bucket.py

# Copyright (c) 2006-2010 Mitch Garnaat http://garnaat.org/
# Copyright (c) 2010, Eucalyptus Systems, Inc.
# All rights reserved.
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, dis-
# tribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
# persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the fol-
# lowing conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
# in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
# OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABIL-
# ITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
# SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, 
# WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.

import boto
from boto import handler
from boto.resultset import ResultSet
from boto.exception import BotoClientError
from boto.s3.acl import Policy, CannedACLStrings, Grant
from boto.s3.key import Key
from boto.s3.prefix import Prefix
from boto.s3.deletemarker import DeleteMarker
from boto.s3.multipart import MultiPartUpload
from boto.s3.multipart import CompleteMultiPartUpload
from boto.s3.multidelete import MultiDeleteResult
from boto.s3.multidelete import Error
from boto.s3.bucketlistresultset import BucketListResultSet
from boto.s3.bucketlistresultset import VersionedBucketListResultSet
from boto.s3.bucketlistresultset import MultiPartUploadListResultSet
from boto.s3.lifecycle import Lifecycle
from boto.s3.bucketlogging import BucketLogging
import boto.jsonresponse
import boto.utils
import xml.sax
import xml.sax.saxutils
import StringIO
import urllib
import re
import base64
from collections import defaultdict

# as per http://goo.gl/BDuud (02/19/2011)
class S3WebsiteEndpointTranslate:
    trans_region = defaultdict(lambda :'s3-website-us-east-1')

    trans_region['eu-west-1'] = 's3-website-eu-west-1'
    trans_region['us-west-1'] = 's3-website-us-west-1'
    trans_region['us-west-2'] = 's3-website-us-west-2'
    trans_region['sa-east-1'] = 's3-website-sa-east-1'
    trans_region['ap-northeast-1'] = 's3-website-ap-northeast-1'
    trans_region['ap-southeast-1'] = 's3-website-ap-southeast-1'

    @classmethod
    def translate_region(self, reg):
        return self.trans_region[reg]

S3Permissions = ['READ', 'WRITE', 'READ_ACP', 'WRITE_ACP', 'FULL_CONTROL']

class Bucket(object):

    LoggingGroup = 'http://acs.amazonaws.com/groups/s3/LogDelivery'

    BucketPaymentBody = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
       <RequestPaymentConfiguration xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">
         <Payer>%s</Payer>
       </RequestPaymentConfiguration>"""

    VersioningBody = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
       <VersioningConfiguration xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">
         <Status>%s</Status>
         <MfaDelete>%s</MfaDelete>
       </VersioningConfiguration>"""

    WebsiteBody = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      <WebsiteConfiguration xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">
        <IndexDocument><Suffix>%s</Suffix></IndexDocument>
        %s
      </WebsiteConfiguration>"""

    WebsiteErrorFragment = """<ErrorDocument><Key>%s</Key></ErrorDocument>"""

    VersionRE = '<Status>([A-Za-z]+)</Status>'
    MFADeleteRE = '<MfaDelete>([A-Za-z]+)</MfaDelete>'

    def __init__(self, connection=None, name=None, key_class=Key):
        self.name = name
        self.connection = connection
        self.key_class = key_class

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<Bucket: %s>' % self.name

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(BucketListResultSet(self))

    def __contains__(self, key_name):
        return not (self.get_key(key_name) is None)

    def startElement(self, name, attrs, connection):
        return None

    def endElement(self, name, value, connection):
        if name == 'Name':
            self.name = value
        elif name == 'CreationDate':
            self.creation_date = value
        else:
            setattr(self, name, value)

    def set_key_class(self, key_class):
        """
        Set the Key class associated with this bucket.  By default, this
        would be the boto.s3.key.Key class but if you want to subclass that
        for some reason this allows you to associate your new class with a
        bucket so that when you call bucket.new_key() or when you get a listing
        of keys in the bucket you will get an instances of your key class
        rather than the default.
        
        :type key_class: class
        :param key_class: A subclass of Key that can be more specific
        """
        self.key_class = key_class

    def lookup(self, key_name, headers=None):
        """
        Deprecated: Please use get_key method.
        
        :type key_name: string
        :param key_name: The name of the key to retrieve
        
        :rtype: :class:`boto.s3.key.Key`
        :returns: A Key object from this bucket.
        """
        return self.get_key(key_name, headers=headers)
        
    def get_key(self, key_name, headers=None, version_id=None, response_headers=None):
        """
        Check to see if a particular key exists within the bucket.  This
        method uses a HEAD request to check for the existance of the key.
        Returns: An instance of a Key object or None
        
        :type key_name: string
        :param key_name: The name of the key to retrieve

        :type response_headers: dict
        :param response_headers: A dictionary containing HTTP headers/values
                                 that will override any headers associated with
                                 the stored object in the response.
                                 See http://goo.gl/EWOPb for details.
        
        :rtype: :class:`boto.s3.key.Key`
        :returns: A Key object from this bucket.
        """
        query_args = []
        if version_id:
            query_args.append('versionId=%s' % version_id)
        if response_headers:
            for rk, rv in response_headers.iteritems():
                query_args.append('%s=%s' % (rk, urllib.quote(rv)))
        if query_args:
            query_args = '&'.join(query_args)
        else:
            query_args = None
        response = self.connection.make_request('HEAD', self.name, key_name,
                                                headers=headers,
                                                query_args=query_args)
        response.read()
        # Allow any success status (2xx) - for example this lets us
        # support Range gets, which return status 206:
        if response.status/100 == 2:
            k = self.key_class(self)
            provider = self.connection.provider
            k.metadata = boto.utils.get_aws_metadata(response.msg, provider)
            k.etag = response.getheader('etag')
            k.content_type = response.getheader('content-type')
            k.content_encoding = response.getheader('content-encoding')
            k.content_disposition = response.getheader('content-disposition')
            k.last_modified = response.getheader('last-modified')
            # the following machinations are a workaround to the fact that
            # apache/fastcgi omits the content-length header on HEAD
            # requests when the content-length is zero.
            # See http://goo.gl/0Tdax for more details.
            clen = response.getheader('content-length')
            if clen:
                k.size = int(response.getheader('content-length'))
            else:
                k.size = 0
            k.cache_control = response.getheader('cache-control')
            k.name = key_name
            k.handle_version_headers(response)
            k.handle_encryption_headers(response)
            return k
        else:
            if response.status == 404:
                return None
            else:
                raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                    response.status, response.reason, '')

    def list(self, prefix='', delimiter='', marker='', headers=None):
        """
        List key objects within a bucket.  This returns an instance of an
        BucketListResultSet that automatically handles all of the result
        paging, etc. from S3.  You just need to keep iterating until
        there are no more results.
        
        Called with no arguments, this will return an iterator object across
        all keys within the bucket.

        The Key objects returned by the iterator are obtained by parsing
        the results of a GET on the bucket, also known as the List Objects
        request.  The XML returned by this request contains only a subset
        of the information about each key.  Certain metadata fields such
        as Content-Type and user metadata are not available in the XML.
        Therefore, if you want these additional metadata fields you will
        have to do a HEAD request on the Key in the bucket.
        
        :type prefix: string
        :param prefix: allows you to limit the listing to a particular
                        prefix.  For example, if you call the method with
                        prefix='/foo/' then the iterator will only cycle
                        through the keys that begin with the string '/foo/'.
                        
        :type delimiter: string
        :param delimiter: can be used in conjunction with the prefix
                        to allow you to organize and browse your keys
                        hierarchically. See:
                        http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AmazonS3/2006-03-01/
                        for more details.
                        
        :type marker: string
        :param marker: The "marker" of where you are in the result set
        
        :rtype: :class:`boto.s3.bucketlistresultset.BucketListResultSet`
        :return: an instance of a BucketListResultSet that handles paging, etc
        """
        return BucketListResultSet(self, prefix, delimiter, marker, headers)

    def list_versions(self, prefix='', delimiter='', key_marker='',
                      version_id_marker='', headers=None):
        """
        List version objects within a bucket.  This returns an instance of an
        VersionedBucketListResultSet that automatically handles all of the result
        paging, etc. from S3.  You just need to keep iterating until
        there are no more results.
        Called with no arguments, this will return an iterator object across
        all keys within the bucket.
        
        :type prefix: string
        :param prefix: allows you to limit the listing to a particular
                        prefix.  For example, if you call the method with
                        prefix='/foo/' then the iterator will only cycle
                        through the keys that begin with the string '/foo/'.
                        
        :type delimiter: string
        :param delimiter: can be used in conjunction with the prefix
                        to allow you to organize and browse your keys
                        hierarchically. See:
                        http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AmazonS3/2006-03-01/
                        for more details.
                        
        :type marker: string
        :param marker: The "marker" of where you are in the result set
        
        :rtype: :class:`boto.s3.bucketlistresultset.BucketListResultSet`
        :return: an instance of a BucketListResultSet that handles paging, etc
        """
        return VersionedBucketListResultSet(self, prefix, delimiter, key_marker,
                                            version_id_marker, headers)

    def list_multipart_uploads(self, key_marker='',
                               upload_id_marker='',
                               headers=None):
        """
        List multipart upload objects within a bucket.  This returns an
        instance of an MultiPartUploadListResultSet that automatically
        handles all of the result paging, etc. from S3.  You just need
        to keep iterating until there are no more results.
        
        :type marker: string
        :param marker: The "marker" of where you are in the result set
        
        :rtype: :class:`boto.s3.bucketlistresultset.BucketListResultSet`
        :return: an instance of a BucketListResultSet that handles paging, etc
        """
        return MultiPartUploadListResultSet(self, key_marker,
                                            upload_id_marker,
                                            headers)

    def _get_all(self, element_map, initial_query_string='',
                 headers=None, **params):
        l = []
        for k, v in params.items():
            k = k.replace('_', '-')
            if  k == 'maxkeys':
                k = 'max-keys'
            if isinstance(v, unicode):
                v = v.encode('utf-8')
            if v is not None and v != '':
                l.append('%s=%s' % (urllib.quote(k), urllib.quote(str(v))))
        if len(l):
            s = initial_query_string + '&' + '&'.join(l)
        else:
            s = initial_query_string
        response = self.connection.make_request('GET', self.name,
                                                headers=headers,
                                                query_args=s)
        body = response.read()
        boto.log.debug(body)
        if response.status == 200:
            rs = ResultSet(element_map)
            h = handler.XmlHandler(rs, self)
            xml.sax.parseString(body, h)
            return rs
        else:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)

    def get_all_keys(self, headers=None, **params):
        """
        A lower-level method for listing contents of a bucket.
        This closely models the actual S3 API and requires you to manually
        handle the paging of results.  For a higher-level method
        that handles the details of paging for you, you can use the list method.
        
        :type max_keys: int
        :param max_keys: The maximum number of keys to retrieve
        
        :type prefix: string
        :param prefix: The prefix of the keys you want to retrieve
        
        :type marker: string
        :param marker: The "marker" of where you are in the result set
        
        :type delimiter: string 
        :param delimiter: If this optional, Unicode string parameter
                          is included with your request, then keys that
                          contain the same string between the prefix and
                          the first occurrence of the delimiter will be
                          rolled up into a single result element in the
                          CommonPrefixes collection. These rolled-up keys
                          are not returned elsewhere in the response.

        :rtype: ResultSet
        :return: The result from S3 listing the keys requested
        
        """
        return self._get_all([('Contents', self.key_class),
                              ('CommonPrefixes', Prefix)],
                             '', headers, **params)

    def get_all_versions(self, headers=None, **params):
        """
        A lower-level, version-aware method for listing contents of a bucket.
        This closely models the actual S3 API and requires you to manually
        handle the paging of results.  For a higher-level method
        that handles the details of paging for you, you can use the list method.
        
        :type max_keys: int
        :param max_keys: The maximum number of keys to retrieve
        
        :type prefix: string
        :param prefix: The prefix of the keys you want to retrieve
        
        :type key_marker: string
        :param key_marker: The "marker" of where you are in the result set
                           with respect to keys.
        
        :type version_id_marker: string
        :param version_id_marker: The "marker" of where you are in the result
                                  set with respect to version-id's.
        
        :type delimiter: string 
        :param delimiter: If this optional, Unicode string parameter
                          is included with your request, then keys that
                          contain the same string between the prefix and
                          the first occurrence of the delimiter will be
                          rolled up into a single result element in the
                          CommonPrefixes collection. These rolled-up keys
                          are not returned elsewhere in the response.

        :rtype: ResultSet
        :return: The result from S3 listing the keys requested
        
        """
        return self._get_all([('Version', self.key_class),
                              ('CommonPrefixes', Prefix),
                              ('DeleteMarker', DeleteMarker)],
                             'versions', headers, **params)

    def get_all_multipart_uploads(self, headers=None, **params):
        """
        A lower-level, version-aware method for listing active
        MultiPart uploads for a bucket.  This closely models the
        actual S3 API and requires you to manually handle the paging
        of results.  For a higher-level method that handles the
        details of paging for you, you can use the list method.
        
        :type max_uploads: int
        :param max_uploads: The maximum number of uploads to retrieve.
                            Default value is 1000.
        
        :type key_marker: string
        :param key_marker: Together with upload_id_marker, this parameter
                           specifies the multipart upload after which listing
                           should begin.  If upload_id_marker is not specified,
                           only the keys lexicographically greater than the
                           specified key_marker will be included in the list.

                           If upload_id_marker is specified, any multipart
                           uploads for a key equal to the key_marker might
                           also be included, provided those multipart uploads
                           have upload IDs lexicographically greater than the
                           specified upload_id_marker.
        
        :type upload_id_marker: string
        :param upload_id_marker: Together with key-marker, specifies
                                 the multipart upload after which listing
                                 should begin. If key_marker is not specified,
                                 the upload_id_marker parameter is ignored.
                                 Otherwise, any multipart uploads for a key
                                 equal to the key_marker might be included
                                 in the list only if they have an upload ID
                                 lexicographically greater than the specified
                                 upload_id_marker.

        
        :rtype: ResultSet
        :return: The result from S3 listing the uploads requested
        
        """
        return self._get_all([('Upload', MultiPartUpload),
                              ('CommonPrefixes', Prefix)],
                             'uploads', headers, **params)

    def new_key(self, key_name=None):
        """
        Creates a new key
        
        :type key_name: string
        :param key_name: The name of the key to create
        
        :rtype: :class:`boto.s3.key.Key` or subclass
        :returns: An instance of the newly created key object
        """
        return self.key_class(self, key_name)

    def generate_url(self, expires_in, method='GET', headers=None,
                     force_http=False, response_headers=None,
                     expires_in_absolute=False):
        return self.connection.generate_url(expires_in, method, self.name,
                                            headers=headers,
                                            force_http=force_http,
                                            response_headers=response_headers,
                                            expires_in_absolute=expires_in_absolute)

    def delete_keys(self, keys, quiet=False, mfa_token=None, headers=None):
        """
        Deletes a set of keys using S3's Multi-object delete API. If a
        VersionID is specified for that key then that version is removed.
        Returns a MultiDeleteResult Object, which contains Deleted
        and Error elements for each key you ask to delete.
        
        :type keys: list
        :param keys: A list of either key_names or (key_name, versionid) pairs
                     or a list of Key instances.

        :type quiet: boolean
        :param quiet: In quiet mode the response includes only keys where
                      the delete operation encountered an error. For a
                      successful deletion, the operation does not return
                      any information about the delete in the response body.

        :type mfa_token: tuple or list of strings
        :param mfa_token: A tuple or list consisting of the serial number
                          from the MFA device and the current value of
                          the six-digit token associated with the device.
                          This value is required anytime you are
                          deleting versioned objects from a bucket
                          that has the MFADelete option on the bucket.

        :returns: An instance of MultiDeleteResult
        """
        ikeys = iter(keys)
        result = MultiDeleteResult(self)
        provider = self.connection.provider
        query_args = 'delete'
        def delete_keys2(hdrs):
            hdrs = hdrs or {}
            data = u"""<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>"""
            data += u"<Delete>"
            if quiet:
                data += u"<Quiet>true</Quiet>"
            count = 0
            while count < 1000:
                try:
                    key = ikeys.next()
                except StopIteration:
                    break
                if isinstance(key, basestring):
                    key_name = key
                    version_id = None
                elif isinstance(key, tuple) and len(key) == 2:
                    key_name, version_id = key
                elif (isinstance(key, Key) or isinstance(key, DeleteMarker)) and key.name:
                    key_name = key.name
                    version_id = key.version_id
                else:
                    if isinstance(key, Prefix):
                        key_name = key.name
                        code = 'PrefixSkipped'   # Don't delete Prefix
                    else:
                        key_name = repr(key)     # try get a string
                        code = 'InvalidArgument' # other unknown type
                    message = 'Invalid. No delete action taken for this object.'
                    error = Error(key_name, code=code, message=message)
                    result.errors.append(error)
                    continue
                count += 1
                #key_name = key_name.decode('utf-8')
                data += u"<Object><Key>%s</Key>" % xml.sax.saxutils.escape(key_name)
                if version_id:
                    data += u"<VersionId>%s</VersionId>" % version_id
                data += u"</Object>"
            data += u"</Delete>"
            if count <= 0:
                return False # no more
            data = data.encode('utf-8')
            fp = StringIO.StringIO(data)
            md5 = boto.utils.compute_md5(fp)
            hdrs['Content-MD5'] = md5[1]
            hdrs['Content-Type'] = 'text/xml'
            if mfa_token:
                hdrs[provider.mfa_header] = ' '.join(mfa_token)
            response = self.connection.make_request('POST', self.name,
                                                    headers=hdrs,
                                                    query_args=query_args,
                                                    data=data)
            body = response.read()
            if response.status == 200:
                h = handler.XmlHandler(result, self)
                xml.sax.parseString(body, h)
                return count >= 1000 # more?
            else:
                raise provider.storage_response_error(response.status,
                                                      response.reason,
                                                      body)
        while delete_keys2(headers):
            pass
        return result

    def delete_key(self, key_name, headers=None,
                   version_id=None, mfa_token=None):
        """
        Deletes a key from the bucket.  If a version_id is provided,
        only that version of the key will be deleted.
        
        :type key_name: string
        :param key_name: The key name to delete

        :type version_id: string
        :param version_id: The version ID (optional)
        
        :type mfa_token: tuple or list of strings
        :param mfa_token: A tuple or list consisting of the serial number
                          from the MFA device and the current value of
                          the six-digit token associated with the device.
                          This value is required anytime you are
                          deleting versioned objects from a bucket
                          that has the MFADelete option on the bucket.

        :rtype: :class:`boto.s3.key.Key` or subclass
        :returns: A key object holding information on what was deleted.
                  The Caller can see if a delete_marker was created or
                  removed and what version_id the delete created or removed.
        """
        provider = self.connection.provider
        if version_id:
            query_args = 'versionId=%s' % version_id
        else:
            query_args = None
        if mfa_token:
            if not headers:
                headers = {}
            headers[provider.mfa_header] = ' '.join(mfa_token)
        response = self.connection.make_request('DELETE', self.name, key_name,
                                                headers=headers,
                                                query_args=query_args)
        body = response.read()
        if response.status != 204:
            raise provider.storage_response_error(response.status,
                                                  response.reason, body)
        else:
            # return a key object with information on what was deleted.
            k = self.key_class(self)
            k.name = key_name
            k.handle_version_headers(response)
            return k

    def copy_key(self, new_key_name, src_bucket_name,
                 src_key_name, metadata=None, src_version_id=None,
                 storage_class='STANDARD', preserve_acl=False,
                 encrypt_key=False, headers=None, query_args=None):
        """
        Create a new key in the bucket by copying another existing key.

        :type new_key_name: string
        :param new_key_name: The name of the new key

        :type src_bucket_name: string
        :param src_bucket_name: The name of the source bucket

        :type src_key_name: string
        :param src_key_name: The name of the source key

        :type src_version_id: string
        :param src_version_id: The version id for the key.  This param
                               is optional.  If not specified, the newest
                               version of the key will be copied.

        :type metadata: dict
        :param metadata: Metadata to be associated with new key.
                         If metadata is supplied, it will replace the
                         metadata of the source key being copied.
                         If no metadata is supplied, the source key's
                         metadata will be copied to the new key.

        :type storage_class: string
        :param storage_class: The storage class of the new key.
                              By default, the new key will use the
                              standard storage class.  Possible values are:
                              STANDARD | REDUCED_REDUNDANCY

        :type preserve_acl: bool
        :param preserve_acl: If True, the ACL from the source key
                             will be copied to the destination
                             key.  If False, the destination key
                             will have the default ACL.
                             Note that preserving the ACL in the
                             new key object will require two
                             additional API calls to S3, one to
                             retrieve the current ACL and one to
                             set that ACL on the new object.  If
                             you don't care about the ACL, a value
                             of False will be significantly more
                             efficient.

        :type encrypt_key: bool
        :param encrypt_key: If True, the new copy of the object will
                            be encrypted on the server-side by S3 and
                            will be stored in an encrypted form while
                            at rest in S3.

        :type headers: dict
        :param headers: A dictionary of header name/value pairs.

        :type query_args: string
        :param query_args: A string of additional querystring arguments
                           to append to the request

        :rtype: :class:`boto.s3.key.Key` or subclass
        :returns: An instance of the newly created key object
        """
        headers = headers or {}
        provider = self.connection.provider
        src_key_name = boto.utils.get_utf8_value(src_key_name)
        if preserve_acl:
            if self.name == src_bucket_name:
                src_bucket = self
            else:
                src_bucket = self.connection.get_bucket(src_bucket_name)
            acl = src_bucket.get_xml_acl(src_key_name)
        if encrypt_key:
            headers[provider.server_side_encryption_header] = 'AES256'
        src = '%s/%s' % (src_bucket_name, urllib.quote(src_key_name))
        if src_version_id:
            src += '?versionId=%s' % src_version_id
        headers[provider.copy_source_header] = str(src)
        # make sure storage_class_header key exists before accessing it
        if provider.storage_class_header and storage_class:
            headers[provider.storage_class_header] = storage_class
        if metadata:
            headers[provider.metadata_directive_header] = 'REPLACE'
            headers = boto.utils.merge_meta(headers, metadata, provider)
        elif not query_args: # Can't use this header with multi-part copy.
            headers[provider.metadata_directive_header] = 'COPY'
        response = self.connection.make_request('PUT', self.name, new_key_name,
                                                headers=headers,
                                                query_args=query_args)
        body = response.read()
        if response.status == 200:
            key = self.new_key(new_key_name)
            h = handler.XmlHandler(key, self)
            xml.sax.parseString(body, h)
            if hasattr(key, 'Error'):
                raise provider.storage_copy_error(key.Code, key.Message, body)
            key.handle_version_headers(response)
            if preserve_acl:
                self.set_xml_acl(acl, new_key_name)
            return key
        else:
            raise provider.storage_response_error(response.status,
                                                  response.reason, body)

    def set_canned_acl(self, acl_str, key_name='', headers=None,
                       version_id=None):
        assert acl_str in CannedACLStrings

        if headers:
            headers[self.connection.provider.acl_header] = acl_str
        else:
            headers={self.connection.provider.acl_header: acl_str}

        query_args = 'acl'
        if version_id:
            query_args += '&versionId=%s' % version_id
        response = self.connection.make_request('PUT', self.name, key_name,
                headers=headers, query_args=query_args)
        body = response.read()
        if response.status != 200:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)

    def get_xml_acl(self, key_name='', headers=None, version_id=None):
        query_args = 'acl'
        if version_id:
            query_args += '&versionId=%s' % version_id
        response = self.connection.make_request('GET', self.name, key_name,
                                                query_args=query_args,
                                                headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        if response.status != 200:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)
        return body

    def set_xml_acl(self, acl_str, key_name='', headers=None, version_id=None,
                    query_args='acl'):
        if version_id:
            query_args += '&versionId=%s' % version_id
        response = self.connection.make_request('PUT', self.name, key_name,
                                                data=acl_str.encode('ISO-8859-1'),
                                                query_args=query_args,
                                                headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        if response.status != 200:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)

    def set_acl(self, acl_or_str, key_name='', headers=None, version_id=None):
        if isinstance(acl_or_str, Policy):
            self.set_xml_acl(acl_or_str.to_xml(), key_name,
                             headers, version_id)
        else:
            self.set_canned_acl(acl_or_str, key_name,
                                headers, version_id)

    def get_acl(self, key_name='', headers=None, version_id=None):
        query_args = 'acl'
        if version_id:
            query_args += '&versionId=%s' % version_id
        response = self.connection.make_request('GET', self.name, key_name,
                                                query_args=query_args,
                                                headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        if response.status == 200:
            policy = Policy(self)
            h = handler.XmlHandler(policy, self)
            xml.sax.parseString(body, h)
            return policy
        else:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)

    def set_subresource(self, subresource, value, key_name = '', headers=None,
                        version_id=None):
        """
        Set a subresource for a bucket or key.

        :type subresource: string
        :param subresource: The subresource to set.

        :type value: string
        :param value: The value of the subresource.

        :type key_name: string
        :param key_name: The key to operate on, or None to operate on the
                         bucket.

        :type headers: dict
        :param headers: Additional HTTP headers to include in the request.

        :type src_version_id: string
        :param src_version_id: Optional. The version id of the key to operate
                               on. If not specified, operate on the newest
                               version.
        """
        if not subresource:
            raise TypeError('set_subresource called with subresource=None')
        query_args = subresource
        if version_id:
            query_args += '&versionId=%s' % version_id
        response = self.connection.make_request('PUT', self.name, key_name,
                                                data=value.encode('UTF-8'),
                                                query_args=query_args,
                                                headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        if response.status != 200:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)

    def get_subresource(self, subresource, key_name='', headers=None,
                        version_id=None):
        """
        Get a subresource for a bucket or key.

        :type subresource: string
        :param subresource: The subresource to get.

        :type key_name: string
        :param key_name: The key to operate on, or None to operate on the
                         bucket.

        :type headers: dict
        :param headers: Additional HTTP headers to include in the request.

        :type src_version_id: string
        :param src_version_id: Optional. The version id of the key to operate
                               on. If not specified, operate on the newest
                               version.

        :rtype: string
        :returns: The value of the subresource.
        """
        if not subresource:
            raise TypeError('get_subresource called with subresource=None')
        query_args = subresource
        if version_id:
            query_args += '&versionId=%s' % version_id
        response = self.connection.make_request('GET', self.name, key_name,
                                                query_args=query_args,
                                                headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        if response.status != 200:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)
        return body

    def make_public(self, recursive=False, headers=None):
        self.set_canned_acl('public-read', headers=headers)
        if recursive:
            for key in self:
                self.set_canned_acl('public-read', key.name, headers=headers)

    def add_email_grant(self, permission, email_address,
                        recursive=False, headers=None):
        """
        Convenience method that provides a quick way to add an email grant
        to a bucket. This method retrieves the current ACL, creates a new
        grant based on the parameters passed in, adds that grant to the ACL
        and then PUT's the new ACL back to S3.
        
        :type permission: string
        :param permission: The permission being granted. Should be one of:
                           (READ, WRITE, READ_ACP, WRITE_ACP, FULL_CONTROL).
        
        :type email_address: string
        :param email_address: The email address associated with the AWS
                              account your are granting the permission to.
        
        :type recursive: boolean
        :param recursive: A boolean value to controls whether the command
                          will apply the grant to all keys within the bucket
                          or not.  The default value is False.  By passing a
                          True value, the call will iterate through all keys
                          in the bucket and apply the same grant to each key.
                          CAUTION: If you have a lot of keys, this could take
                          a long time!
        """
        if permission not in S3Permissions:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_permissions_error(
                'Unknown Permission: %s' % permission)
        policy = self.get_acl(headers=headers)
        policy.acl.add_email_grant(permission, email_address)
        self.set_acl(policy, headers=headers)
        if recursive:
            for key in self:
                key.add_email_grant(permission, email_address, headers=headers)

    def add_user_grant(self, permission, user_id, recursive=False,
                       headers=None, display_name=None):
        """
        Convenience method that provides a quick way to add a canonical
        user grant to a bucket.  This method retrieves the current ACL,
        creates a new grant based on the parameters passed in, adds that
        grant to the ACL and then PUT's the new ACL back to S3.
        
        :type permission: string
        :param permission: The permission being granted. Should be one of:
                           (READ, WRITE, READ_ACP, WRITE_ACP, FULL_CONTROL).
        
        :type user_id: string
        :param user_id:     The canonical user id associated with the AWS
                            account your are granting the permission to.
                            
        :type recursive: boolean
        :param recursive: A boolean value to controls whether the command
                          will apply the grant to all keys within the bucket
                          or not.  The default value is False.  By passing a
                          True value, the call will iterate through all keys
                          in the bucket and apply the same grant to each key.
                          CAUTION: If you have a lot of keys, this could take
                          a long time!
                          
        :type display_name: string
        :param display_name: An option string containing the user's
                             Display Name.  Only required on Walrus.
        """
        if permission not in S3Permissions:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_permissions_error(
                'Unknown Permission: %s' % permission)
        policy = self.get_acl(headers=headers)
        policy.acl.add_user_grant(permission, user_id,
                                  display_name=display_name)
        self.set_acl(policy, headers=headers)
        if recursive:
            for key in self:
                key.add_user_grant(permission, user_id, headers=headers,
                                   display_name=display_name)

    def list_grants(self, headers=None):
        policy = self.get_acl(headers=headers)
        return policy.acl.grants

    def get_location(self):
        """
        Returns the LocationConstraint for the bucket.

        :rtype: str
        :return: The LocationConstraint for the bucket or the empty
                 string if no constraint was specified when bucket
                 was created.
        """
        response = self.connection.make_request('GET', self.name,
                                                query_args='location')
        body = response.read()
        if response.status == 200:
            rs = ResultSet(self)
            h = handler.XmlHandler(rs, self)
            xml.sax.parseString(body, h)
            return rs.LocationConstraint
        else:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)

    def set_xml_logging(self, logging_str, headers=None):
        """
        Set logging on a bucket directly to the given xml string.

        :type logging_str: unicode string
        :param logging_str: The XML for the bucketloggingstatus which will be set.
                            The string will be converted to utf-8 before it is sent.
                            Usually, you will obtain this XML from the BucketLogging
                            object.

        :rtype: bool
        :return: True if ok or raises an exception.
        """
        body = logging_str.encode('utf-8')
        response = self.connection.make_request('PUT', self.name, data=body,
                query_args='logging', headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        if response.status == 200:
            return True
        else:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)
        
    def enable_logging(self, target_bucket, target_prefix='', grants=None, headers=None):
        """
        Enable logging on a bucket.

        :type target_bucket: bucket or string
        :param target_bucket: The bucket to log to.

        :type target_prefix: string
        :param target_prefix: The prefix which should be prepended to the 
                              generated log files written to the target_bucket.

        :type grants: list of Grant objects
        :param grants: A list of extra permissions which will be granted on
                       the log files which are created.

        :rtype: bool
        :return: True if ok or raises an exception.
        """
        if isinstance(target_bucket, Bucket):
            target_bucket = target_bucket.name
        blogging = BucketLogging(target=target_bucket, prefix=target_prefix, grants=grants)
        return self.set_xml_logging(blogging.to_xml(), headers=headers)
 
    def disable_logging(self, headers=None):
        """
        Disable logging on a bucket.

        :rtype: bool
        :return: True if ok or raises an exception.
        """
        blogging = BucketLogging()
        return self.set_xml_logging(blogging.to_xml(), headers=headers)

    def get_logging_status(self, headers=None):
        """
        Get the logging status for this bucket.

        :rtype: :class:`boto.s3.bucketlogging.BucketLogging`
        :return: A BucketLogging object for this bucket.
        """
        response = self.connection.make_request('GET', self.name,
                query_args='logging', headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        if response.status == 200:
            blogging = BucketLogging()
            h = handler.XmlHandler(blogging, self)
            xml.sax.parseString(body, h)
            return blogging
        else:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)

    def set_as_logging_target(self, headers=None):
        """
        Setup the current bucket as a logging target by granting the necessary
        permissions to the LogDelivery group to write log files to this bucket.
        """
        policy = self.get_acl(headers=headers)
        g1 = Grant(permission='WRITE', type='Group', uri=self.LoggingGroup)
        g2 = Grant(permission='READ_ACP', type='Group', uri=self.LoggingGroup)
        policy.acl.add_grant(g1)
        policy.acl.add_grant(g2)
        self.set_acl(policy, headers=headers)

    def get_request_payment(self, headers=None):
        response = self.connection.make_request('GET', self.name,
                query_args='requestPayment', headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        if response.status == 200:
            return body
        else:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)

    def set_request_payment(self, payer='BucketOwner', headers=None):
        body = self.BucketPaymentBody % payer
        response = self.connection.make_request('PUT', self.name, data=body,
                query_args='requestPayment', headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        if response.status == 200:
            return True
        else:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)
        
    def configure_versioning(self, versioning, mfa_delete=False,
                             mfa_token=None, headers=None):
        """
        Configure versioning for this bucket.
        
        ..note:: This feature is currently in beta.
                 
        :type versioning: bool
        :param versioning: A boolean indicating whether version is
                           enabled (True) or disabled (False).

        :type mfa_delete: bool
        :param mfa_delete: A boolean indicating whether the Multi-Factor
                           Authentication Delete feature is enabled (True)
                           or disabled (False).  If mfa_delete is enabled
                           then all Delete operations will require the
                           token from your MFA device to be passed in
                           the request.

        :type mfa_token: tuple or list of strings
        :param mfa_token: A tuple or list consisting of the serial number
                          from the MFA device and the current value of
                          the six-digit token associated with the device.
                          This value is required when you are changing
                          the status of the MfaDelete property of
                          the bucket.
        """
        if versioning:
            ver = 'Enabled'
        else:
            ver = 'Suspended'
        if mfa_delete:
            mfa = 'Enabled'
        else:
            mfa = 'Disabled'
        body = self.VersioningBody % (ver, mfa)
        if mfa_token:
            if not headers:
                headers = {}
            provider = self.connection.provider
            headers[provider.mfa_header] = ' '.join(mfa_token)
        response = self.connection.make_request('PUT', self.name, data=body,
                query_args='versioning', headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        if response.status == 200:
            return True
        else:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)
        
    def get_versioning_status(self, headers=None):
        """
        Returns the current status of versioning on the bucket.

        :rtype: dict
        :returns: A dictionary containing a key named 'Versioning'
                  that can have a value of either Enabled, Disabled,
                  or Suspended. Also, if MFADelete has ever been enabled
                  on the bucket, the dictionary will contain a key
                  named 'MFADelete' which will have a value of either
                  Enabled or Suspended.
        """
        response = self.connection.make_request('GET', self.name,
                query_args='versioning', headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        boto.log.debug(body)
        if response.status == 200:
            d = {}
            ver = re.search(self.VersionRE, body)
            if ver:
                d['Versioning'] = ver.group(1)
            mfa = re.search(self.MFADeleteRE, body)
            if mfa:
                d['MfaDelete'] = mfa.group(1)
            return d
        else:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)

    def configure_lifecycle(self, lifecycle_config, headers=None):
        """
        Configure lifecycle for this bucket.
        
        :type lifecycle_config: :class:`boto.s3.lifecycle.Lifecycle`
        :param lifecycle_config: The lifecycle configuration you want
            to configure for this bucket.
        """
        fp = StringIO.StringIO(lifecycle_config.to_xml())
        md5 = boto.utils.compute_md5(fp)
        if headers is None:
            headers = {}
        headers['Content-MD5'] = md5[1]
        headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/xml'
        response = self.connection.make_request('PUT', self.name,
                                                data=fp.getvalue(),
                                                query_args='lifecycle',
                                                headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        if response.status == 200:
            return True
        else:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)
        
    def get_lifecycle_config(self, headers=None):
        """
        Returns the current lifecycle configuration on the bucket.

        :rtype: :class:`boto.s3.lifecycle.Lifecycle`
        :returns: A LifecycleConfig object that describes all current
            lifecycle rules in effect for the bucket.
        """
        response = self.connection.make_request('GET', self.name,
                query_args='lifecycle', headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        boto.log.debug(body)
        if response.status == 200:
            lifecycle = Lifecycle()
            h = handler.XmlHandler(lifecycle, self)
            xml.sax.parseString(body, h)
            return lifecycle
        else:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)

    def delete_lifecycle_configuration(self, headers=None):
        """
        Removes all lifecycle configuration from the bucket.
        """
        response = self.connection.make_request('DELETE', self.name,
                                                query_args='lifecycle',
                                                headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        boto.log.debug(body)
        if response.status == 204:
            return True
        else:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)

    def configure_website(self, suffix, error_key='', headers=None):
        """
        Configure this bucket to act as a website

        :type suffix: str
        :param suffix: Suffix that is appended to a request that is for a
                       "directory" on the website endpoint (e.g. if the suffix
                       is index.html and you make a request to
                       samplebucket/images/ the data that is returned will
                       be for the object with the key name images/index.html).
                       The suffix must not be empty and must not include a
                       slash character.

        :type error_key: str
        :param error_key: The object key name to use when a 4XX class
                          error occurs.  This is optional.

        """
        if error_key:
            error_frag = self.WebsiteErrorFragment % error_key
        else:
            error_frag = ''
        body = self.WebsiteBody % (suffix, error_frag)
        response = self.connection.make_request('PUT', self.name, data=body,
                                                query_args='website',
                                                headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        if response.status == 200:
            return True
        else:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)
        
    def get_website_configuration(self, headers=None):
        """
        Returns the current status of website configuration on the bucket.

        :rtype: dict
        :returns: A dictionary containing a Python representation
                  of the XML response from S3. The overall structure is:

        * WebsiteConfiguration

          * IndexDocument

            * Suffix : suffix that is appended to request that
              is for a "directory" on the website endpoint
            * ErrorDocument

              * Key : name of object to serve when an error occurs
        """
        response = self.connection.make_request('GET', self.name,
                query_args='website', headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        boto.log.debug(body)
        if response.status == 200:
            e = boto.jsonresponse.Element()
            h = boto.jsonresponse.XmlHandler(e, None)
            h.parse(body)
            return e
        else:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)

    def delete_website_configuration(self, headers=None):
        """
        Removes all website configuration from the bucket.
        """
        response = self.connection.make_request('DELETE', self.name,
                query_args='website', headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        boto.log.debug(body)
        if response.status == 204:
            return True
        else:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)

    def get_website_endpoint(self):
        """
        Returns the fully qualified hostname to use is you want to access this
        bucket as a website.  This doesn't validate whether the bucket has
        been correctly configured as a website or not.
        """
        l = [self.name]
        l.append(S3WebsiteEndpointTranslate.translate_region(self.get_location()))
        l.append('.'.join(self.connection.host.split('.')[-2:]))
        return '.'.join(l)

    def get_policy(self, headers=None):
        """
        Returns the JSON policy associated with the bucket.  The policy
        is returned as an uninterpreted JSON string.
        """
        response = self.connection.make_request('GET', self.name,
                query_args='policy', headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        if response.status == 200:
            return body
        else:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)

    def set_policy(self, policy, headers=None):
        """
        Add or replace the JSON policy associated with the bucket.

        :type policy: str
        :param policy: The JSON policy as a string.
        """
        response = self.connection.make_request('PUT', self.name,
                                                data=policy,
                                                query_args='policy',
                                                headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        if response.status >= 200 and response.status <= 204:
            return True
        else:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)

    def delete_policy(self, headers=None):
        response = self.connection.make_request('DELETE', self.name,
                                                data='/?policy',
                                                query_args='policy',
                                                headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        if response.status >= 200 and response.status <= 204:
            return True
        else:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)
        

    def initiate_multipart_upload(self, key_name, headers=None,
                                  reduced_redundancy=False,
                                  metadata=None, encrypt_key=False,
                                  policy=None):
        """
        Start a multipart upload operation.

        :type key_name: string
        :param key_name: The name of the key that will ultimately result from
                         this multipart upload operation.  This will be exactly
                         as the key appears in the bucket after the upload
                         process has been completed.

        :type headers: dict
        :param headers: Additional HTTP headers to send and store with the
                        resulting key in S3.

        :type reduced_redundancy: boolean
        :param reduced_redundancy: In multipart uploads, the storage class is
                                   specified when initiating the upload,
                                   not when uploading individual parts.  So
                                   if you want the resulting key to use the
                                   reduced redundancy storage class set this
                                   flag when you initiate the upload.

        :type metadata: dict
        :param metadata: Any metadata that you would like to set on the key
                         that results from the multipart upload.
                         
        :type encrypt_key: bool
        :param encrypt_key: If True, the new copy of the object will
                            be encrypted on the server-side by S3 and
                            will be stored in an encrypted form while
                            at rest in S3.

        :type policy: :class:`boto.s3.acl.CannedACLStrings`
        :param policy: A canned ACL policy that will be applied to the
                       new key (once completed) in S3.
        """
        query_args = 'uploads'
        provider = self.connection.provider
        headers = headers or {}
        if policy:
            headers[provider.acl_header] = policy
        if reduced_redundancy:
            storage_class_header = provider.storage_class_header
            if storage_class_header:
                headers[storage_class_header] = 'REDUCED_REDUNDANCY'
            # TODO: what if the provider doesn't support reduced redundancy?
            # (see boto.s3.key.Key.set_contents_from_file)
        if encrypt_key:
            headers[provider.server_side_encryption_header] = 'AES256'
        if metadata is None:
            metadata = {}

        headers = boto.utils.merge_meta(headers, metadata,
                self.connection.provider)
        response = self.connection.make_request('POST', self.name, key_name,
                                                query_args=query_args,
                                                headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        boto.log.debug(body)
        if response.status == 200:
            resp = MultiPartUpload(self)
            h = handler.XmlHandler(resp, self)
            xml.sax.parseString(body, h)
            return resp
        else:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)
        
    def complete_multipart_upload(self, key_name, upload_id,
                                  xml_body, headers=None):
        """
        Complete a multipart upload operation.
        """
        query_args = 'uploadId=%s' % upload_id
        if headers is None:
            headers = {}
        headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/xml'
        response = self.connection.make_request('POST', self.name, key_name,
                                                query_args=query_args,
                                                headers=headers, data=xml_body)
        contains_error = False
        body = response.read()
        # Some errors will be reported in the body of the response
        # even though the HTTP response code is 200.  This check
        # does a quick and dirty peek in the body for an error element.
        if body.find('<Error>') > 0:
            contains_error = True
        boto.log.debug(body)
        if response.status == 200 and not contains_error:
            resp = CompleteMultiPartUpload(self)
            h = handler.XmlHandler(resp, self)
            xml.sax.parseString(body, h)
            # Use a dummy key to parse various response headers
            # for versioning, encryption info and then explicitly
            # set the completed MPU object values from key.
            k = self.key_class(self)
            k.handle_version_headers(response)
            k.handle_encryption_headers(response)
            resp.version_id = k.version_id
            resp.encrypted = k.encrypted
            return resp
        else:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)
        
    def cancel_multipart_upload(self, key_name, upload_id, headers=None):
        query_args = 'uploadId=%s' % upload_id
        response = self.connection.make_request('DELETE', self.name, key_name,
                                                query_args=query_args,
                                                headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        boto.log.debug(body)
        if response.status != 204:
            raise self.connection.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)
        
    def delete(self, headers=None):
        return self.connection.delete_bucket(self.name, headers=headers)