uuid.go

// Copyright (C) 2013 by Maxim Bublis <b@codemonkey.ru>
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
// a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
// permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
// the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
// LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
// OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
// WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

// Package uuid provides implementation of Universally Unique Identifier (UUID).
// Supported versions are 1, 3, 4 and 5 (as specified in RFC 4122) and
// version 2 (as specified in DCE 1.1).
package uuid

import (
	"bytes"
	"crypto/md5"
	"crypto/rand"
	"crypto/sha1"
	"encoding/binary"
	"encoding/hex"
	"fmt"
	"hash"
	"net"
	"os"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"
)

// UUID layout variants.
const (
	VariantNCS = iota
	VariantRFC4122
	VariantMicrosoft
	VariantFuture
)

// UUID DCE domains.
const (
	DomainPerson = iota
	DomainGroup
	DomainOrg
)

// Difference in 100-nanosecond intervals between
// UUID epoch (October 15, 1582) and Unix epoch (January 1, 1970).
const epochStart = 122192928000000000

// UUID v1/v2 storage.
var (
	storageMutex  sync.Mutex
	clockSequence uint16
	lastTime      uint64
	hardwareAddr  [6]byte
	posixUID      = uint32(os.Getuid())
	posixGID      = uint32(os.Getgid())
)

// Epoch calculation function
var epochFunc func() uint64

// Initialize storage
func init() {
	buf := make([]byte, 2)
	rand.Read(buf)
	clockSequence = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(buf)

	// Initialize hardwareAddr randomly in case
	// of real network interfaces absence
	rand.Read(hardwareAddr[:])

	// Set multicast bit as recommended in RFC 4122
	hardwareAddr[0] |= 0x01

	interfaces, err := net.Interfaces()
	if err == nil {
		for _, iface := range interfaces {
			if len(iface.HardwareAddr) >= 6 {
				copy(hardwareAddr[:], iface.HardwareAddr)
				break
			}
		}
	}
	epochFunc = unixTimeFunc
}

// Returns difference in 100-nanosecond intervals between
// UUID epoch (October 15, 1582) and current time.
// This is default epoch calculation function.
func unixTimeFunc() uint64 {
	return epochStart + uint64(time.Now().UnixNano()/100)
}

// UUID representation compliant with specification
// described in RFC 4122.
type UUID [16]byte

// Predefined namespace UUIDs.
var (
	NamespaceDNS, _  = FromString("6ba7b810-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8")
	NamespaceURL, _  = FromString("6ba7b811-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8")
	NamespaceOID, _  = FromString("6ba7b812-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8")
	NamespaceX500, _ = FromString("6ba7b814-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8")
)

// And returns result of binary AND of two UUIDs.
func And(u1 UUID, u2 UUID) UUID {
	u := UUID{}
	for i := 0; i < 16; i++ {
		u[i] = u1[i] & u2[i]
	}
	return u
}

// Or returns result of binary OR of two UUIDs.
func Or(u1 UUID, u2 UUID) UUID {
	u := UUID{}
	for i := 0; i < 16; i++ {
		u[i] = u1[i] | u2[i]
	}
	return u
}

// Equal returns true if u1 and u2 equals, otherwise returns false.
func Equal(u1 UUID, u2 UUID) bool {
	return bytes.Equal(u1[:], u2[:])
}

// Version returns algorithm version used to generate UUID.
func (u UUID) Version() uint {
	return uint(u[6] >> 4)
}

// Variant returns UUID layout variant.
func (u UUID) Variant() uint {
	switch {
	case (u[8] & 0x80) == 0x00:
		return VariantNCS
	case (u[8]&0xc0)|0x80 == 0x80:
		return VariantRFC4122
	case (u[8]&0xe0)|0xc0 == 0xc0:
		return VariantMicrosoft
	}
	return VariantFuture
}

// Bytes returns bytes slice representation of UUID.
func (u UUID) Bytes() []byte {
	return u[:]
}

// Returns canonical string representation of UUID:
// xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx.
func (u UUID) String() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("%x-%x-%x-%x-%x",
		u[:4], u[4:6], u[6:8], u[8:10], u[10:])
}

// SetVersion sets version bits.
func (u *UUID) SetVersion(v byte) {
	u[6] = (u[6] & 0x0f) | (v << 4)
}

// SetVariant sets variant bits as described in RFC 4122.
func (u *UUID) SetVariant() {
	u[8] = (u[8] & 0xbf) | 0x80
}

// MarshalText implements the encoding.TextMarshaler interface.
// The encoding is the same as returned by String.
func (u UUID) MarshalText() (text []byte, err error) {
	text = []byte(u.String())
	return
}

// UnmarshalText implements the encoding.TextUnmarshaler interface.
// UUID is expected in a form accepted by FromString.
func (u *UUID) UnmarshalText(text []byte) error {
	s := string(text)
	u2, err := FromString(s)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	*u = u2
	return nil
}

// MarshalBinary implements the encoding.BinaryMarshaler interface.
func (u UUID) MarshalBinary() (data []byte, err error) {
	data = u.Bytes()
	return
}

// UnmarshalBinary implements the encoding.BinaryUnmarshaler interface.
func (u *UUID) UnmarshalBinary(data []byte) error {
	u2, err := FromBytes(data)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	*u = u2
	return nil
}

// FromBytes returns UUID converted from raw byte slice input.
// It will return error if the slice isn't 16 bytes long.
func FromBytes(input []byte) (u UUID, err error) {
	if len(input) != 16 {
		err = fmt.Errorf("uuid: UUID must be exactly 16 bytes long, got %d bytes", len(input))
		return
	}

	copy(u[:], input)

	return
}

// FromString returns UUID parsed from string input.
// Following formats are supported:
// "6ba7b810-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8",
// "{6ba7b810-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8}",
// "urn:uuid:6ba7b810-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8"
func FromString(input string) (u UUID, err error) {
	s := strings.Replace(input, "-", "", -1)

	if len(s) == 41 && s[:9] == "urn:uuid:" {
		s = s[9:]
	} else if len(s) == 34 && s[0] == '{' && s[33] == '}' {
		s = s[1:33]
	}

	if len(s) != 32 {
		err = fmt.Errorf("uuid: invalid UUID string: %s", input)
		return
	}

	b := []byte(s)
	_, err = hex.Decode(u[:], b)

	return
}

// Returns UUID v1/v2 storage state.
// Returns epoch timestamp and clock sequence.
func getStorage() (uint64, uint16) {
	storageMutex.Lock()
	defer storageMutex.Unlock()

	timeNow := epochFunc()
	// Clock changed backwards since last UUID generation.
	// Should increase clock sequence.
	if timeNow <= lastTime {
		clockSequence++
	}
	lastTime = timeNow

	return timeNow, clockSequence
}

// NewV1 returns UUID based on current timestamp and MAC address.
func NewV1() UUID {
	u := UUID{}

	timeNow, clockSeq := getStorage()

	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(u[0:], uint32(timeNow))
	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(u[4:], uint16(timeNow>>32))
	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(u[6:], uint16(timeNow>>48))
	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(u[8:], clockSeq)

	copy(u[10:], hardwareAddr[:])

	u.SetVersion(1)
	u.SetVariant()

	return u
}

// NewV2 returns DCE Security UUID based on POSIX UID/GID.
func NewV2(domain byte) UUID {
	u := UUID{}

	switch domain {
	case DomainPerson:
		binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(u[0:], posixUID)
	case DomainGroup:
		binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(u[0:], posixGID)
	}

	timeNow, clockSeq := getStorage()

	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(u[4:], uint16(timeNow>>32))
	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(u[6:], uint16(timeNow>>48))
	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(u[8:], clockSeq)
	u[9] = domain

	copy(u[10:], hardwareAddr[:])

	u.SetVersion(2)
	u.SetVariant()

	return u
}

// NewV3 returns UUID based on MD5 hash of namespace UUID and name.
func NewV3(ns UUID, name string) UUID {
	u := newFromHash(md5.New(), ns, name)
	u.SetVersion(3)
	u.SetVariant()

	return u
}

// NewV4 returns random generated UUID.
func NewV4() UUID {
	u := UUID{}
	rand.Read(u[:])
	u.SetVersion(4)
	u.SetVariant()

	return u
}

// NewV5 returns UUID based on SHA-1 hash of namespace UUID and name.
func NewV5(ns UUID, name string) UUID {
	u := newFromHash(sha1.New(), ns, name)
	u.SetVersion(5)
	u.SetVariant()

	return u
}

// Returns UUID based on hashing of namespace UUID and name.
func newFromHash(h hash.Hash, ns UUID, name string) UUID {
	u := UUID{}
	h.Write(ns[:])
	h.Write([]byte(name))
	copy(u[:], h.Sum(nil))

	return u
}