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Felix Breuer
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why

  • imperative => declarative
  • no more forgotten configs / packages

what is nix

  • pure functional

  • programming language

  • package manager

  • operating system

  • steep learning curve

  • sh <(curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install) --daemon

programming language

  • pure functional
  • lazy
let
  a = abort "will never happen";
  b = "hello";
  c = "world";
in b + c

package manager

/nix/store/5rnfzla9kcx4mj5zdc7nlnv8na1najvg-firefox-3.5.4/
  • hash of all inputs that build the package
  • no side effects
  • binaries can be linked to /etc, /bin, etc.
  • multiple versions can coexist
  • -> repeatable builds
  • -> caching
  • release channels

package example

{
  pkgs ? import (fetchTarball {
    url = "https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/archive/4fe8d07066f6ea82cda2b0c9ae7aee59b2d241b3.tar.gz";
    sha256 = "sha256:06jzngg5jm1f81sc4xfskvvgjy5bblz51xpl788mnps1wrkykfhp";
  }) {}
}:
pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation rec {
  pname = "chord";
  version = "0.1.0";

  src = pkgs.fetchgit {
    url = "https://gitlab.inria.fr/nix-tutorial/chord-tuto-nix-2022";
    rev = "069d2a5bfa4c4024063c25551d5201aeaf921cb3";
    sha256 = "sha256-MlqJOoMSRuYeG+jl8DFgcNnpEyeRgDCK2JlN9pOqBWA=";
  };

  buildInputs = [
    pkgs.simgrid
    pkgs.boost
    pkgs.cmake
  ];

  buildPhase = ''
    make
  '';

  installPhase = ''
    mkdir -p $out/bin
    mv chord $out/bin
  '';
}

nix-shell

  • nix-shell -p nodejs
  • real version pinning is hard
  • impure shell => not like a container
{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
  pkgs.mkShell {
    buildInputs = with pkgs; [
      nodejs
      # nodejs-18_x
    ];

    shellHook = ''
      export FOOBAR="hallo techday"
    '';
}

operating system

  • atomic upgrades -> old versions still exist, new versions are just linked
  • rollbacks: nix-env --list-generations // nix-env -G <generation>
  • nix-collect-garbage -d removes old generations

flakes

  • experimental feature (since ages)
  • declare inputs
  • pins inputs to lock file (e.g. channels)
  • also works for nix-shells
{
  inputs.nixpkgs.url = github:NixOS/nixpkgs;
  inputs.home-manager.url = github:nix-community/home-manager;
  
  outputs = { self, nixpkgs, ... }@inputs: {
    nixosConfigurations.mysytem = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
      system = "x86_64-linux";
      specialArgs = inputs;
      modules = [ ./configuration.nix ];
    };
  };
}
  • showtime (custom neovim)
  • update plugins
  • install ls
  • multiple neovim configs

home-manager

  • configurable modules
  • manages only your home environment
programs.zsh = {
  enable = true;
  enableAutosuggestions = true;
  enableCompletion = true;
  autocd = true;
  dotDir = ".config/zsh";

  sessionVariables = {
    EDITOR = "nvim";
    VISUAL = "nvim";
  };
};
  • showtime

getting started

# install nix
sh <(curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install)

# create template
cd ~/.config/nixpkgs
git init
echo <template> | flake.nix
git commit -am "init"
nix --experimental-features "nix-command flakes" build ".#homeConfigurations.solid.activationPackage"

# activate configuration
./result/activate

package your own neovim

  • SHOWTIME

nixery.dev

  • builds image on the fly with nix packages
  • docker pull nixery.dev/shell/git/htop
  • no more utility containers
  • shell / arm64 are meta packages