backup

#!/bin/bash

# Live Ubuntu Backup
# Copyright (C) 2009 billbear <billbear@gmail.com>

# Generic Debian/Ubuntu Linux Live System Backup
# Copyright (c) 2021 blicker

# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License,
# or (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
# or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
# See the GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program;
# if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses>.

# Backup running installed Linux system or live Linux system it self into a bootable squashfs file.
# The squashfs file can boot directly using GNU grub:
#
# menuentry "GNU/Linux in SQUASHFS IMAGE (Live CD mode, read only)" {
#		set gfxpayload=keep
#		insmod probe
#		insmod squash4
#		set file="/backup03.12.2021.squashfs"
#		search --no-floppy -f --set=SFSROOT  $file
#		probe -u --set=SFSUUID ${SFSROOT}
#		loopback loop (${SFSROOT})/$file
#		set root=${SFSROOT}
#		linux (loop)/boot/vmlinuz root=UUID=${SFSUUID} squashfs=$file rw apparmor=0 quiet splash locale=en_US.UTF-8 acpi_backlight=vendor
#		initrd (loop)/boot/initrd.img
# }
#
#	Or being extracted into a disk image file (use unsquashfs) and boot from it:
#
# menuentry "GNU/Linux in VHD IMAGE (Hard disk mode, read and write)" {
#		set gfxpayload=keep
#		insmod probe
#		set file="/VirtualBox/linux.vhd"
#		search --no-floppy -f --set=SFSROOT  $file
#		set root=${SFSROOT}
#		probe -u --set=SFSUUID ${SFSROOT}
#		loopback loop (${SFSROOT})/$file
#		linux (loop,msdos1)/boot/vmlinuz root=UUID=${SFSUUID} kloop=$file kroot=/dev/mapper/loop0p1 rw apparmor=0 quiet splash locale=en_US.UTF-8 acpi_backlight=vendor
#		initrd (loop,msdos1)/boot/initrd.img
#	
#

mypath=$0

make_new(){
	local newobj="$*"
	i=0
	while [ -e $newobj ]; do
	i=`expr $i + 1`
	newobj="$*-$i"
	done
	echo $newobj
}

echored(){
	echo -e "\033[31m$*\033[0m"
	return 0
}


packagecheck(){
	[ $(find /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin /usr/local/bin /usr/local/sbin -name mksquashfs -type f) ] || { echored "Lack of essential package: squashfs-tools. Please install it."; exit 1; }
	[ $(find /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin /usr/local/bin /usr/local/sbin -name update-initramfs -type f) ] || { echored "Lack of essential package: initramfs-tools. Please install it."; exit 1; }
	[ $(find /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin /usr/local/bin /usr/local/sbin -name mkinitramfs -type f) ] || { echored "Lack of essential package: initramfs-tools-core. Please install it."; exit 1; }
}

distrocheck(){
	DISTRO=""
	if grep -Eqi "Ubuntu" /etc/issue || grep -Eqi "Ubuntu" /etc/*-release; then
		DISTRO='Ubuntu'
	elif grep -Eqi "Debian" /etc/issue || grep -Eqi "Debian" /etc/*-release; then
		DISTRO='Debian'
	# You may add other distros here
	else
		DISTRO='Unknown'
	fi
}

patchcheck(){
	# Four files are pathed to make it possible to boot from squashfs file or virtual hard disk image file.
	# The four files are (eg. Ubuntu & Debian):
	#			/usr/sbin/mkinitramfs
	#			/usr/share/initramfs-tools/init
	#			/usr/share/initramfs-tools/scripts/local
	#			/usr/share/initramfs-tools/modules
	# Here we check whether these files were patched or not, 
	distrocheck
	case $DISTRO in
		Ubuntu)
			LOCALFILE=/usr/share/initramfs-tools/scripts/local
			LOCALPATCH=/usr/share/backup/local-ubuntu.patch
			INITFILE=/usr/share/initramfs-tools/init
			INITPATCH=/usr/share/backup/init-ubuntu.patch
			MKINITRAMFSFILE=/usr/sbin/mkinitramfs
			MKINITRAMFSPATCH=/usr/share/backup/mkinitramfs-ubuntu.patch
			MODULESFILE=/usr/share/initramfs-tools/modules
			MODULESPATCH=/usr/share/backup/modules-ubuntu.patch
			;;
		Debian)
			LOCALFILE=/usr/share/initramfs-tools/scripts/local
			LOCALPATCH=/usr/share/backup/local-debian.patch
			INITFILE=/usr/share/initramfs-tools/init
			INITPATCH=/usr/share/backup/init-debian.patch
			MKINITRAMFSFILE=/usr/sbin/mkinitramfs
			MKINITRAMFSPATCH=/usr/share/backup/mkinitramfs-debian.patch
			MODULESFILE=/usr/share/initramfs-tools/modules
			MODULESPATCH=/usr/share/backup/modules-debian.patch
			;;
		# You may add other distros here.
		*)
			echo "Unsuported distro. Please patch your initramfs-tools manually before trying to backup."
			exit 1
			;;
	esac
	local PN=0
	[ $(grep -c '###DO#NOT#DELETE#THIS#MARKER###' $MKINITRAMFSFILE) -eq 0 ] && { patch $MKINITRAMFSFILE < $MKINITRAMFSPATCH; [ $? -gt 0 ] && { echored "Patch $MKINITRAMFSFILE failed. Please update $MKINITRAMFSPATCH"; exit 1;} || PN=1; }
	[ $(grep -c '###DO#NOT#DELETE#THIS#MARKER###' $LOCALFILE) -eq 0 ] && { patch $LOCALFILE < $LOCALPATCH; [ $? -gt 0 ] && { echored "Patch $LOCALFILE failed. Please update $LOCALPATCH"; exit 1;} || PN=1; }
	[ $(grep -c '###DO#NOT#DELETE#THIS#MARKER###' $INITFILE) -eq 0 ] && { patch $INITFILE < $INITPATCH; [ $? -gt 0 ] && { echored "Patch $INITFILE failed. Please update $INITPATCH"; exit 1;} || PN=1; }
	[ $(grep -c '###DO#NOT#DELETE#THIS#MARKER###' $MODULESFILE) -eq 0 ] && { patch $MODULESFILE < $MODULESPATCH; [ $? -gt 0 ] && { echored "Patch $MODULESFILE failed. Please update $MODULESPATCH"; exit 1;} || PN=1; }
	[ $PN -gt 0 ] && update-initramfs -c -k $(uname -r)
}

rebuildtree(){ # Remounting the linux directories effectively excludes removable media, manually mounted devices, windows partitions, virtual files under /proc, /sys, /dev, the /host contents of a wubi install, etc. If your partition scheme is more complicated than listed below, you must add lines to rebuildtree() and destroytree(), otherwise the backup will be partial.
	mkdir /$1
	sleep 1
	mkdir /$1/{boot,cdrom,dev,etc,home,host,media,mnt,opt,proc,root,run,srv,sys,tmp,usr,var}
	cd /$1
	ln -s usr/bin bin
	ln -s usr/sbin sbin
	ln -s usr/lib lib
	ln -s usr/lib32 lib32
	ln -s usr/lib64 lib64
	ln -s usr/libx32 libx32
	cd -
	for i in /home/*; do
		if [ -d $i ]; then
			mkdir "/$1/media/${i#/home/}"
			chmod 750 "/$1/media/${i#/home/}"
			grep ${i#/home/} /etc/passwd | awk -F':' '{print $3":"$4}' | xargs -i chown {} "/$1/media/${i#/home/}"
		fi
	done
	for i in `cat /etc/fstab | grep media | cut -s -d " " -f 2`; do
		mkdir -p /$1$i;
	done
	chmod ug+rwx,o+rwt /$1/tmp
	sleep 1
	mount --bind /boot /$1/boot
	mount --bind /etc /$1/etc
	mount --bind /home /$1/home
	mount --bind /opt /$1/opt
	mount --bind /root /$1/root
	mount --bind /usr /$1/usr
	mount --bind /var /$1/var
	mount --bind /srv /$1/srv
}

destroytree(){
	umount -l /$1/opt
	umount -l /$1/srv
	umount -l /$1/var
	umount -l /$1/root
	umount -l /$1/usr
	umount -l /$1/home
	umount -l /$1/etc
	umount -l /$1/boot
	rm -rf /$1
}


dequotepath(){ # If drag n drop from nautilus into terminal, the additional single quotes should be removed first.
	local tmpath="$*"
	[ "${tmpath#\'}" != "$tmpath" ] && [ "${tmpath%\'}" != "$tmpath" ] && { tmpath="${tmpath#\'}"; tmpath="${tmpath%\'}"; }
	echo "$tmpath"
}

checkbackupdir(){
	[ "${1#/}" = "$1" ] && { echored "You must specify the absolute path"; exit 1; }
	[ -d "$*" ] || { echored "$* does not exist, or is not a directory"; exit 1; }
#	[ `ls -A "$*" | wc -l` = 0 ] || { echored "$* is not empty"; exit 1; }
}


dobackup(){
	bindingdir=`make_new /tmp/bind`
	if [ ! -z $BACKUPDIR ]; then
		if [ -e $BACKUPDIR ]; then
			BACKUPDIR="`dequotepath "$BACKUPDIR"`"
			BACKUPDIR=`echo $BACKUPDIR | sed 's/ /\\ /g'`
			checkbackupdir "$BACKUPDIR"
			backupdir=$BACKUPDIR
		else
			backupdir=`make_new /tmp/backup-$today`
		fi
	else
		backupdir=`make_new /tmp/backup-$today`
	fi

	bindingdir="${bindingdir#/}"
	backupdir="${backupdir#/}"
	packagecheck
	patchcheck
	echored "You are about to backup your system. It is recommended that you quit all open applications now. Continue?(y/n)"
	read yn
	[ "$yn" != "y" ] && exit 1

	exclude=`make_new /tmp/exclude`
	echo $backupdir > $exclude
	echo $bindingdir >> $exclude
	echo etc/mtab >> $exclude
	echo etc/blkid.tab >> $exclude
	echo etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules >> $exclude
	ls /var/cache/apt/archives/partial 2>/dev/null | sed -e 's/ /\\ /g' -e 's/\(.*\)/var\/cache\/apt\/archives\/partial\/\1/g' >> $exclude
	ls /var/crash 2>/dev/null | sed -e 's/ /\\ /g' -e 's/\(.*\)/var\/crash\/\1/g' >> $exclude
	ls /var/lock 2>/dev/null | sed -e 's/ /\\ /g' -e 's/\(.*\)/var\/lock\/\1/g' >> $exclude
	ls /var/tmp 2>/dev/null | sed -e 's/ /\\ /g' -e 's/\(.*\)/var\/tmp\/\1/g' >> $exclude
	ls /var/run 2>/dev/null | sed -e 's/ /\\ /g' -e 's/\(.*\)/var\/run\/\1/g' >> $exclude
	find /var/log/ /var/lock/ /var/backups/ /var/tmp/ /var/crash/ /var/lib/ubiquity/ /var/mail/ /var/spool/ -type f 2>/dev/null | sed -e 's/^\///g' -e 's/ /\\ /g' >> $exclude
	find /var -type f -name "*.deb" | sed -e 's/^\///g' -e 's/ /\\ /g' >> $exclude
	find /var -type f -name "*.log*" | sed -e 's/^\///g' -e 's/ /\\ /g' >> $exclude
	find /var -type f -name "*.pid" | sed -e 's/^\///g' -e 's/ /\\ /g' >> $exclude
	find /var -type f -name "*.bak" | sed -e 's/^\///g' -e 's/ /\\ /g' >> $exclude
	find /var -type f -name "*.[0-9].gz" | sed -e 's/^\///g' -e 's/ /\\ /g' >> $exclude
	find /var -type f -name "kdecache*" | sed -e 's/^\///g' -e 's/ /\\ /g' >> $exclude
	find /var/lib/apt/lists/ /var/lib/app-info/yaml/ -type f 2>/dev/null | sed -e 's/^\///g' -e 's/ /\\ /g' >> $exclude
	for i in /home/* /root; do
		rm -rf "${i}"/.sudo_as_admin_successful
		rm -rf "${i}"/"System Volume Information"
		echo "${i#/}"/System\\ Volume\\ Information >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.sudo_as_admin_successful >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.gvfs >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cache >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.thumbnails >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.local/share/gvfs-metadata >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.local/gvfs-metadata >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.local/share/Trash >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.bash_history >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.bash_logout >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.Rhistory >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.gvfs >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.config/baidunetdisk/Cache >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.config/baidunetdisk/Session\\ Storage >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.config/baidunetdisk/GPUCache >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.config/baidunetdisk/Local\\ Storage >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.config/baidunetdisk/crash\\ logs >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.config/baidunetdisk/Crash\\ Reports >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.config/baidunetdisk/Code\\ Cache >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.config/baidunetdisk/blob_storage >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.config/google-chrome/Crash\\ Reports >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.config/google-chrome/GrShaderCache >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.config/google-chrome/Default/History >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.config/google-chrome/Default/Media\\ History >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/R >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.local/share/Kingsoft/daemon >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/c:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/d:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/e:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/f:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/g:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/h:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/i:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/j:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/k:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/l:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/m:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/n:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/o:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/p:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/q:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/r:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/s:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/t:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/u:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/v:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/w:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/x:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/y:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/z:: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/f: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/g: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/h: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/i: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/j: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/k: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/l: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/m: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/n: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/o: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/p: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/q: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/r: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/s: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/t: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/u: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/v: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/w: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/x: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.cxoffice/Common/dosdevices/y: >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.vboxclient-clipboard.pid >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.vboxclient-display-svga-x11.pid >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.vboxclient-draganddrop.pid >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.vboxclient-seamless.pid >> $exclude
		echo "${i#/}"/.ssh >> $exclude
		ls $i/Downloads/ 2>/dev/null | sed -e 's/ /\\ /g' | xargs -i echo ${i#/}"/Downloads/"{} >> $exclude
		ls $i/Documents/ 2>/dev/null | sed -e 's/ /\\ /g' | xargs -i echo ${i#/}"/Documents/"{} >> $exclude
		ls $i/Desktop/ 2>/dev/null | sed -e 's/ /\\ /g' | xargs -i echo ${i#/}"/Desktop/"{} >> $exclude
		ls $i/Movies/ 2>/dev/null | sed -e 's/ /\\ /g' | xargs -i echo ${i#/}"/Movies/"{} >> $exclude
		ls $i/Music/ 2>/dev/null | sed -e 's/ /\\ /g' | xargs -i echo ${i#/}"/Music/"{} >> $exclude
		ls $i/Pictures/ 2>/dev/null | sed -e 's/ /\\ /g' | xargs -i echo ${i#/}"/Pictures/"{} >> $exclude
		ls $i/Public/ 2>/dev/null | sed -e 's/ /\\ /g' | xargs -i echo ${i#/}"/Public/"{} >> $exclude
	done
	find /home /root -type f -name "*-journal" | sed -e 's/^\///g' -e 's/ /\\ /g' >> $exclude
	find /home /root -type f -name "*.bak" | sed -e 's/^\///g' -e 's/ /\\ /g' >> $exclude
	find /home /root -type f -name "*.old" | sed -e 's/^\///g' -e 's/ /\\ /g' >> $exclude
	find /home /root -type f -name "*.log" | sed -e 's/^\///g' -e 's/ /\\ /g' >> $exclude
	find /home /root -type s | sed -e 's/^\///g' -e 's/ /\\ /g' >> $exclude
	echo var/lib/dbus/machine-id >> $exclude
	echo lost+found >> $exclude
	echo boot/lost+found >> $exclude
	echo home/lost+found >> $exclude
	echo tmp/lost+found >> $exclude
	echo usr/lost+found >> $exclude
	echo var/lost+found >> $exclude
	echo srv/lost+found >> $exclude
	echo opt/lost+found >> $exclude
	echo usr/local/lost+found >> $exclude
	echo usr/share/applications/wps-office-prometheus.desktop >> $exclude
	echo usr/share/applications/htop.desktop >> $exclude
	echo usr/share/applications/lftp.desktop >> $exclude
	echo usr/share/applications/display-im6.q16.desktop >> $exclude
	echo usr/share/applications/R.desktop >> $exclude
	echo usr/share/applications/mpv.desktop >> $exclude
	echo usr/share/applications/lstopo.desktop >> $exclude
	echo etc/xdg/mimeapps.list >> $exclude # remove silly WPS Office file type binding
	for i in `swapon -s | grep file | cut -d " " -f 1`; do echo "${i#/}" >> $exclude; done
	cat $exclude | sort | uniq > $exclude"-uniq"
	mv $exclude"-uniq" $exclude

	echored "(For advanced users only) Specify other files/folders you want to exclude from the backup, one file/folder per line. You can drag and drop from Nautilus. End with an empty line.\nNote that the program has automatically excluded all removable media, windows partitions, manually mounted devices, files under /proc, /sys, /tmp, the /host contents of a wubi install, etc. So in most cases you can just hit enter now.\nIf you exclude important system files/folders, the backup will fail to restore."
	read ex
	while [ "$ex" != "" ]; do
	ex=`dequotepath "$ex"`
	[ "${ex#/}" = "$ex" ] && { echo "You must specify the absolute path"; read ex; continue; }
	[ -e "$ex" ] || { echo "$ex does not exist"; read ex; continue; }
	ex="${ex#/}"
	echo $ex >> $exclude
	read ex
	done

	rebuildtree $bindingdir


	echored "Start to backup?(y/n)"
	read yn
	[ "$yn" != "y" ] && { destroytree $bindingdir; rm $exclude; exit 1; }
	stime=`date`
	mkdir -p "/$backupdir"
	SQUASHFSOPTS="-no-recovery -always-use-fragments -b 1M -noappend"
	mksquashfs /$bindingdir "/$backupdir/backup$today.squashfs" $SQUASHFSOPTS -ef $exclude
	destroytree $bindingdir
	echored "Your backup is ready in /$backupdir :)"
	echored " started at: $stime\nfinished at: `date`"
	tput bel
	rm -rf $exclude
}




echohelp(){
	echo "Generic Debian/Ubuntu Linux Live System Backup, Copyright (c) 2021 blicker
This program can backup your running Linux system to a compressed, bootable squashfs file.

Usage:
sudo $mypath -b			Backup current running system to `make_new /tmp/backup-$today`"/"
sudo $mypath -b /mnt/sdb2		Backup current running system to /mnt/sdb2/
sudo $mypath -h			View help.

You can specify where to save the backup, files/folders you want to exclude from the backup.
You don't need to umount external media, windows partitions, or any manually mounted partitions. They will be automatically ignored. Therefore you can save the backup to external media, windows partitions, etc.
Waring: You must make sure you have enough space to save the backup.

The squashfs file can boot directly using GNU grub:

 menuentry \"GNU/Linux in SQUASHFS IMAGE (Live CD mode, read only)\" {
		set gfxpayload=keep
		insmod probe
		insmod squash4
		set file="`make_new /backup$today.squashfs`"
		search --no-floppy -f --set=SFSROOT  \$file
		probe -u --set=SFSUUID \${SFSROOT}
		loopback loop (\${SFSROOT})/\$file
		set root=\${SFSROOT}
		linux (loop)/boot/vmlinuz root=UUID=\${SFSUUID} squashfs=\$file rw apparmor=0 quiet splash locale=en_US.UTF-8 acpi_backlight=vendor
		initrd (loop)/boot/initrd.img
 }

Or you can manually restore it to a physical HD partion or a disk image file:

 MOUNT YOUR HD PARTITION OR DISK IMAGE FILE (eg. /VirtualBox/linux.vhd ) TO /mnt,
 cd /mnt
 sudo unsquashfs `make_new /backup$today.squashfs`
 sudo mv squashfs-root/* ./
 sudo rm -rf squashfs-root

EDIT fstab, change the root file system type and root partition UUID:

 sudo vi ./etc/fstab

And boot from it (GNU grub). Here is an example of booting from a VHD file:

 menuentry \"GNU/Linux in VHD IMAGE (Hard disk mode, read and write)\" {
		set gfxpayload=keep
		insmod probe
		set file="/VirtualBox/linux.vhd"
		search --no-floppy -f --set=SFSROOT  \$file
		set root=\${SFSROOT}
		probe -u --set=SFSUUID \${SFSROOT}
		loopback loop (\${SFSROOT})/\$file
		linux (loop,msdos1)/boot/vmlinuz root=UUID=\${SFSUUID} kloop=\$file kroot=/dev/mapper/loop0p1 rw apparmor=0 quiet splash locale=en_US.UTF-8 acpi_backlight=vendor
		initrd (loop,msdos1)/boot/initrd.img
" | more
}

echousage(){
	echo "Usage:
sudo $mypath -b			Backup current running system to `make_new /tmp/backup-$today`"/"
sudo $mypath -b /mnt/sdb2		Backup current running system to /mnt/sdb2/
sudo $mypath -h			View help."
}

today=`date +%d.%m.%Y`
version="V3.2, Dec 25, 2021"
OPTION=$1
BACKUPDIR=$2
if [ "`id -u`" == 0 ]; then
	if [ ! -z $OPTION ]; then
		case $OPTION in
			-h|--help)
				echohelp
				exit 0
				;;
			-b)
				dobackup
				exit 0
				;;
			*)
				echousage
				exit 1
				;;
		esac
	else
		echousage
		exit 1
	fi
else
	echo "Root privileges are required. Try \"sudo $0 $@\"".
	exit 1
fi