10-Objects and Data Structures Assessment Test-Solution.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Objects and Data Structures Assessment Test"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "## Test your knowledge. \n",
    "\n",
    "** Answer the following questions **"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "Write a brief description of all the following Object Types and Data Structures we've learned about: "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**For the full answers, review the Jupyter notebook introductions of each topic!**\n",
    "\n",
    "[Numbers](http://nbviewer.ipython.org/github/jmportilla/Complete-Python-Bootcamp/blob/master/Numbers.ipynb)\n",
    "\n",
    "[Strings](http://nbviewer.ipython.org/github/jmportilla/Complete-Python-Bootcamp/blob/master/Strings.ipynb)\n",
    "\n",
    "[Lists](http://nbviewer.ipython.org/github/jmportilla/Complete-Python-Bootcamp/blob/master/Lists.ipynb)\n",
    "\n",
    "[Tuples](http://nbviewer.ipython.org/github/jmportilla/Complete-Python-Bootcamp/blob/master/Tuples.ipynb)\n",
    "\n",
    "[Dictionaries](http://nbviewer.ipython.org/github/jmportilla/Complete-Python-Bootcamp/blob/master/Dictionaries.ipynb)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Numbers\n",
    "\n",
    "Write an equation that uses multiplication, division, an exponent, addition, and subtraction that is equal to 100.25.\n",
    "\n",
    "Hint: This is just to test your memory of the basic arithmetic commands, work backwards from 100.25"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "100.25"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Your answer is probably different\n",
    "(60 + (10 ** 2) / 4 * 7) - 134.75"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Answer these 3 questions without typing code. Then type code to check your answer.\n",
    "\n",
    "    What is the value of the expression 4 * (6 + 5)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    What is the value of the expression 4 * 6 + 5 \n",
    "    \n",
    "    What is the value of the expression 4 + 6 * 5 "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "44"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "4 * (6 + 5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "29"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "4 * 6 + 5 "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "34"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "4 + 6 * 5 "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "What is the *type* of the result of the expression 3 + 1.5 + 4?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Answer: Floating Point Number**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "What would you use to find a number’s square root, as well as its square? "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "10.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Square root:\n",
    "100 ** 0.5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "100"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Square:\n",
    "10 ** 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Strings"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Given the string 'hello' give an index command that returns 'e'. Enter your code in the cell below:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'e'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = 'hello'\n",
    "# Print out 'e' using indexing\n",
    "\n",
    "s[1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Reverse the string 'hello' using slicing:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'olleh'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s ='hello'\n",
    "# Reverse the string using slicing\n",
    "\n",
    "s[::-1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Given the string 'hello', give two methods of producing the letter 'o' using indexing."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'o'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s ='hello'\n",
    "# Print out the 'o'\n",
    "\n",
    "# Method 1:\n",
    "\n",
    "s[-1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'o'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Method 2:\n",
    "\n",
    "s[4]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Lists"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Build this list [0,0,0] two separate ways."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[0, 0, 0]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Method 1:\n",
    "[0]*3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[0, 0, 0]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Method 2:\n",
    "list2 = [0,0,0]\n",
    "list2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Reassign 'hello' in this nested list to say 'goodbye' instead:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "list3 = [1,2,[3,4,'hello']]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "list3[2][2] = 'goodbye'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, [3, 4, 'goodbye']]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Sort the list below:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "list4 = [5,3,4,6,1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 3, 4, 5, 6]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Method 1:\n",
    "sorted(list4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 3, 4, 5, 6]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Method 2:\n",
    "list4.sort()\n",
    "list4"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Dictionaries"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Using keys and indexing, grab the 'hello' from the following dictionaries:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'hello'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d = {'simple_key':'hello'}\n",
    "# Grab 'hello'\n",
    "\n",
    "d['simple_key']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'hello'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d = {'k1':{'k2':'hello'}}\n",
    "# Grab 'hello'\n",
    "\n",
    "d['k1']['k2']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Getting a little tricker\n",
    "d = {'k1':[{'nest_key':['this is deep',['hello']]}]}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'hello'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# This was harder than I expected...\n",
    "d['k1'][0]['nest_key'][1][0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# This will be hard and annoying!\n",
    "d = {'k1':[1,2,{'k2':['this is tricky',{'tough':[1,2,['hello']]}]}]}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'hello'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Phew!\n",
    "d['k1'][2]['k2'][1]['tough'][2][0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Can you sort a dictionary? Why or why not?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Answer: No! Because normal dictionaries are *mappings* not a sequence. **"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Tuples"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "What is the major difference between tuples and lists?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Tuples are immutable!**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "How do you create a tuple?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "t = (1,2,3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Sets "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "What is unique about a set?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Answer: They don't allow for duplicate items!**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Use a set to find the unique values of the list below:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "list5 = [1,2,2,33,4,4,11,22,3,3,2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{1, 2, 3, 4, 11, 22, 33}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "set(list5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Booleans"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "For the following quiz questions, we will get a preview of comparison operators. In the table below, a=3 and b=4.\n",
    "\n",
    "<table class=\"table table-bordered\">\n",
    "<tr>\n",
    "<th style=\"width:10%\">Operator</th><th style=\"width:45%\">Description</th><th>Example</th>\n",
    "</tr>\n",
    "<tr>\n",
    "<td>==</td>\n",
    "<td>If the values of two operands are equal, then the condition becomes true.</td>\n",
    "<td> (a == b) is not true.</td>\n",
    "</tr>\n",
    "<tr>\n",
    "<td>!=</td>\n",
    "<td>If values of two operands are not equal, then condition becomes true.</td>\n",
    "<td> (a != b) is true.</td>\n",
    "</tr>\n",
    "<tr>\n",
    "<td>&gt;</td>\n",
    "<td>If the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, then condition becomes true.</td>\n",
    "<td> (a &gt; b) is not true.</td>\n",
    "</tr>\n",
    "<tr>\n",
    "<td>&lt;</td>\n",
    "<td>If the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, then condition becomes true.</td>\n",
    "<td> (a &lt; b) is true.</td>\n",
    "</tr>\n",
    "<tr>\n",
    "<td>&gt;=</td>\n",
    "<td>If the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, then condition becomes true.</td>\n",
    "<td> (a &gt;= b) is not true. </td>\n",
    "</tr>\n",
    "<tr>\n",
    "<td>&lt;=</td>\n",
    "<td>If the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, then condition becomes true.</td>\n",
    "<td> (a &lt;= b) is true. </td>\n",
    "</tr>\n",
    "</table>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "What will be the resulting Boolean of the following pieces of code (answer fist then check by typing it in!)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Answer before running cell\n",
    "2 > 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Answer before running cell\n",
    "3 <= 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Answer before running cell\n",
    "3 == 2.0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Answer before running cell\n",
    "3.0 == 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Answer before running cell\n",
    "4**0.5 != 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Final Question: What is the boolean output of the cell block below?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# two nested lists\n",
    "l_one = [1,2,[3,4]]\n",
    "l_two = [1,2,{'k1':4}]\n",
    "\n",
    "# True or False?\n",
    "l_one[2][0] >= l_two[2]['k1']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Great Job on your first assessment! "
   ]
  }
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