to_sql.rb

require 'bigdecimal'
require 'date'

module Arel
  module Visitors
    class ToSql < Arel::Visitors::Visitor
      def initialize engine
        @engine         = engine
        @connection     = nil
        @pool           = nil
        @quoted_tables  = {}
        @quoted_columns = {}
      end

      def accept object
        Thread.current[:arel_visitors_to_sql_last_column] = nil
        @pool = @engine.connection_pool
        @pool.with_connection do |conn|
          @connection = conn
          super
        end
      end

      private
      def visit_Arel_Nodes_DeleteStatement o
        [
          "DELETE FROM #{visit o.relation}",
          ("WHERE #{o.wheres.map { |x| visit x }.join ' AND '}" unless o.wheres.empty?)
        ].compact.join ' '
      end

      # FIXME: we should probably have a 2-pass visitor for this
      def build_subselect key, o
        stmt             = Nodes::SelectStatement.new
        core             = stmt.cores.first
        core.froms       = o.relation
        core.wheres      = o.wheres
        core.projections = [key]
        stmt.limit       = o.limit
        stmt.orders      = o.orders
        stmt
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_UpdateStatement o
        if o.orders.empty? && o.limit.nil?
          wheres = o.wheres
        else
          key = o.key
          unless key
            warn(<<-eowarn) if $VERBOSE
(#{caller.first}) Using UpdateManager without setting UpdateManager#key is
deprecated and support will be removed in ARel 3.0.0.  Please set the primary
key on UpdateManager using UpdateManager#key=
            eowarn
            key = o.relation.primary_key
          end

          wheres = [Nodes::In.new(key, [build_subselect(key, o)])]
        end

        [
          "UPDATE #{visit o.relation}",
          ("SET #{o.values.map { |value| visit value }.join ', '}" unless o.values.empty?),
          ("WHERE #{wheres.map { |x| visit x }.join ' AND '}" unless wheres.empty?),
        ].compact.join ' '
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_InsertStatement o
        [
          "INSERT INTO #{visit o.relation}",

          ("(#{o.columns.map { |x|
          quote_column_name x.name
        }.join ', '})" unless o.columns.empty?),

          (visit o.values if o.values),
        ].compact.join ' '
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Exists o
        "EXISTS (#{visit o.expressions})#{
          o.alias ? " AS #{visit o.alias}" : ''}"
      end

      def table_exists? name
        @pool.table_exists? name
      end

      def column_for attr
        name    = attr.name.to_s
        table   = attr.relation.table_name

        return nil unless table_exists? table

        column_cache[table][name]
      end

      def column_cache
        @pool.columns_hash
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Values o
        "VALUES (#{o.expressions.zip(o.columns).map { |value, attr|
          if Nodes::SqlLiteral === value
            visit_Arel_Nodes_SqlLiteral value
          else
            quote(value, attr && column_for(attr))
          end
        }.join ', '})"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_SelectStatement o
        [
          (visit(o.with) if o.with),
          o.cores.map { |x| visit_Arel_Nodes_SelectCore x }.join,
          ("ORDER BY #{o.orders.map { |x| visit x }.join(', ')}" unless o.orders.empty?),
          (visit(o.limit) if o.limit),
          (visit(o.offset) if o.offset),
          (visit(o.lock) if o.lock),
        ].compact.join ' '
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_SelectCore o
        [
          "SELECT",
          (visit(o.top) if o.top),
          (visit(o.set_quantifier) if o.set_quantifier),
          ("#{o.projections.map { |x| visit x }.join ', '}" unless o.projections.empty?),
          (visit(o.source) if o.source),
          ("WHERE #{o.wheres.map { |x| visit x }.join ' AND ' }" unless o.wheres.empty?),
          ("GROUP BY #{o.groups.map { |x| visit x }.join ', ' }" unless o.groups.empty?),
          (visit(o.having) if o.having),
        ].compact.join ' '
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Bin o
        visit o.expr
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Distinct o
        'DISTINCT'
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_DistinctOn o
        raise NotImplementedError, 'DISTINCT ON not implemented for this db'
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_With o
        "WITH #{o.children.map { |x| visit x }.join(', ')}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_WithRecursive o
        "WITH RECURSIVE #{o.children.map { |x| visit x }.join(', ')}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Union o
        "( #{visit o.left} UNION #{visit o.right} )"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_UnionAll o
        "( #{visit o.left} UNION ALL #{visit o.right} )"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Intersect o
        "( #{visit o.left} INTERSECT #{visit o.right} )"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Except o
        "( #{visit o.left} EXCEPT #{visit o.right} )"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Having o
        "HAVING #{visit o.expr}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Offset o
        "OFFSET #{visit o.expr}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Limit o
        "LIMIT #{visit o.expr}"
      end

      # FIXME: this does nothing on most databases, but does on MSSQL
      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Top o
        ""
      end

      # FIXME: this does nothing on SQLLite3, but should do things on other
      # databases.
      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Lock o
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Grouping o
        "(#{visit o.expr})"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Ordering o
        "#{visit o.expr} #{o.descending? ? 'DESC' : 'ASC'}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Group o
        visit o.expr
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_NamedFunction o
        "#{o.name}(#{o.distinct ? 'DISTINCT ' : ''}#{o.expressions.map { |x|
          visit x
        }.join(', ')})#{o.alias ? " AS #{visit o.alias}" : ''}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Count o
        "COUNT(#{o.distinct ? 'DISTINCT ' : ''}#{o.expressions.map { |x|
          visit x
        }.join(', ')})#{o.alias ? " AS #{visit o.alias}" : ''}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Sum o
        "SUM(#{o.expressions.map { |x|
          visit x }.join(', ')})#{o.alias ? " AS #{visit o.alias}" : ''}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Max o
        "MAX(#{o.expressions.map { |x|
          visit x }.join(', ')})#{o.alias ? " AS #{visit o.alias}" : ''}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Min o
        "MIN(#{o.expressions.map { |x|
          visit x }.join(', ')})#{o.alias ? " AS #{visit o.alias}" : ''}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Avg o
        "AVG(#{o.expressions.map { |x|
          visit x }.join(', ')})#{o.alias ? " AS #{visit o.alias}" : ''}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_TableAlias o
        "#{visit o.relation} #{quote_table_name o.name}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Between o
        "#{visit o.left} BETWEEN #{visit o.right}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_GreaterThanOrEqual o
        "#{visit o.left} >= #{visit o.right}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_GreaterThan o
        "#{visit o.left} > #{visit o.right}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_LessThanOrEqual o
        "#{visit o.left} <= #{visit o.right}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_LessThan o
        "#{visit o.left} < #{visit o.right}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Matches o
        "#{visit o.left} LIKE #{visit o.right}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_DoesNotMatch o
        "#{visit o.left} NOT LIKE #{visit o.right}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_JoinSource o
        return unless o.left || !o.right.empty?

        [
          "FROM",
          (visit(o.left) if o.left),
          o.right.map { |j| visit j }.join(' ')
        ].compact.join ' '
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_StringJoin o
        visit o.left
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_OuterJoin o
        "LEFT OUTER JOIN #{visit o.left} #{visit o.right}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_InnerJoin o
        "INNER JOIN #{visit o.left} #{visit o.right if o.right}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_On o
        "ON #{visit o.expr}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Not o
        "NOT (#{visit o.expr})"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Table o
        if o.table_alias
          "#{quote_table_name o.name} #{quote_table_name o.table_alias}"
        else
          quote_table_name o.name
        end
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_In o
        "#{visit o.left} IN (#{visit o.right})"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_NotIn o
        "#{visit o.left} NOT IN (#{visit o.right})"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_And o
        o.children.map { |x| visit x }.join ' AND '
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Or o
        "#{visit o.left} OR #{visit o.right}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Assignment o
        right = quote(o.right, column_for(o.left))
        "#{visit o.left} = #{right}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Equality o
        right = o.right

        if right.nil?
          "#{visit o.left} IS NULL"
        else
          "#{visit o.left} = #{visit right}"
        end
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_NotEqual o
        right = o.right

        if right.nil?
          "#{visit o.left} IS NOT NULL"
        else
          "#{visit o.left} != #{visit right}"
        end
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_As o
        "#{visit o.left} AS #{visit o.right}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_UnqualifiedColumn o
        "#{quote_column_name o.name}"
      end

      def visit_Arel_Attributes_Attribute o
        Thread.current[:arel_visitors_to_sql_last_column] = column_for o
        join_name = o.relation.table_alias || o.relation.name
        "#{quote_table_name join_name}.#{quote_column_name o.name}"
      end
      alias :visit_Arel_Attributes_Integer :visit_Arel_Attributes_Attribute
      alias :visit_Arel_Attributes_Float :visit_Arel_Attributes_Attribute
      alias :visit_Arel_Attributes_Decimal :visit_Arel_Attributes_Attribute
      alias :visit_Arel_Attributes_String :visit_Arel_Attributes_Attribute
      alias :visit_Arel_Attributes_Time :visit_Arel_Attributes_Attribute
      alias :visit_Arel_Attributes_Boolean :visit_Arel_Attributes_Attribute

      def literal o; o end

      alias :visit_Arel_Nodes_SqlLiteral :literal
      alias :visit_Arel_SqlLiteral       :literal # This is deprecated
      alias :visit_Bignum                :literal
      alias :visit_Fixnum                :literal

      def quoted o; quote(o, Thread.current[:arel_visitors_to_sql_last_column]) end

      alias :visit_ActiveSupport_Multibyte_Chars :quoted
      alias :visit_ActiveSupport_StringInquirer  :quoted
      alias :visit_BigDecimal                    :quoted
      alias :visit_Class                         :quoted
      alias :visit_Date                          :quoted
      alias :visit_DateTime                      :quoted
      alias :visit_FalseClass                    :quoted
      alias :visit_Float                         :quoted
      alias :visit_Hash                          :quoted
      alias :visit_NilClass                      :quoted
      alias :visit_String                        :quoted
      alias :visit_Symbol                        :quoted
      alias :visit_Time                          :quoted
      alias :visit_TrueClass                     :quoted

      def visit_Arel_Nodes_InfixOperation o
        "#{visit o.left} #{o.operator} #{visit o.right}"
      end

      alias :visit_Arel_Nodes_Addition       :visit_Arel_Nodes_InfixOperation
      alias :visit_Arel_Nodes_Subtraction    :visit_Arel_Nodes_InfixOperation
      alias :visit_Arel_Nodes_Multiplication :visit_Arel_Nodes_InfixOperation
      alias :visit_Arel_Nodes_Division       :visit_Arel_Nodes_InfixOperation

      def visit_Array o
        o.empty? ? 'NULL' : o.map { |x| visit x }.join(', ')
      end

      def quote value, column = nil
        @connection.quote value, column
      end

      def quote_table_name name
        @quoted_tables[name] ||= Arel::Nodes::SqlLiteral === name ? name : @connection.quote_table_name(name)
      end

      def quote_column_name name
        @quoted_columns[name] ||= Arel::Nodes::SqlLiteral === name ? name : @connection.quote_column_name(name)
      end
    end
  end
end