "2   276727  0446520802            0\n",
       "3   276729  052165615X            3\n",
       "4   276729  0521795028            6"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ratings = pd.read_csv(r'data_set\\BX-Book-Ratings.csv.gz',\n",
    "                      sep=';',\n",
    "                      error_bad_lines=False,\n",
    "                      encoding='latin-1')\n",
    "ratings.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
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       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
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       "\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>user_id</th>\n",
       "      <th>isbn</th>\n",
       "      <th>rating</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>276725</td>\n",
       "      <td>034545104X</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>276726</td>\n",
       "      <td>0155061224</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>276727</td>\n",
       "      <td>0446520802</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>276729</td>\n",
       "      <td>052165615X</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>276729</td>\n",
       "      <td>0521795028</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   user_id        isbn  rating\n",
       "0   276725  034545104X       0\n",
       "1   276726  0155061224       5\n",
       "2   276727  0446520802       0\n",
       "3   276729  052165615X       3\n",
       "4   276729  0521795028       6"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ratings.columns = ['user_id', 'isbn', 'rating']\n",
    "ratings.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(278858, 3) (271360, 5) (1149780, 3)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(users.shape, books.shape, ratings.shape)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "user_id       int64\n",
       "location     object\n",
       "age         float64\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "users.dtypes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "isbn         object\n",
       "title        object\n",
       "author       object\n",
       "year         object\n",
       "publisher    object\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "books.dtypes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "user_id     int64\n",
       "isbn       object\n",
       "rating      int64\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ratings.dtypes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 数据清洗，处理缺失值"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Books"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([2002, 2001, 1991, 1999, 2000, 1993, 1996, 1988, 2004, 1998, 1994,\n",
       "       2003, 1997, 1983, 1979, 1995, 1982, 1985, 1992, 1986, 1978, 1980,\n",
       "       1952, 1987, 1990, 1981, 1989, 1984, 0, 1968, 1961, 1958, 1974,\n",
       "       1976, 1971, 1977, 1975, 1965, 1941, 1970, 1962, 1973, 1972, 1960,\n",
       "       1966, 1920, 1956, 1959, 1953, 1951, 1942, 1963, 1964, 1969, 1954,\n",
       "       1950, 1967, 2005, 1957, 1940, 1937, 1955, 1946, 1936, 1930, 2011,\n",
       "       1925, 1948, 1943, 1947, 1945, 1923, 2020, 1939, 1926, 1938, 2030,\n",
       "       1911, 1904, 1949, 1932, 1928, 1929, 1927, 1931, 1914, 2050, 1934,\n",
       "       1910, 1933, 1902, 1924, 1921, 1900, 2038, 2026, 1944, 1917, 1901,\n",
       "       2010, 1908, 1906, 1935, 1806, 2021, '2000', '1995', '1999', '2004',\n",
       "       '2003', '1990', '1994', '1986', '1989', '2002', '1981', '1993',\n",
       "       '1983', '1982', '1976', '1991', '1977', '1998', '1992', '1996',\n",
       "       '0', '1997', '2001', '1974', '1968', '1987', '1984', '1988',\n",
       "       '1963', '1956', '1970', '1985', '1978', '1973', '1980', '1979',\n",
       "       '1975', '1969', '1961', '1965', '1939', '1958', '1950', '1953',\n",
       "       '1966', '1971', '1959', '1972', '1955', '1957', '1945', '1960',\n",
       "       '1967', '1932', '1924', '1964', '2012', '1911', '1927', '1948',\n",
       "       '1962', '2006', '1952', '1940', '1951', '1931', '1954', '2005',\n",
       "       '1930', '1941', '1944', 'DK Publishing Inc', '1943', '1938',\n",
       "       '1900', '1942', '1923', '1920', '1933', 'Gallimard', '1909',\n",
       "       '1946', '2008', '1378', '2030', '1936', '1947', '2011', '2020',\n",
       "       '1919', '1949', '1922', '1897', '2024', '1376', '1926', '2037'],\n",
       "      dtype=object)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "books.year.unique()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>isbn</th>\n",
       "      <th>title</th>\n",
       "      <th>author</th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>publisher</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>209538</th>\n",
       "      <td>078946697X</td>\n",
       "      <td>DK Readers: Creating the X-Men, How It All Beg...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2000</td>\n",
       "      <td>DK Publishing Inc</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://images.amazon.com/images/P/078946697X.0...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>221678</th>\n",
       "      <td>0789466953</td>\n",
       "      <td>DK Readers: Creating the X-Men, How Comic Book...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2000</td>\n",
       "      <td>DK Publishing Inc</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0789466953.0...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "              isbn                                              title author  \\\n",
       "209538  078946697X  DK Readers: Creating the X-Men, How It All Beg...   2000   \n",
       "221678  0789466953  DK Readers: Creating the X-Men, How Comic Book...   2000   \n",
       "\n",
       "                     year                                          publisher  \n",
       "209538  DK Publishing Inc  http://images.amazon.com/images/P/078946697X.0...  \n",
       "221678  DK Publishing Inc  http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0789466953.0...  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "books.loc[books.year == 'DK Publishing Inc']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "books.loc[books.isbn == '078946697X', 'year'] = 2000\n",
    "books.loc[books.isbn == '078946697X', 'title'] = \"DK Readers: Creating the X-Men, How It All Began (Level 4: Proficient Readers)\"\n",
    "books.loc[books.isbn == '078946697X', 'author'] = 'Michael Teitelbaum'\n",
    "books.loc[books.isbn == '078946697X', 'publisher'] = 'DK Publishing Inc'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "books.loc[books.isbn == '0789466953', 'year'] = 2000\n",
    "books.loc[books.isbn == '0789466953', 'title'] = \"DK Readers: Creating the X-Men, How Comic Books Come to Life (Level 4: Proficient Readers)\"\n",
    "books.loc[books.isbn == '0789466953', 'author'] = 'James Buckley'\n",
    "books.loc[books.isbn == '0789466953', 'publisher'] = 'DK Publishing Inc'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>isbn</th>\n",
       "      <th>title</th>\n",
       "      <th>author</th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>publisher</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "Empty DataFrame\n",
       "Columns: [isbn, title, author, year, publisher]\n",
       "Index: []"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "books.loc[books.year == 'DK Publishing Inc']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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       "\n",
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>isbn</th>\n",
       "      <th>title</th>\n",
       "      <th>author</th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>publisher</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>220731</th>\n",
       "      <td>2070426769</td>\n",
       "      <td>Peuple du ciel, suivi de 'Les Bergers\\\";Jean-M...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2003</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gallimard</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://images.amazon.com/images/P/2070426769.0...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "              isbn                                              title author  \\\n",
       "220731  2070426769  Peuple du ciel, suivi de 'Les Bergers\\\";Jean-M...   2003   \n",
       "\n",
       "             year                                          publisher  \n",
       "220731  Gallimard  http://images.amazon.com/images/P/2070426769.0...  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "books.loc[books.year == 'Gallimard']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "books.loc[books.isbn == '2070426769', 'year'] = 2003\n",
    "books.loc[books.isbn == '2070426769', 'title'] = \"Peuple du ciel, suivi de 'Les Bergers\"\n",
    "books.loc[books.isbn == '2070426769', 'author'] = 'Jean-Marie Gustave'\n",
    "books.loc[books.isbn == '2070426769', 'publisher'] = 'Gallimard'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>isbn</th>\n",
       "      <th>title</th>\n",
       "      <th>author</th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>publisher</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "Empty DataFrame\n",
       "Columns: [isbn, title, author, year, publisher]\n",
       "Index: []"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "books.loc[books.year == 'Gallimard']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "books.year = pd.to_numeric(books.year, errors='coerce')  # 无效的解析设置为NaN"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[0, 1376, 1378, 1806, 1897, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1904, 1906, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1914, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2020, 2021, 2024, 2026, 2030, 2037, 2038, 2050]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(sorted(books.year.unique()))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "books.loc[(books.year > 2004) | (books.year == 0), 'year'] = np.nan"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "books.year.fillna(books.year.median(), inplace=True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "isbn         0\n",
       "title        0\n",
       "author       1\n",
       "year         0\n",
       "publisher    2\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "books.isnull().sum()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "books.year = books.year.astype(np.int32)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1376, 1378, 1806, 1897, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1904, 1906, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1914, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(sorted(books.year.unique()))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>isbn</th>\n",
       "      <th>title</th>\n",
       "      <th>author</th>\n",
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       "      <th>publisher</th>\n",
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       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>128890</th>\n",
       "      <td>193169656X</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tyrant Moon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Elaine Corvidae</td>\n",
       "      <td>2002</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>129037</th>\n",
       "      <td>1931696993</td>\n",
       "      <td>Finders Keepers</td>\n",
       "      <td>Linnea Sinclair</td>\n",
       "      <td>2001</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "              isbn            title           author  year publisher\n",
       "128890  193169656X      Tyrant Moon  Elaine Corvidae  2002       NaN\n",
       "129037  1931696993  Finders Keepers  Linnea Sinclair  2001       NaN"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "books.loc[books.publisher.isnull(), :]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "<style scoped>\n",
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       "      <th>isbn</th>\n",
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       "      <th>128890</th>\n",
       "      <td>193169656X</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tyrant Moon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Elaine Corvidae</td>\n",
       "      <td>2002</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "              isbn        title           author  year publisher\n",
       "128890  193169656X  Tyrant Moon  Elaine Corvidae  2002       NaN"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "books.loc[books.title == 'Tyrant Moon', :]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "      <th>title</th>\n",
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       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>publisher</th>\n",
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       "      <th>126762</th>\n",
       "      <td>1931696934</td>\n",
       "      <td>Winter's Orphans</td>\n",
       "      <td>Elaine Corvidae</td>\n",
       "      <td>2001</td>\n",
       "      <td>Novelbooks</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>128890</th>\n",
       "      <td>193169656X</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tyrant Moon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Elaine Corvidae</td>\n",
       "      <td>2002</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>129001</th>\n",
       "      <td>0759901880</td>\n",
       "      <td>Wolfkin</td>\n",
       "      <td>Elaine Corvidae</td>\n",
       "      <td>2001</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hard Shell Word Factory</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "              isbn             title           author  year  \\\n",
       "126762  1931696934  Winter's Orphans  Elaine Corvidae  2001   \n",
       "128890  193169656X       Tyrant Moon  Elaine Corvidae  2002   \n",
       "129001  0759901880           Wolfkin  Elaine Corvidae  2001   \n",
       "\n",
       "                      publisher  \n",
       "126762               Novelbooks  \n",
       "128890                      NaN  \n",
       "129001  Hard Shell Word Factory  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "books.loc[books.author == 'Elaine Corvidae', :]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>isbn</th>\n",
       "      <th>title</th>\n",
       "      <th>author</th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>publisher</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10799</th>\n",
       "      <td>082177364X</td>\n",
       "      <td>Finders Keepers</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fern Michaels</td>\n",
       "      <td>2002</td>\n",
       "      <td>Zebra Books</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>42019</th>\n",
       "      <td>0070465037</td>\n",
       "      <td>Finders Keepers</td>\n",
       "      <td>Barbara Nickolae</td>\n",
       "      <td>1989</td>\n",
       "      <td>McGraw-Hill Companies</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>58264</th>\n",
       "      <td>0688118461</td>\n",
       "      <td>Finders Keepers</td>\n",
       "      <td>Emily Rodda</td>\n",
       "      <td>1993</td>\n",
       "      <td>Harpercollins Juvenile Books</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>66678</th>\n",
       "      <td>1575663236</td>\n",
       "      <td>Finders Keepers</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fern Michaels</td>\n",
       "      <td>1998</td>\n",
       "      <td>Kensington Publishing Corporation</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>129037</th>\n",
       "      <td>1931696993</td>\n",
       "      <td>Finders Keepers</td>\n",
       "      <td>Linnea Sinclair</td>\n",
       "      <td>2001</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>134309</th>\n",
       "      <td>0156309505</td>\n",
       "      <td>Finders Keepers</td>\n",
       "      <td>Will</td>\n",
       "      <td>1989</td>\n",
       "      <td>Voyager Books</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>173473</th>\n",
       "      <td>0973146907</td>\n",
       "      <td>Finders Keepers</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sean M. Costello</td>\n",
       "      <td>2002</td>\n",
       "      <td>Red Tower Publications</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>195885</th>\n",
       "      <td>0061083909</td>\n",
       "      <td>Finders Keepers</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sharon Sala</td>\n",
       "      <td>2003</td>\n",
       "      <td>HarperTorch</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>211874</th>\n",
       "      <td>0373261160</td>\n",
       "      <td>Finders Keepers</td>\n",
       "      <td>Elizabeth Travis</td>\n",
       "      <td>1993</td>\n",
       "      <td>Worldwide Library</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "              isbn            title            author  year  \\\n",
       "10799   082177364X  Finders Keepers     Fern Michaels  2002   \n",
       "42019   0070465037  Finders Keepers  Barbara Nickolae  1989   \n",
       "58264   0688118461  Finders Keepers       Emily Rodda  1993   \n",
       "66678   1575663236  Finders Keepers     Fern Michaels  1998   \n",
       "129037  1931696993  Finders Keepers   Linnea Sinclair  2001   \n",
       "134309  0156309505  Finders Keepers              Will  1989   \n",
       "173473  0973146907  Finders Keepers  Sean M. Costello  2002   \n",
       "195885  0061083909  Finders Keepers       Sharon Sala  2003   \n",
       "211874  0373261160  Finders Keepers  Elizabeth Travis  1993   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                publisher  \n",
       "10799                         Zebra Books  \n",
       "42019               McGraw-Hill Companies  \n",
       "58264        Harpercollins Juvenile Books  \n",
       "66678   Kensington Publishing Corporation  \n",
       "129037                                NaN  \n",
       "134309                      Voyager Books  \n",
       "173473             Red Tower Publications  \n",
       "195885                        HarperTorch  \n",
       "211874                  Worldwide Library  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "books.loc[books.title == 'Finders Keepers', :]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>isbn</th>\n",
       "      <th>title</th>\n",
       "      <th>author</th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>publisher</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>129037</th>\n",
       "      <td>1931696993</td>\n",
       "      <td>Finders Keepers</td>\n",
       "      <td>Linnea Sinclair</td>\n",
       "      <td>2001</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "              isbn            title           author  year publisher\n",
       "129037  1931696993  Finders Keepers  Linnea Sinclair  2001       NaN"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "books.loc[books.author == 'Linnea Sinclair', :]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "books.publisher.fillna('others', inplace=True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>isbn</th>\n",
       "      <th>title</th>\n",
       "      <th>author</th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>publisher</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>187689</th>\n",
       "      <td>9627982032</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Credit Suisse Guide to Managing Your Perso...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1995</td>\n",
       "      <td>Edinburgh Financial Publishing</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "              isbn                                              title author  \\\n",
       "187689  9627982032  The Credit Suisse Guide to Managing Your Perso...    NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "        year                       publisher  \n",
       "187689  1995  Edinburgh Financial Publishing  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 43,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "books.loc[books.author.isnull(), :]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "books.author.fillna('anonymous', inplace=True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "isbn         0\n",
       "title        0\n",
       "author       0\n",
       "year         0\n",
       "publisher    0\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "books.isnull().sum()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Users"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>user_id</th>\n",
       "      <th>location</th>\n",
       "      <th>age</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>nyc, new york, usa</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>stockton, california, usa</td>\n",
       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>moscow, yukon territory, russia</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>porto, v.n.gaia, portugal</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>farnborough, hants, united kingdom</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   user_id                            location   age\n",
       "0        1                  nyc, new york, usa   NaN\n",
       "1        2           stockton, california, usa  18.0\n",
       "2        3     moscow, yukon territory, russia   NaN\n",
       "3        4           porto, v.n.gaia, portugal  17.0\n",
       "4        5  farnborough, hants, united kingdom   NaN"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 46,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "users.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "user_id          0\n",
       "location         0\n",
       "age         110762\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 47,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "users.isnull().sum()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "278858"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 48,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(users.user_id)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "278858"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 49,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "users.user_id.max()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[nan, 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0, 11.0, 12.0, 13.0, 14.0, 15.0, 16.0, 17.0, 18.0, 19.0, 20.0, 21.0, 22.0, 23.0, 24.0, 25.0, 26.0, 27.0, 28.0, 29.0, 30.0, 31.0, 32.0, 33.0, 34.0, 35.0, 36.0, 37.0, 38.0, 39.0, 40.0, 41.0, 42.0, 43.0, 44.0, 45.0, 46.0, 47.0, 48.0, 49.0, 50.0, 51.0, 52.0, 53.0, 54.0, 55.0, 56.0, 57.0, 58.0, 59.0, 60.0, 61.0, 62.0, 63.0, 64.0, 65.0, 66.0, 67.0, 68.0, 69.0, 70.0, 71.0, 72.0, 73.0, 74.0, 75.0, 76.0, 77.0, 78.0, 79.0, 80.0, 81.0, 82.0, 83.0, 84.0, 85.0, 86.0, 87.0, 88.0, 89.0, 90.0, 91.0, 92.0, 93.0, 94.0, 95.0, 96.0, 97.0, 98.0, 99.0, 100.0, 101.0, 102.0, 103.0, 104.0, 105.0, 106.0, 107.0, 108.0, 109.0, 110.0, 111.0, 113.0, 114.0, 115.0, 116.0, 118.0, 119.0, 123.0, 124.0, 127.0, 128.0, 132.0, 133.0, 136.0, 137.0, 138.0, 140.0, 141.0, 143.0, 146.0, 147.0, 148.0, 151.0, 152.0, 156.0, 157.0, 159.0, 162.0, 168.0, 172.0, 175.0, 183.0, 186.0, 189.0, 199.0, 200.0, 201.0, 204.0, 207.0, 208.0, 209.0, 210.0, 212.0, 219.0, 220.0, 223.0, 226.0, 228.0, 229.0, 230.0, 231.0, 237.0, 239.0, 244.0]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(sorted(users.age.unique()))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "users.loc[(users.age > 90) | (users.age < 5), :] = np.nan\n",
    "users.age = users.age.fillna(users.age.median())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "users.age = users.age.astype(np.int32)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(sorted(users.age.unique()))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Rating"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "user_id    0\n",
       "isbn       0\n",
       "rating     0\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 54,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ratings.isnull().sum()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>user_id</th>\n",
       "      <th>isbn</th>\n",
       "      <th>rating</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>276725</td>\n",
       "      <td>034545104X</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>276726</td>\n",
       "      <td>0155061224</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>276727</td>\n",
       "      <td>0446520802</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>276729</td>\n",
       "      <td>052165615X</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>276729</td>\n",
       "      <td>0521795028</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   user_id        isbn  rating\n",
       "0   276725  034545104X       0\n",
       "1   276726  0155061224       5\n",
       "2   276727  0446520802       0\n",
       "3   276729  052165615X       3\n",
       "4   276729  0521795028       6"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 55,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ratings.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 只保留在图书列表的书\n",
    "ratings_new = ratings[ratings.isbn.isin(books.isbn)]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1149780\n",
      "1031136\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(len(ratings))\n",
    "print(len(ratings_new))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 68,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 只保住在用户列表的用户\n",
    "ratings_new = ratings_new[ratings_new.user_id.isin(users.user_id)]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 69,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1149780\n",
      "1026157\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(len(ratings))\n",
    "print(len(ratings_new))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 72,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "矩阵稀疏性：0.9999864392136647\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 计算稀疏性\n",
    "n_users = len(users)\n",
    "n_books = len(books)\n",
    "n = n_users * n_books\n",
    "\n",
    "print(f'矩阵稀疏性：{1-len(ratings_new)/n}')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 74,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>user_id</th>\n",
       "      <th>isbn</th>\n",
       "      <th>rating</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>276725</td>\n",
       "      <td>034545104X</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>276726</td>\n",
       "      <td>0155061224</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>276727</td>\n",
       "      <td>0446520802</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>276729</td>\n",
       "      <td>052165615X</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>276729</td>\n",
       "      <td>0521795028</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>276733</td>\n",
       "      <td>2080674722</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>276744</td>\n",
       "      <td>038550120X</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>276746</td>\n",
       "      <td>0425115801</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>276746</td>\n",
       "      <td>0449006522</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>276746</td>\n",
       "      <td>0553561618</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    user_id        isbn  rating\n",
       "0    276725  034545104X       0\n",
       "1    276726  0155061224       5\n",
       "2    276727  0446520802       0\n",
       "3    276729  052165615X       3\n",
       "4    276729  0521795028       6\n",
       "5    276733  2080674722       0\n",
       "8    276744  038550120X       7\n",
       "10   276746  0425115801       0\n",
       "11   276746  0449006522       0\n",
       "12   276746  0553561618       0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 74,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ratings_new.head(10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 75,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ratings_exp = ratings_new[ratings_new.rating != 0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 76,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1149780\n",
      "1026157\n",
      "382117\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(len(ratings))\n",
    "print(len(ratings_new))\n",
    "print(len(ratings_exp))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 77,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(sorted(ratings_exp.rating.unique()))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 78,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "8     91365\n",
       "10    70963\n",
       "7     66102\n",
       "9     60499\n",
       "5     45154\n",
       "6     31551\n",
       "4      7576\n",
       "3      5082\n",
       "2      2360\n",
       "1      1465\n",
       "Name: rating, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 78,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ratings_exp.rating.value_counts()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 79,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x17b4f6e19c8>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 79,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light"
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ratings_exp.rating.hist(bins=20, alpha=0.6)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 写入文件"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 81,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "users.to_csv(r'data_set\\users.csv', index=False)\n",
    "books.to_csv(r'data_set\\books.csv', index=False)\n",
    "ratings_exp.to_csv(r'data_set\\ratings.csv', index=False)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.7.9"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 4
}