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replacer.go
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replacer.go
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// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package caddy
import (
"fmt"
"net/http"
"os"
"path/filepath"
"runtime"
"strconv"
"strings"
"sync"
"time"
)
// NewReplacer returns a new Replacer.
func NewReplacer() *Replacer {
rep := &Replacer{
static: make(map[string]any),
mapMutex: &sync.RWMutex{},
}
rep.providers = []ReplacerFunc{
globalDefaultReplacements,
rep.fromStatic,
}
return rep
}
// NewEmptyReplacer returns a new Replacer,
// without the global default replacements.
func NewEmptyReplacer() *Replacer {
rep := &Replacer{
static: make(map[string]any),
mapMutex: &sync.RWMutex{},
}
rep.providers = []ReplacerFunc{
rep.fromStatic,
}
return rep
}
// Replacer can replace values in strings.
// A default/empty Replacer is not valid;
// use NewReplacer to make one.
type Replacer struct {
providers []ReplacerFunc
static map[string]any
mapMutex *sync.RWMutex
}
// Map adds mapFunc to the list of value providers.
// mapFunc will be executed only at replace-time.
func (r *Replacer) Map(mapFunc ReplacerFunc) {
r.providers = append(r.providers, mapFunc)
}
// Set sets a custom variable to a static value.
func (r *Replacer) Set(variable string, value any) {
r.mapMutex.Lock()
r.static[variable] = value
r.mapMutex.Unlock()
}
// Get gets a value from the replacer. It returns
// the value and whether the variable was known.
func (r *Replacer) Get(variable string) (any, bool) {
for _, mapFunc := range r.providers {
if val, ok := mapFunc(variable); ok {
return val, true
}
}
return nil, false
}
// GetString is the same as Get, but coerces the value to a
// string representation as efficiently as possible.
func (r *Replacer) GetString(variable string) (string, bool) {
s, found := r.Get(variable)
return ToString(s), found
}
// Delete removes a variable with a static value
// that was created using Set.
func (r *Replacer) Delete(variable string) {
r.mapMutex.Lock()
delete(r.static, variable)
r.mapMutex.Unlock()
}
// fromStatic provides values from r.static.
func (r *Replacer) fromStatic(key string) (any, bool) {
r.mapMutex.RLock()
defer r.mapMutex.RUnlock()
val, ok := r.static[key]
return val, ok
}
// ReplaceOrErr is like ReplaceAll, but any placeholders
// that are empty or not recognized will cause an error to
// be returned.
func (r *Replacer) ReplaceOrErr(input string, errOnEmpty, errOnUnknown bool) (string, error) {
return r.replace(input, "", false, errOnEmpty, errOnUnknown, nil)
}
// ReplaceKnown is like ReplaceAll but only replaces
// placeholders that are known (recognized). Unrecognized
// placeholders will remain in the output.
func (r *Replacer) ReplaceKnown(input, empty string) string {
out, _ := r.replace(input, empty, false, false, false, nil)
return out
}
// ReplaceAll efficiently replaces placeholders in input with
// their values. All placeholders are replaced in the output
// whether they are recognized or not. Values that are empty
// string will be substituted with empty.
func (r *Replacer) ReplaceAll(input, empty string) string {
out, _ := r.replace(input, empty, true, false, false, nil)
return out
}
// ReplaceFunc is the same as ReplaceAll, but calls f for every
// replacement to be made, in case f wants to change or inspect
// the replacement.
func (r *Replacer) ReplaceFunc(input string, f ReplacementFunc) (string, error) {
return r.replace(input, "", true, false, false, f)
}
func (r *Replacer) replace(input, empty string,
treatUnknownAsEmpty, errOnEmpty, errOnUnknown bool,
f ReplacementFunc,
) (string, error) {
if !strings.Contains(input, string(phOpen)) && !strings.Contains(input, string(phClose)) {
return input, nil
}
var sb strings.Builder
// it is reasonable to assume that the output
// will be approximately as long as the input
sb.Grow(len(input))
// iterate the input to find each placeholder
var lastWriteCursor int
// fail fast if too many placeholders are unclosed
var unclosedCount int
scan:
for i := 0; i < len(input); i++ {
// check for escaped braces
if i > 0 && input[i-1] == phEscape && (input[i] == phClose || input[i] == phOpen) {
sb.WriteString(input[lastWriteCursor : i-1])
lastWriteCursor = i
continue
}
if input[i] != phOpen {
continue
}
// our iterator is now on an unescaped open brace (start of placeholder)
// too many unclosed placeholders in absolutely ridiculous input can be extremely slow (issue #4170)
if unclosedCount > 100 {
return "", fmt.Errorf("too many unclosed placeholders")
}
// find the end of the placeholder
end := strings.Index(input[i:], string(phClose)) + i
if end < i {
unclosedCount++
continue
}
// if necessary look for the first closing brace that is not escaped
for end > 0 && end < len(input)-1 && input[end-1] == phEscape {
nextEnd := strings.Index(input[end+1:], string(phClose))
if nextEnd < 0 {
unclosedCount++
continue scan
}
end += nextEnd + 1
}
// write the substring from the last cursor to this point
sb.WriteString(input[lastWriteCursor:i])
// trim opening bracket
key := input[i+1 : end]
// try to get a value for this key, handle empty values accordingly
val, found := r.Get(key)
if !found {
// placeholder is unknown (unrecognized); handle accordingly
if errOnUnknown {
return "", fmt.Errorf("unrecognized placeholder %s%s%s",
string(phOpen), key, string(phClose))
} else if !treatUnknownAsEmpty {
// if treatUnknownAsEmpty is true, we'll handle an empty
// val later; so only continue otherwise
lastWriteCursor = i
continue
}
}
// apply any transformations
if f != nil {
var err error
val, err = f(key, val)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
}
// convert val to a string as efficiently as possible
valStr := ToString(val)
// write the value; if it's empty, either return
// an error or write a default value
if valStr == "" {
if errOnEmpty {
return "", fmt.Errorf("evaluated placeholder %s%s%s is empty",
string(phOpen), key, string(phClose))
} else if empty != "" {
sb.WriteString(empty)
}
} else {
sb.WriteString(valStr)
}
// advance cursor to end of placeholder
i = end
lastWriteCursor = i + 1
}
// flush any unwritten remainder
sb.WriteString(input[lastWriteCursor:])
return sb.String(), nil
}
// ToString returns val as a string, as efficiently as possible.
// EXPERIMENTAL: may be changed or removed later.
func ToString(val any) string {
switch v := val.(type) {
case nil:
return ""
case string:
return v
case fmt.Stringer:
return v.String()
case error:
return v.Error()
case byte:
return string(v)
case []byte:
return string(v)
case []rune:
return string(v)
case int:
return strconv.Itoa(v)
case int32:
return strconv.Itoa(int(v))
case int64:
return strconv.Itoa(int(v))
case uint:
return strconv.Itoa(int(v))
case uint32:
return strconv.Itoa(int(v))
case uint64:
return strconv.Itoa(int(v))
case float32:
return strconv.FormatFloat(float64(v), 'f', -1, 32)
case float64:
return strconv.FormatFloat(v, 'f', -1, 64)
case bool:
if v {
return "true"
}
return "false"
default:
return fmt.Sprintf("%+v", v)
}
}
// ReplacerFunc is a function that returns a replacement
// for the given key along with true if the function is able
// to service that key (even if the value is blank). If the
// function does not recognize the key, false should be
// returned.
type ReplacerFunc func(key string) (any, bool)
func globalDefaultReplacements(key string) (any, bool) {
// check environment variable
const envPrefix = "env."
if strings.HasPrefix(key, envPrefix) {
return os.Getenv(key[len(envPrefix):]), true
}
switch key {
case "system.hostname":
// OK if there is an error; just return empty string
name, _ := os.Hostname()
return name, true
case "system.slash":
return string(filepath.Separator), true
case "system.os":
return runtime.GOOS, true
case "system.wd":
// OK if there is an error; just return empty string
wd, _ := os.Getwd()
return wd, true
case "system.arch":
return runtime.GOARCH, true
case "time.now":
return nowFunc(), true
case "time.now.http":
// According to the comment for http.TimeFormat, the timezone must be in UTC
// to generate the correct format.
// https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/5773
return nowFunc().UTC().Format(http.TimeFormat), true
case "time.now.common_log":
return nowFunc().Format("02/Jan/2006:15:04:05 -0700"), true
case "time.now.year":
return strconv.Itoa(nowFunc().Year()), true
case "time.now.unix":
return strconv.FormatInt(nowFunc().Unix(), 10), true
case "time.now.unix_ms":
return strconv.FormatInt(nowFunc().UnixNano()/int64(time.Millisecond), 10), true
}
return nil, false
}
// ReplacementFunc is a function that is called when a
// replacement is being performed. It receives the
// variable (i.e. placeholder name) and the value that
// will be the replacement, and returns the value that
// will actually be the replacement, or an error. Note
// that errors are sometimes ignored by replacers.
type ReplacementFunc func(variable string, val any) (any, error)
// nowFunc is a variable so tests can change it
// in order to obtain a deterministic time.
var nowFunc = time.Now
// ReplacerCtxKey is the context key for a replacer.
const ReplacerCtxKey CtxKey = "replacer"
const phOpen, phClose, phEscape = '{', '}', '\\'