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lexicant.html
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<html>
<head>
<title>Lexicant game</title>
<meta
name="viewport"
content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"
/>
<link
rel="stylesheet"
href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inconsolata:wght@400;700"
/>
<link
rel="stylesheet"
href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Nunito:wght@400;700"
/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./style.css" type="text/css" />
<script src="https://unpkg.com/react@18.2.0/umd/react.development.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/react-dom@18.2.0/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/@babel/standalone@7.23.2/babel.min.js"></script>
<!-- These packages don't have a UMD available so we made our own. -->
<script src="./color.js"></script>
<script src="./immutability-helper.js"></script>
<script src="./flipCoin.js"></script>
<script src="./LetterBitMapTrie.js"></script>
<script src="./BKTree.js"></script>
<script src="./State.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="main">Loading code...</div>
</body>
<script type="text/babel">
async function loadDictionary() {
const response = await fetch("./dictionary.json");
const dictionaryWordList = await response.json();
const set = new Set(dictionaryWordList.filter((word) => word.length > 3));
const trie = new LetterBitMapTrie(set);
const ngrams = computeNGrams(set);
const bk_tree = new BKTree(set);
return { set, trie, ngrams, bk_tree };
}
function computeNGrams(words) {
const ngrams = {};
const alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
for (const w of alphabet) {
for (const x of alphabet) {
for (const y of alphabet) {
for (const z of alphabet) {
ngrams[w + x + y + z] = 0;
}
}
}
}
for (const word of words) {
for (let i = 0; i + 3 < word.length; i++) {
ngrams[word.slice(i, i + 4)]++;
}
}
return ngrams;
}
function Hints({ margin, state }) {
const [isShown, setIsShown] = React.useState(
() => !!new URL(window.location).searchParams.get("hints"),
);
if (state.dictionary == null) {
return null;
}
const { set, trie } = state.dictionary;
const letters = getLetters(state);
const apps = trie.append().get(letters);
const preps = trie.prepend().get(letters);
const winning_appends = apps.filter(
(letter) => trie.perfectPlay(letters + letter) === 1,
);
const winning_prepends = preps.filter(
(letter) => trie.perfectPlay(letter + letters) === 1,
);
const safe_appends = apps.filter((letter) => !set.has(letters + letter));
const safe_prepends = preps.filter(
(letter) => !set.has(letter + letters),
);
return (
<div style={margin ? { margin } : undefined}>
<button onClick={() => setIsShown((prev) => !prev)}>
{isShown ? "Hide" : "Show"} Hints
</button>
{isShown && (
<React.Fragment>
<div>valid prepends: {preps.join(", ")}</div>
<div>valid appends: {apps.join(", ")}</div>
<div>winning prepends: {winning_prepends.join(", ")}</div>
<div>winning appends: {winning_appends.join(", ")}</div>
<div>safe prepends: {safe_prepends.join(", ")}</div>
<div>safe appends: {safe_appends.join(", ")}</div>
</React.Fragment>
)}
</div>
);
}
function getMessage(state) {
if (state.status === "IN_PROGRESS") {
return "";
}
const { gameHistory } = state;
const letters = getLetters(state);
const action = gameHistory.at(-1);
if (action.type === "respondToChallenge") {
if (action.isPlayer) {
if (state.dictionary.set.has(letters)) {
return `You win! Nice word \"${letters}\"`;
} else {
for (let slack = 1; slack < 3; slack++) {
const nearby = state.dictionary.bk_tree.lookup(letters, slack);
if (nearby.length !== 0) {
return "Perhaps you meant " + nearby[0];
}
}
return `Nice try! \"${letters}\" isn't a word!`;
}
} else {
if (state.dictionary.set.has(letters)) {
return `I win! I was thinking of \"${letters}\"!`;
} else {
// difficult to reach as of yet
return `You're right! \"${letters}\" isn't a word fragment!`;
}
}
} else {
// declare victory
if (action.prepend.length + action.append.length > 0) {
// player gave up
return `Good game! I was building towards \"${letters}\"!`;
} else {
if (gameHistory.at(-1).isPlayer) {
return `You win! Great word \"${letters}\"!`;
} else {
if (state.dictionary.set.has(letters)) {
// player spelled a word
return `I win! \"${letters}\" is a word!`;
} else {
return `Good game!`;
}
}
}
}
}
function PlayedWords({ margin, state }) {
const { playedWords } = state;
return (
<div style={margin ? { margin } : undefined}>
Words played this session:
<pre>{JSON.stringify(playedWords, null, 2)}</pre>
</div>
);
}
function ChallengeStatus({ state }) {
if (
state.gameHistory.length === 0 ||
state.gameHistory.at(-1).type !== "challenge" ||
state.gameHistory.at(-1).isPlayer
) {
return <div></div>;
} else {
return <div>You're being challenged!</div>;
}
}
function getComputerMove(state, opponent) {
if (
state.gameHistory.length === 0 ||
state.gameHistory.at(-1).type === "play"
) {
if (opponent === "Perfect") {
return getOptimalMove(state);
} else if (opponent === "Trigram") {
return getSmallLanguageModelMove(state);
} else if (opponent === "Careful") {
if (state.dictionary.set.has(getLetters(state))) {
return {
type: "declareVictory",
isPlayer: false,
prepend: "",
append: "",
};
}
return (
getCarefulMove(state) || {
type: "challenge",
isPlayer: false,
}
);
} else {
return getRandomMove(state);
}
} else {
const [prep, app] = completeToWord(state);
return {
type: "respondToChallenge",
isPlayer: false,
prepend: prep,
append: app,
};
}
}
function completeToWord(state) {
const { set, trie } = state.dictionary;
const letters = getLetters(state);
let [prep, app] = ["", ""];
while (prep.length + app.length < 40 && !set.has(prep + letters + app)) {
const action = getRandomValidMove(prep + letters + app, trie);
if (!action) {
return ["", ""];
}
if (action.isFront) {
prep = action.letter + prep;
} else {
app = app + action.letter;
}
}
return [prep, app];
}
function getRandomValidMove(letters, trie) {
const preps = trie.prepend().get(letters);
const apps = trie.append().get(letters);
return getActionBySamplingLists(preps, apps);
}
function getCarefulMove(state) {
const letters = getLetters(state);
const { set, trie } = state.dictionary;
const preps = trie.prepend().get(letters);
const apps = trie.append().get(letters);
const ongoingPreps = preps.filter((letter) => !set.has(letter + letters));
const ongoingApps = apps.filter((letter) => !set.has(letters + letter));
const terminalPreps = preps.filter((letter) => set.has(letter + letters));
const terminalApps = apps.filter((letter) => set.has(letters + letter));
return (
getActionBySamplingLists(ongoingPreps, ongoingApps) ??
getActionBySamplingLists(terminalPreps, terminalApps)
);
}
function getRandomMove(state) {
const letter = String.fromCharCode(
"a".charCodeAt(0) + Math.floor(Math.random() * 26),
);
return { type: "play", letter, isFront: flipCoin(), isPlayer: false };
}
function getActionBySamplingLists(prepends, appends) {
const length = prepends.length + appends.length;
if (length === 0) {
return undefined;
}
const index = Math.floor(Math.random() * length);
if (index < prepends.length) {
return {
type: "play",
letter: prepends[index],
isFront: true,
isPlayer: false,
};
} else {
return {
type: "play",
letter: appends[index - prepends.length],
isFront: false,
isPlayer: false,
};
}
}
function getOptimalMove(state) {
const { set, trie } = state.dictionary;
const letters = getLetters(state);
if (set.has(letters)) {
return {
type: "declareVictory",
isPlayer: false,
prepend: "",
append: "",
};
}
const apps = trie.append().get(letters);
const preps = trie.prepend().get(letters);
const winning_appends = apps.filter(
(letter) => trie.perfectPlay(letters + letter) === 1,
);
const winning_prepends = preps.filter(
(letter) => trie.perfectPlay(letter + letters) === 1,
);
const safe_appends = apps.filter((letter) => !set.has(letters + letter));
const safe_prepends = preps.filter(
(letter) => !set.has(letter + letters),
);
return (
getActionBySamplingLists(winning_prepends, winning_appends) ??
getActionBySamplingLists(safe_prepends, safe_appends) ??
getActionBySamplingLists(preps, apps) ?? {
type: "challenge",
isPlayer: false,
}
);
}
function getSmallLanguageModelMove(state) {
const { set, trie, ngrams } = state.dictionary;
const letters = getLetters(state);
if (set.has(letters)) {
return {
type: "declareVictory",
isPlayer: false,
prepend: "",
append: "",
};
} else if (getRandomValidMove(letters, trie) == null) {
return {
type: "challenge",
isPlayer: false,
};
}
if (letters.length < 3) {
return getRandomValidMove(letters, trie);
}
const alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
let total = 0;
const first_three = letters.slice(0, 3);
for (const letter of alphabet) {
total += ngrams[letter + first_three];
}
const last_three = letters.slice(-3);
for (const letter of alphabet) {
total += ngrams[last_three + letter];
}
let threshold = Math.random() * total;
let accumulator = 0;
for (const letter of alphabet) {
accumulator += ngrams[letter + first_three];
if (accumulator >= threshold) {
return {
type: "play",
letter: letter,
isFront: true,
isPlayer: false,
};
}
}
for (const letter of alphabet) {
accumulator += ngrams[last_three + letter];
if (accumulator >= threshold) {
return {
type: "play",
letter: letter,
isFront: false,
isPlayer: false,
};
}
}
}
function BoardCell({ letter, isPlayer, movesAgo }) {
const style =
movesAgo == null || isPlayer == null
? null
: {
color: Color(isPlayer ? "blue" : "red")
.mix(
Color("midnightblue"),
// Drop-offs
[0, 0.2, 0.5][movesAgo] ?? 1,
)
.toString(),
};
return (
<div className="gameBoardLetter fadeIn" style={style}>
{letter}
</div>
);
}
function Board({ state, dispatch }) {
const letters = [];
for (const letter of state.initialLetters) {
letters.push(
<BoardCell
key={letters.length}
letter={letter}
isPlayer={null}
movesAgo={null}
/>,
);
}
let playerMovesAgo;
let computerMovesAgo;
const handleSingleLetterAction = (action) =>
letters[action.isFront ? "unshift" : "push"](
<BoardCell
key={letters.length}
letter={action.letter}
isPlayer={action.isPlayer}
movesAgo={action.isPlayer ? --playerMovesAgo : --computerMovesAgo}
/>,
);
const handleMultiLetterAction = (action) => {
const movesAgo = action.isPlayer
? --playerMovesAgo
: --computerMovesAgo;
for (const letter of reverseString(action.prepend)) {
letters.unshift(
<BoardCell
key={letters.length}
letter={letter}
isPlayer={action.isPlayer}
movesAgo={movesAgo}
/>,
);
}
for (const letter of action.append) {
letters.push(
<BoardCell
key={letters.length}
letter={letter}
isPlayer={action.isPlayer}
movesAgo={movesAgo}
/>,
);
}
};
const actionHandlers = {
play: handleSingleLetterAction,
declareVictory: handleMultiLetterAction,
respondToChallenge: handleMultiLetterAction,
};
const relevantActions = state.gameHistory.filter(
(action) => actionHandlers[action.type],
);
playerMovesAgo = relevantActions.filter(
(action) => action.isPlayer,
).length;
computerMovesAgo = relevantActions.length - playerMovesAgo;
for (const action of relevantActions) {
actionHandlers[action.type](action);
}
return letters;
}
function Everything() {
const [state, dispatch] = React.useReducer(
reducer,
undefined,
getInitialState,
);
const [opponent, setOpponent] = React.useState("Trigram");
// Load the dictionary
React.useEffect(() => {
loadDictionary().then((dictionary) =>
dispatch({ type: "initDict", dictionary }),
);
}, []);
// Get the computer to make a move whenever the game history changes and it's their turn.
React.useEffect(() => {
if (!state.dictionary) {
return;
}
if (state.gameHistory.length > 0 && state.gameHistory.at(-1).isPlayer) {
setTimeout(() => dispatch(getComputerMove(state, opponent)), 400);
}
}, [state.gameHistory]);
// Update the url parameter to reflect the current letter state
React.useEffect(() => updateSequenceInUrl(state), [state]);
if (!state.dictionary) {
return <div>Loading dictionary...</div>;
}
if (
state.gameHistory.length === 0 ||
state.gameHistory.at(-1).type !== "challenge" ||
state.gameHistory.at(-1).isPlayer
) {
return (
<NormalPlay
state={state}
dispatch={dispatch}
opponent={opponent}
setOpponent={setOpponent}
/>
);
} else {
return <ChallengePlay state={state} dispatch={dispatch} />;
}
}
function NormalPlay({ state, dispatch, opponent, setOpponent }) {
// Input refs:
const prependInputRef = React.useRef();
const appendInputRef = React.useRef();
const onReceiveText = (ev, isPrepend) => {
const letter = ev.target.value.toLowerCase();
if (letter === " ") {
(isPrepend ? appendInputRef : prependInputRef).current.focus();
return;
}
if (/^[a-z]$/.test(letter)) {
dispatch({
type: "play",
letter,
isFront: isPrepend,
isPlayer: true,
});
}
};
return (
<div>
<h1>Lexicant game</h1>
<div className="gameBoard">
{getLetters(state).length > 0 && (
<input
ref={prependInputRef}
type="text"
maxLength={1}
className="gameBoardLetter"
value=""
onChange={(ev) => onReceiveText(ev, true)}
/>
)}
<Board state={state} dispatch={dispatch} />
<input
ref={appendInputRef}
type="text"
maxLength={1}
className="gameBoardLetter"
value=""
onChange={(ev) => onReceiveText(ev, false)}
autoFocus
/>
</div>
<div style={{ display: "flex", flexDirection: "row", columnGap: 12 }}>
<button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: "undo" })}>Undo</button>
<button
onClick={() => {
if (state.dictionary.set.has(getLetters(state))) {
dispatch({
type: "declareVictory",
isPlayer: true,
prepend: "",
append: "",
});
} else {
dispatch({ type: "challenge", isPlayer: true });
}
}}
>
Challenge
</button>
<button
onClick={() => {
const [prep, app] = completeToWord(state);
dispatch({
type: "declareVictory",
isPlayer: false,
prepend: prep,
append: app,
});
}}
>
Give Up
</button>
<PlayAgain state={state} dispatch={dispatch} />
</div>
<Hints margin="12px 0" state={state} />
<div state={state}>Message: {getMessage(state)}</div>
<PlayedWords state={state} margin="12px 0" />
<ChallengeStatus state={state} margin="12px 0" />
<SelectOpponent opponent={opponent} setOpponent={setOpponent} />
<Footer />
</div>
);
}
function Footer() {
return (
<div style={{ position: "absolute", bottom: 0, left: "50%" }}>
<p>
Confused? Read the{" "}
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexicant">rules</a>.
</p>
</div>
);
}
function SelectOpponent({ opponent, setOpponent }) {
return (
<select
value={opponent}
onChange={(ev) => setOpponent(ev.target.value)}
>
<option value="description" disabled>
Choose your opponent...
</option>
<option value="Random">Random Randi</option>
<option value="Careful">Careful Carter</option>
<option value="Perfect">Perfect Percy</option>
<option value="Trigram">Trigram Tracy</option>
</select>
);
}
function PlayAgain({ state, dispatch }) {
if (state.status === "IN_PROGRESS") {
return <div></div>;
}
return (
<button
style={{ backgroundColor: "red" }}
onClick={() => dispatch({ type: "reset" })}
>
Play again
</button>
);
}
function ChallengePlay({ state, dispatch }) {
// Input refs:
const prependInputRef = React.useRef();
const appendInputRef = React.useRef();
const [prependText, setPrependText] = React.useState("");
const [appendText, setAppendText] = React.useState("");
const sanitizeChallengeText = (s) =>
s.toLowerCase().replaceAll(/[^a-z]+/g, "");
const onReceiveText = (ev, isPrepend) => {
const letter = ev.target.value.toLowerCase();
if (letter === " ") {
(isPrepend ? appendInputRef : prependInputRef).current.focus();
return;
}
if (/^[a-z]$/.test(letter)) {
dispatch({
type: "play",
letter,
isFront: isPrepend,
isPlayer: true,
});
}
};
return (
<div>
<h1>Lexicant game</h1>
<div className="gameBoard">
<input
ref={prependInputRef}
type="text"
className="gameBoardLetter"
style={{ width: "auto" }}
onChange={(ev) =>
setPrependText(sanitizeChallengeText(ev.target.value))
}
value={prependText}
autoFocus
/>
<Board state={state} dispatch={dispatch} />
<input
ref={appendInputRef}
type="text"
className="gameBoardLetter"
style={{ width: "auto" }}
onChange={(ev) =>
setAppendText(sanitizeChallengeText(ev.target.value))
}
value={appendText}
/>
</div>
<div style={{ display: "flex", flexDirection: "row", columnGap: 12 }}>
<button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: "undo" })}>Undo</button>
<button
onClick={() => {
dispatch({
type: "respondToChallenge",
isPlayer: true,
append: appendText,
prepend: prependText,
});
}}
>
Submit
</button>
<button
onClick={() => {
const [prep, app] = completeToWord(state);
dispatch({
type: "declareVictory",
isPlayer: false,
prepend: prep,
append: app,
});
}}
>
Give Up
</button>
</div>
<Hints margin="12px 0" state={state} />
<div state={state}>Message: {getMessage(state)}</div>
<PlayedWords state={state} margin="12px 0" />
<ChallengeStatus state={state} margin="12px 0" />
<Footer />
</div>
);
}
function updateSequenceInUrl(state) {
const url = new URL(window.location);
url.searchParams.set("sequence", getLetters(state));
history.pushState({}, "", url);
}
function randomChoice(list) {
return list[Math.floor(Math.random() * list.length)];
}
function reverseString(s) {
return [...s].reverse().join("");
}
function main() {
ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("main")).render(
<Everything />,
);
}
window.addEventListener("load", main, { once: true });
</script>
</html>