Adding support for Ubuntu 24.04 images

[gns-build-server]

It's that time again. That time when we are wanting to use a new Ubuntu release, but Parallelcluster doesn't support it yet. We'd really like to be using gcc13 and other stuff that's native on Ubuntu24 rather than continuing with Ubuntu22 for the forseeable future.

So, just like #4060 , let's make a new issue for this:

In Parallelcluster 3.9.1, I get the following error message when trying to configure an ubuntu2404 cluster, so I know it's not there yet:

"message": "[('Image', {'Os': ['Must be one of: alinux2, centos7, ubuntu2004, ubuntu2204, rhel8, rocky8, rhel9, rocky9.']})]"

Do we have a timeline on this?

[enrico-usai]

Related question: #6113