feat(credential-provider-node): refactor into modular components

[trivikr]

Issue

Performed refactor while passing by #3289

Description

• Moves functions into their own files.
• Use destructuring in defaultProvider.
• Replace Promise.reject with throw in remoteProvider.
• Mocks memoize and chain imports instead of testing their functionality.
• Adds unit tests for checking memoize isExpired and requiresRefresh callbacks.

Testing

Unit testing

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