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HTML.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-zebra-design-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-0 vector-feature-client-preferences-disabled vector-feature-client-prefs-pinned-disabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>HTML - Wikipedia</title>
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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"});
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=codex-search-styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.pygments%2CwikimediaBadges%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.zebra.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022">
<script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script>
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022">
<meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.42.0-wmf.10">
<meta name="referrer" content="origin">
<meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin">
<meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard">
<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg/1200px-HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg.png">
<meta property="og:image:width" content="1200">
<meta property="og:image:height" content="1200">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg/800px-HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg.png">
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<meta property="og:image:height" content="800">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg/640px-HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg.png">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=1000">
<meta property="og:title" content="HTML - Wikipedia">
<meta property="og:type" content="website">
<link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org">
<link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 720px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png">
<link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico">
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/opensearch_desc.php" title="Wikipedia (en)">
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<link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML">
<link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">
<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom">
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" />
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org">
</head>
<body class="skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-HTML rootpage-HTML skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a>
<div class="vector-header-container">
<header class="vector-header mw-header">
<div class="vector-header-start">
<nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site" role="navigation">
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<input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" >
<label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span>
<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span>
</label>
<div class="vector-dropdown-content">
<div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container">
<div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element">
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<div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div>
<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button>
<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button>
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<div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" >
<div class="vector-menu-heading">
Navigation
</div>
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
<li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-sitesupport" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" title="Support us by donating to the Wikimedia Foundation"><span>Donate</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" >
<div class="vector-menu-heading">
Contribute
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<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
<li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li>
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<div class="vector-main-menu-action vector-main-menu-action-lang-alert">
<div class="vector-main-menu-action-item">
<div class="vector-main-menu-action-heading vector-menu-heading">Languages</div>
<div class="vector-main-menu-action-content vector-menu-content">
<div class="mw-message-box cdx-message cdx-message--block mw-message-box-notice cdx-message--notice vector-language-sidebar-alert"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content">Language links are at the top of the page.</div></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo">
<img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50">
<span class="mw-logo-container">
<img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;">
<img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;">
</span>
</a>
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<div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box">
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<span>Search</span>
</a>
<div class="vector-typeahead-search-container">
<div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width">
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<h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2>
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<div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div>
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<li id="toc-History"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span>History</div>
</a>
<button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
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<li id="toc-Development"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span>Development</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-HTML_version_timeline"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HTML_version_timeline">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span>HTML version timeline</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-HTML_version_timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
<li id="toc-HTML_2"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HTML_2">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span>HTML 2</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-HTML_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-HTML_3"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HTML_3">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span>HTML 3</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-HTML_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
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<li id="toc-HTML_4"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HTML_4">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span>HTML 4</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-HTML_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
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<li id="toc-HTML_5"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HTML_5">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span>HTML 5</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-HTML_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
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</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-HTML_draft_version_timeline"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HTML_draft_version_timeline">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span>HTML draft version timeline</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-HTML_draft_version_timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
<li id="toc-XHTML_versions"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XHTML_versions">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span>XHTML versions</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-XHTML_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Transition_of_HTML_Publication_to_WHATWG"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transition_of_HTML_Publication_to_WHATWG">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span>Transition of HTML Publication to WHATWG</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Transition_of_HTML_Publication_to_WHATWG-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Markup"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Markup">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span>Markup</div>
</a>
<button aria-controls="toc-Markup-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
<span class="vector-icon vector-icon--x-small mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span>
<span>Toggle Markup subsection</span>
</button>
<ul id="toc-Markup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
<li id="toc-Elements"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elements">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span>Elements</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Elements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
<li id="toc-Element_examples"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Element_examples">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span>Element examples</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Element_examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
<li id="toc-Headings"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Headings">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1.1</span>Headings</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Headings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Line_breaks"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Line_breaks">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1.2</span>Line breaks</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Line_breaks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Inputs"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inputs">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1.3</span>Inputs</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Inputs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
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<li id="toc-Attributes"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attributes">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span>Attributes</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Attributes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
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</ul>
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<li id="toc-Character_and_entity_references"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Character_and_entity_references">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span>Character and entity references</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Character_and_entity_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Data_types"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_types">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span>Data types</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Data_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Document_type_declaration"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Document_type_declaration">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span>Document type declaration</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Document_type_declaration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
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</li>
<li id="toc-Semantic_HTML"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Semantic_HTML">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span>Semantic HTML</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Semantic_HTML-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Delivery"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delivery">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span>Delivery</div>
</a>
<button aria-controls="toc-Delivery-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
<span class="vector-icon vector-icon--x-small mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span>
<span>Toggle Delivery subsection</span>
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<ul id="toc-Delivery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
<li id="toc-HTTP"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HTTP">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span>HTTP</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-HTTP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-HTML_e-mail"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HTML_e-mail">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span>HTML e-mail</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-HTML_e-mail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Naming_conventions"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naming_conventions">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span>Naming conventions</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Naming_conventions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-HTML_Application"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HTML_Application">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span>HTML Application</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-HTML_Application-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-HTML4_variations"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HTML4_variations">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span>HTML4 variations</div>
</a>
<button aria-controls="toc-HTML4_variations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
<span class="vector-icon vector-icon--x-small mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span>
<span>Toggle HTML4 variations subsection</span>
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<ul id="toc-HTML4_variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
<li id="toc-SGML-based_versus_XML-based_HTML"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SGML-based_versus_XML-based_HTML">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span>SGML-based versus XML-based HTML</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-SGML-based_versus_XML-based_HTML-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Transitional_versus_strict"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transitional_versus_strict">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span>Transitional versus strict</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Transitional_versus_strict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Frameset_versus_transitional"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frameset_versus_transitional">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span>Frameset versus transitional</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Frameset_versus_transitional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Summary_of_specification_versions"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary_of_specification_versions">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span>Summary of specification versions</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Summary_of_specification_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-WHATWG_HTML_versus_HTML5"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#WHATWG_HTML_versus_HTML5">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span>WHATWG HTML versus HTML5</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-WHATWG_HTML_versus_HTML5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-WYSIWYG_editors"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#WYSIWYG_editors">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span>WYSIWYG editors</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-WYSIWYG_editors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-See_also"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span>See also</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-References"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span>References</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-External_links"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span>External links</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">HTML</span></h1>
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<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">132 languages</span>
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<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oferwrit_mearc_gereord" title="Oferwrit mearc gereord – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82" title="لغة توصيف النص الفائق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9A_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2" title="এইচ টি এম এল – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%86%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="اچتیامال – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2" title="এইচটিএমএল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Min Nan Chinese" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper_Text_Markup_Language" title="Hyper Text Markup Language – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Markup_Language" title="Hypertext Markup Language – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Markup_Language" title="Hypertext Markup Language – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%86%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="اچتیامال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Markup_Language" title="Hypertext Markup Language – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DA%86.%D8%AA%D9%8A.%D8%A6%D9%85.%D8%A6%D9%84" title="ئچ.تي.ئم.ئل – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2" title="एचटीएमएल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_markup_language" title="Hypertext markup language – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ჰიპერტექსტური მარკირების ენა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Markup_Language" title="Hypertext Markup Language – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2" title="एचटिएमएल – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Markup_Language" title="Hypertext Markup Language – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D.%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%82.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BD." title="എച്.ടി.എം.എൽ. – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A.%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80.%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE.%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2." title="एच.टी.एम.एल. – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D8%AA%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84" title="اتش تى ام ال – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Min Dong Chinese" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperText_Markup_Language" title="HyperText Markup Language – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2" title="एचटिएमएल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D" title="एच टी एम् एल् – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperText_Markup_Language" title="HyperText Markup Language – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%9A.%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80.%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%AE.%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%B2" title="ਐਚ.ਟੀ.ਐਮ.ਐਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperText_Markup_Language" title="HyperText Markup Language – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A" title="එච්ටීඑම්එල් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%BE%D8%B1_%D9%BD%D9%8A%DA%AA%D8%B3%D9%BD_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AA_%D8%A7%D9%BE_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AC" title="هائپر ٽيڪسٽ مارڪ اپ لينگويج – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertextov%C3%BD_zna%C4%8Dkov%C3%BD_jazyk" title="Hypertextový značkový jazyk – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%DA%86_%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%85_%D8%A6%DB%8E%DA%B5" title="ئێچ تی ئێم ئێڵ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="மீயுரைக் குறியிடு மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="เอชทีเอ็มแอล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%86_%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="ایچ ٹی ایم ایل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Wu Chinese" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">HyperText Markup Language</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">".htm" and ".html" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/HTM_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="HTM (disambiguation)">HTM</a>.</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom:0.15em;">HTML<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nowrap">(HyperText Markup Language)</span></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg/120px-HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg/180px-HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg/240px-HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The official logo of the latest version, <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extension</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><code>.html</code></li><li><code>.htm</code></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Media_type" title="Media type">Internet media type</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><div class="monospaced">
text/HTML</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Type_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Type code">Type code</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">TEXT</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Type_Identifier" title="Uniform Type Identifier">Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">public.html</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Developed by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C; formerly)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">1993<span class="noprint">; 30 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1993</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/">Living Standard</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type of format</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Document_file_format" title="Document file format">Document file format</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Digital_container_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital container format">Container for</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/HTML_elements" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML elements">HTML elements</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Contained by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Web browser</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Extended from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language" title="Standard Generalized Markup Language">SGML</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Extended to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Open_file_format" title="Open file format">Open format</a>?</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/">html<wbr />.spec<wbr />.whatwg<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1045330069">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">HTML</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_HTML" title="Dynamic HTML">Dynamic HTML</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Article_element" title="Article element">article</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/HTML5_audio" title="HTML5 audio">audio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Canvas_element" title="Canvas element">canvas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/HTML5_video" title="HTML5 video">video</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/XHTML_Basic" title="XHTML Basic">Basic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/XHTML_Mobile_Profile" title="XHTML Mobile Profile">Mobile Profile</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/HTML_element" title="HTML element">HTML element</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meta_element" title="Meta element">meta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Div_and_span" title="Div and span">div and span</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Blink_element" title="Blink element">blink</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marquee_element" title="Marquee element">marquee</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/HTML_attribute" title="HTML attribute">HTML attribute</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt_attribute" title="Alt attribute">alt attribute</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frame_(World_Wide_Web)" title="Frame (World Wide Web)">HTML frame</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/HTML_editor" title="HTML editor">HTML editor</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Character_encodings_in_HTML" title="Character encodings in HTML">Character encodings</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">named characters</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_and_HTML" title="Unicode and HTML">Unicode</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Language_code" title="Language code">Language code</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">Document Object Model</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Browser_Object_Model" title="Browser Object Model">Browser Object Model</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Style_sheet_(web_development)" title="Style sheet (web development)">Style sheets</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Font_family_(HTML)" title="Font family (HTML)">Font family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Web_colors" title="Web colors">Web colors</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebCL" title="WebCL">WebCL</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Web3D" title="Web3D">Web3D</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebGL" title="WebGL">WebGL</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Markup_Validation_Service" title="W3C Markup Validation Service">Validator</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Quirks_mode" title="Quirks mode">Quirks mode</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Browser_engine" title="Browser engine">Rendering engine</a></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">
Comparisons</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_document_markup_languages" title="Comparison of document markup languages">Document markup languages</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_browser_engines" title="Comparison of browser engines">Comparison of browser engines</a></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:HTML" title="Template:HTML"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:HTML" title="Template talk:HTML"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:HTML" title="Special:EditPage/Template:HTML"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>The <b>HyperText Markup Language</b> or <b>HTML</b> is the standard <a href="/wiki/Markup_language" title="Markup language">markup language</a> for documents designed to be displayed in a <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a>. It defines the content and structure of <a href="/wiki/Web_content" title="Web content">web content</a>. It is often assisted by technologies such as <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">Cascading Style Sheets</a> (CSS) and <a href="/wiki/Scripting_language" title="Scripting language">scripting languages</a> such as <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>.
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Web browsers</a> receive HTML documents from a <a href="/wiki/Web_server" title="Web server">web server</a> or from local storage and <a href="/wiki/Browser_engine" title="Browser engine">render</a> the documents into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a <a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">web page</a> <a href="/wiki/Semantic_Web" title="Semantic Web">semantically</a> and originally included cues for its appearance.
</p><p><a href="/wiki/HTML_element" title="HTML element">HTML elements</a> are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML constructs, <a href="/wiki/HTML_element#Images_and_objects" title="HTML element">images</a> and other objects such as <a href="/wiki/Fieldset" class="mw-redirect" title="Fieldset">interactive forms</a> may be embedded into the rendered page. HTML provides a means to create <a href="/wiki/Structured_document" title="Structured document">structured documents</a> by denoting structural <a href="/wiki/Semantics" title="Semantics">semantics</a> for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, <a href="/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">links</a>, quotes, and other items. HTML elements are delineated by <i>tags</i>, written using <a href="/wiki/Bracket#Angle_brackets" title="Bracket">angle brackets</a>. Tags such as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" id="" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">img</span><span class="p">></span></code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" id="" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">input</span><span class="p">></span></code> directly introduce content into the page. Other tags such as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" id="" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">></span></code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" id="" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">></span></code> surround and provide information about document text and may include sub-element tags. Browsers do not display the HTML tags but use them to interpret the content of the page.
</p><p>HTML can embed programs written in a <a href="/wiki/Scripting_language" title="Scripting language">scripting language</a> such as <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>, which affects the behavior and content of web pages. The inclusion of CSS defines the look and layout of content. The <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C), former maintainer of the HTML and current maintainer of the CSS standards, has encouraged the use of CSS over explicit presentational HTML since 1997.<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HTML&action=edit">[update]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-deprecated_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deprecated-2">[2]</a></sup> A form of HTML, known as <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a>, is used to display video and audio, primarily using the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" id="" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">canvas</span><span class="p">></span></code> element, together with JavaScript.
</p>
<meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" />
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Development">Development</span></h3>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tim_Berners-Lee_April_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of Tim Berners-Lee in April 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Tim_Berners-Lee_April_2009.jpg/170px-Tim_Berners-Lee_April_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Tim_Berners-Lee_April_2009.jpg/255px-Tim_Berners-Lee_April_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Tim_Berners-Lee_April_2009.jpg/340px-Tim_Berners-Lee_April_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1195" data-file-height="1648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> in April 2009</figcaption></figure>
<p>In 1980, <a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">physicist</a> <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a>, a contractor at <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a>, proposed and prototyped <a href="/wiki/ENQUIRE" title="ENQUIRE">ENQUIRE</a>, a system for CERN researchers to use and share documents. In 1989, Berners-Lee wrote a memo proposing an <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">hypertext</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> Berners-Lee specified HTML and wrote the browser and server software in late 1990. That year, Berners-Lee and CERN <a href="/wiki/Data_system" title="Data system">data systems</a> engineer <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cailliau" title="Robert Cailliau">Robert Cailliau</a> collaborated on a joint request for funding, but the project was not formally adopted by CERN. In his personal notes of 1990, Berners-Lee listed "some of the many areas in which hypertext is used"; an <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia">encyclopedia</a> is the first entry.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p><p>The first publicly available description of HTML was a document called "HTML Tags",<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> first mentioned on the Internet by Tim Berners-Lee in late 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-tagshtml_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tagshtml-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> It describes 18 elements comprising the initial, relatively simple design of HTML. Except for the hyperlink tag, these were strongly influenced by <a href="/wiki/SGMLguid" title="SGMLguid">SGMLguid</a>, an in-house <a href="/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language" title="Standard Generalized Markup Language">Standard Generalized Markup Language</a> (SGML)-based documentation format at CERN. Eleven of these elements still exist in HTML 4.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup>
</p><p>HTML is a <a href="/wiki/Markup_language" title="Markup language">markup language</a> that <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</a> use to interpret and <a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">compose</a> text, images, and other material into visible or audible web pages. Default characteristics for every item of HTML markup are defined in the browser, and these characteristics can be altered or enhanced by the web page designer's additional use of <a href="/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</a>. Many of the text elements are mentioned in the 1988 ISO technical report TR 9537 <i>Techniques for using SGML</i>, which describes the features of early text formatting languages such as that used by the <a href="/wiki/TYPSET_and_RUNOFF" title="TYPSET and RUNOFF">RUNOFF command</a> developed in the early 1960s for the <a href="/wiki/Compatible_Time-Sharing_System" title="Compatible Time-Sharing System">CTSS</a> (Compatible Time-Sharing System) operating system. These formatting commands were derived from the commands used by typesetters to manually format documents. However, the SGML concept of generalized markup is based on elements (nested annotated ranges with attributes) rather than merely print effects, with separate structure and markup. HTML has been progressively moved in this direction with CSS.
</p><p>Berners-Lee considered HTML to be an application of SGML. It was formally defined as such by the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> (IETF) with the mid-1993 publication of the first proposal for an HTML specification, the "Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)" Internet Draft by Berners-Lee and <a href="/wiki/Dan_Connolly_(computer_scientist)" title="Dan Connolly (computer scientist)">Dan Connolly</a>, which included an SGML <a href="/wiki/Document_type_definition" title="Document type definition">Document type definition</a> to define the syntax.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> The draft expired after six months, but was notable for its acknowledgment of the <a href="/wiki/Mosaic_(web_browser)" title="Mosaic (web browser)">NCSA Mosaic</a> browser's custom tag for embedding in-line images, reflecting the IETF's philosophy of basing standards on successful prototypes. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Raggett" title="Dave Raggett">Dave Raggett</a>'s competing Internet Draft, "HTML+ (Hypertext Markup Format)", from late 1993, suggested standardizing already-implemented features like tables and fill-out forms.<sup id="cite_ref-html+_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-html+-11">[11]</a></sup>
</p><p>After the HTML and HTML+ drafts expired in early 1994, the IETF created an HTML Working Group. In 1995, this working group completed "HTML 2.0", the first HTML specification intended to be treated as a standard against which future implementations should be based.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup>
</p><p>Further development under the auspices of the IETF was stalled by competing interests. Since 1996,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HTML&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the HTML specifications have been maintained, with input from commercial software vendors, by the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C).<sup id="cite_ref-raggett_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-raggett-13">[13]</a></sup> In 2000, HTML became an international standard (<a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>/<a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a> 15445:2000). HTML 4.01 was published in late 1999, with further errata published through 2001. In 2004, development began on HTML5 in the <a href="/wiki/Web_Hypertext_Application_Technology_Working_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group">Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group</a> (WHATWG), which became a joint deliverable with the W3C in 2008, and was completed and standardized on 28 October 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="HTML_version_timeline">HTML version timeline</span></h3>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="HTML_2">HTML 2</span></h4>
<dl><dd><dl><dt>November 24, 1995</dt>
<dd>HTML 2.0 was published as <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1133582631">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1866">1866</a>. Supplemental <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFCs</a> added capabilities:
<ul><li>November 25, 1995: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1867">1867</a> (form-based file upload)</li>
<li>May 1996: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1942">1942</a> (tables)</li>
<li>August 1996: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1980">1980</a> (client-side image maps)</li>
<li>January 1997: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2070">2070</a> (<a href="/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization" title="Internationalization and localization">internationalization</a>)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="HTML_3">HTML 3</span></h4>
<dl><dd><dl><dt>January 14, 1997</dt>
<dd>HTML 3.2<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> was published as a <a href="/wiki/W3C_Recommendation" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C Recommendation">W3C Recommendation</a>. It was the first version developed and standardized exclusively by the W3C, as the IETF had closed its HTML Working Group on September 12, 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup></dd>
<dd>Initially code-named "Wilbur",<sup id="cite_ref-engelfriet_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-engelfriet-17">[17]</a></sup> HTML 3.2 dropped math formulas entirely, reconciled overlap among various proprietary extensions and adopted most of <a href="/wiki/Netscape" title="Netscape">Netscape</a>'s visual markup tags. Netscape's <a href="/wiki/Blink_element" title="Blink element">blink element</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Marquee_element" title="Marquee element">marquee element</a> were omitted due to a mutual agreement between the two companies.<sup id="cite_ref-raggett_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-raggett-13">[13]</a></sup> A markup for mathematical formulas similar to that of HTML was standardized 14 months later in <a href="/wiki/MathML" title="MathML">MathML</a>.</dd></dl></dd></dl>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="HTML_4">HTML 4</span></h4>
<dl><dd><dl><dt>December 18, 1997</dt>
<dd>HTML 4.0<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> was published as a W3C Recommendation. It offers three variations:
<ul><li>Strict, in which deprecated elements are forbidden</li>
<li>Transitional, in which deprecated elements are allowed</li>
<li>Frameset, in which mostly only <a href="/wiki/Framing_(World_Wide_Web)" class="mw-redirect" title="Framing (World Wide Web)">frame</a> related elements are allowed.</li></ul></dd>
<dd>Initially code-named "Cougar",<sup id="cite_ref-engelfriet_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-engelfriet-17">[17]</a></sup> HTML 4.0 adopted many browser-specific element types and attributes, but also sought to phase out Netscape's visual markup features by marking them as <a href="/wiki/Deprecation" title="Deprecation">deprecated</a> in favor of style sheets. HTML 4 is an SGML application conforming to ISO 8879 – SGML.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup></dd>
<dt>April 24, 1998</dt>
<dd>HTML 4.0<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> was reissued with minor edits without incrementing the version number.</dd>
<dt>December 24, 1999</dt>
<dd>HTML 4.01<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> was published as a W3C Recommendation. It offers the same three variations as HTML 4.0 and its last errata<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> were published on May 12, 2001.</dd>
<dt>May 2000</dt>
<dd>ISO/IEC 15445:2000<sup id="cite_ref-iso-html_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iso-html-23">[23]</a></sup> ("<a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> HTML", based on HTML 4.01 Strict) was published as an ISO/IEC international standard.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> In the ISO, this standard is in the domain of the <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_34" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34">ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34</a> (ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1, Subcommittee 34 – Document description and processing languages).<sup id="cite_ref-iso-html_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iso-html-23">[23]</a></sup></dd>
<dd>After HTML 4.01, there were no new versions of HTML for many years, as the development of the parallel, XML-based language XHTML occupied the W3C's HTML Working Group.</dd></dl></dd></dl>