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romaji.py
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romaji.py
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#!/usr/bin/python
# Note:
# This code below is verbatim from http://halley.cc/code/?python/romaji.py
# provided by Ed Halley under the Artistic License
# romaji - simple romaji-to-kana and kana-to-romaji conversions
'''
The romaji module provides simple conversions between alphabetic (Roman)
strings and Japanese syllable syllable strings in Unicode.
SYNOPSIS
>> roma(u'\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f')
'konnichiha'
>> repr( kana('konbanha') )
u'\u3053\u3093\u3070\u3093\u306f'
As a convenience, the script works at the command line too.
$ python romaji.py < hiragana.txt > romaji.txt
$ python romaji.py --kana < romaji.txt > hiragana.txt
AUTHOR
Ed Halley (ed@halley.cc) 10 December 2007
'''
__all__ = [ 'roma', 'kana', 'gyou', 'tenten', 'maru' ]
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
import unicodedata ; from unicodedata import *
import re ; from re import *
_roma = { }
_kana = { }
_gyou = { }
_long = 0
_irregular = { 'SMALL ': 'X',
'TU': 'TSU', 'TI': 'CHI', 'SI': 'SHI', 'HU': 'FU', 'ZI': 'JI',
'WU': None, 'YI': None, 'YE': None } # no such 'wu'...
_compounds = { 'JA': 'JI/XA', 'JU': 'JI/XU', 'JO': 'JI/XO',
'CHA': 'CHI/XYA', 'CHU': 'CHI/XYU', 'CHO': 'CHI/XYO',
'SHA': 'SHI/XYA', 'SHU': 'SHI/XYU', 'SHO': 'SHI/XYO',
} # ji+a, chi+yu, ...
_chiisaiya = 'KGHBPR' # ki+ya, gi+ya, hi+ya, ...
_punctuals = { '-': u'\u30fc',
'~': u'\u301c',
'.': u'\u3002',
' ': '',
'?': u'\uff1f',
}
def _setup():
global _roma
global _kana
global _gyou
global _long
if _roma: return
# arrange gyou (syllabary rows) information
_gyou = { 'A': [ 'A', 'I', 'U', 'E', 'O' ],
'a': [ 'a', 'i', 'u', 'e', 'o' ],
'N': [ 'N' ], 'n': [ 'n' ],
'VU': [ 'VU' ], }
gyou = 'KA,GA,SA,ZA,TA,DA,NA,HA,BA,PA,MA,YA,RA,WA'.split(',')
for g in gyou:
_gyou[g] = [ ]
_gyou[g.lower()] = [ ]
for a in _gyou['A']:
kana = g[:1] + a
if kana in _irregular: kana = _irregular[kana]
if not kana: continue
_gyou[g].append(kana)
_gyou[g.lower()].append(kana.lower())
# find the basic kana and chiisai kana from their unicode data names
regular = compile(r'(HIRAGANA|KATAKANA) (LETTER) (.+)')
chiisai = compile(r'(HIRAGANA|KATAKANA) (SMALL LETTER) (.+)')
for point in range(0x3040, 0x30FF):
char = unichr(point)
for pattern in [ regular, chiisai ]:
match = pattern.match(name(char, ''))
if match:
syllable = match.group(3)
for fix in _irregular:
if not _irregular[fix]: continue
syllable = syllable.replace(fix, _irregular[fix])
if match.group(1) == 'HIRAGANA':
syllable = syllable.lower()
if not syllable in _kana:
_kana[syllable] = char
_roma[char] = syllable
# make simple formulaic compounds with chiisai ya,yu,yo
for consonant in _chiisaiya:
for ya in [ 'YA', 'YU', 'YO' ]:
extended = consonant + 'I/X' + ya
_compounds[consonant + ya] = extended
_compounds[(consonant + ya).lower()] = extended.lower()
# split and form kana information for each compound
for syllable in _compounds:
for lower in (False, True):
(rk,rx) = _compounds[syllable].split('/')
if lower:
(rk,rx) = (rk.lower(), rx.lower())
syllable = syllable.lower()
(kk,kx) = (_kana[rk], _kana[rx])
_kana[syllable] = kk+kx
_roma[kk+kx] = syllable
# common kana punctuation
for mark in _punctuals:
_kana[mark] = _punctuals[mark]
# how long is the longest kana or romaji symbol?
_long = max([ len(x) for x in _roma ] + [ len(x) for x in _kana ])
def normalize(g):
'''Returns the name of the gyou row containing the given kana.'''
kanaify = False
if ord(g[0]) > 127:
g = roma(g)
kanaify = True
if g == g.lower():
if g != 'n':
g = g[:-1] + 'a'
fixes = { 'fa':'ha','sha':'sa','tsa':'ta',
'ja':'za','cha':'ta','va':'ba' }
if g in fixes: g = fixes[g]
elif g == g.upper():
if g != 'N':
g = g[:-1] + 'A'
fixes = { 'FA':'HA','SHA':'SA','TSA':'TA',
'JA':'ZA','CHA':'TA','VA':'VU' }
if g in fixes: g = fixes[g]
if kanaify:
g = kana(g)
return g
def tenten(g):
if ord(g[0]) > 127:
g = roma(g)
return normalize(g) in [ 'ga','za','da','ba',
'GA','ZA','DA','BA' ]
def maru(g):
if ord(g[0]) > 127:
g = roma(g)
return normalize(g) in [ 'pa', 'PA' ]
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
import random
def choice(g=None, family=None, kanaify=False, rare=False):
'''Returns a single random syllable.
If a gyou g is given, such as 'KA', the syllable is taken from that
syllabary row (e.g., 'KA', 'KI', 'KU', 'KE' or 'KO'). Uppercase
gyou returns katakana, lowercase gyou returns hiragana. Unicode kana
of either family will return a random kana in the same gyou, also as
a Unicode character.
If a family argument is given, such as 'HIRAGANA' or 'KATAKANA', the
syllable is taken only from that syllabary. Family is implied and
ignored if the gyou is given as a Unicode kana example.
If you request this routine to kanaify, it is equivalent to calling
the kana() routine on the selection.
This does not return any dipthong/compound syllables like 'kyo'.
'''
row = gyou(g, family, kanaify, rare)
roman = random.choice(row)
if kanaify:
return kana(roman)
return roman
def gyou(g, family=None, kanaify=False, rare=False):
'''Returns a tuple containing all of the syllables'''
if g is None:
g = random.choice(_gyou.keys())
if family and family.lower() in [ 'h', 'hira', 'hiragana', 'hira' ]:
g = g.lower()
elif family and family.lower() in [ 'k', 'katakana', 'kata' ]:
g = g.upper()
if ord(g[0]) > 127:
g = roma(g)
kanaify = True
g = normalize(g)
if not g in _gyou:
raise ValueError, 'unknown gyou "%s"' % g
roman = _gyou[g]
if not rare:
roman = [ x for x in roman if not x in
set([ 'wi', 'WI', 'we', 'WE' ]) ]
if kanaify:
return tuple( [ kana(x) for x in roman ] )
return tuple(roman)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _convert(text, parts):
# eat the incoming text from start to finish; each time the head
# of the string matches a known symbol, output that symbol's
# translated form; look for longer symbols before shorter ones
global _long
result = ''
while text:
found = False
for l in reversed(range(1, _long+1)):
if text[:l] in parts:
result += parts[text[:l]]
text = text[l:]
found = True
break
if not found:
result += text[:1]
text = text[1:]
return result
def roma(kana):
'''Converts a unicode string with hiragana or katakana into romaji.
Hiragana characters come out in lowercase; katakana in uppercase.
Any unknown characters (kanji, letters, punctuation) are passed
through unchanged.
'''
roma = _convert(kana, _roma)
roma = re.sub(r'XTSU([KGTDBP])', r'\1\1', roma)
roma = re.sub(r'xtsu([kgtdbp])', r'\1\1', roma)
roma = re.sub(r'XTSUCH', r'CCH', roma)
roma = re.sub(r'xtsuch', r'cch', roma)
return roma
def kana(roma):
'''Converts a string with romaji into hiragana and katakana.
Lowercase letters are converted to hiragana symbols wherever possible;
uppercase letters become katakana. The output is a unicode string.
Any unknown characters (kanji, letters, punctuation) or unknown letter
combinations are passed through unchanged.
'''
roma = re.sub(r'([KGTDBP])\1', r'XTSU\1', roma)
roma = re.sub(r'([kgtdbp])\1', r'xtsu\1', roma)
roma = re.sub(r'([TC]CH)', r'XTSUCH', roma)
roma = re.sub(r'([tc]ch)', r'xtsuch', roma)
return _convert(roma, _kana)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
def html(text):
'''Converts a Unicode string into ASCII HTML by using entities.'''
result = ''
for c in text:
if ord(c) >= 128:
result += '&#%d;' % ord(c)
else:
result += c
return result
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
_setup()
def __test__():
import testing ; from testing import __ok__
__ok__(kana("ko n ni chi ha"), u'\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f')
__ok__(roma(u'\u3053\u3093\u3070\u3093\u306f'), "konbanha")
__ok__(kana('kyokararyujubyo'),
u'\u304d\u3087\u304b\u3089\u308a\u3085\u3058\u3045\u3073\u3087')
__ok__(kana('kyo kara ryu ju byo'), kana('kyokararyujubyo'))
__ok__(kana('tamagotchi'), u'\u305f\u307e\u3054\u3063\u3061')
__ok__(kana('tamagotchi'), kana('tamagocchi'))
__ok__(gyou('wa') == ('wa','wo'))
__ok__(gyou('wa',rare=True) == ('wa','wi','we','wo'))
__ok__(gyou('chi') == ('ta','chi','tsu','te','to'))
__ok__(gyou('SHI') == ('SA','SHI','SU','SE','SO'))
__ok__(normalize('a'), 'a')
__ok__(normalize('tsu'), 'ta')
__ok__(normalize('SHI'), 'SA')
__ok__(normalize('FU'), 'HA')
__ok__(normalize('ji'), 'za')
__ok__(normalize('SHI'), 'SA')
__ok__(normalize('pa'), 'pa')
__ok__(normalize('n'), 'n')
__ok__(normalize(kana('SHI')), kana('SA'))
__ok__(tenten('gi'), True)
__ok__(tenten('bi'), True)
__ok__(tenten('zi'), True)
__ok__(tenten('GI'), True)
__ok__(tenten(kana('di')), True)
__ok__(tenten('ta'), False)
__ok__(tenten('PI'), False)
__ok__(tenten(kana('chi')), False)
__ok__(maru('PU'), True)
__ok__(maru(kana('pi')), True)
__ok__(maru('bu'), False)
__ok__(maru(kana('ji')), False)
for x in range(3):
__ok__(choice('hi') in [ 'ha','hi','fu','he','ho' ])
__ok__(choice('MU') in [ 'MA','MI','MU','ME','MO' ])
__ok__(choice(u'\u3072') in [ u'\u306f', u'\u3072', u'\u3075',
u'\u3078', u'\u307b' ] )
y = choice(family='HIRAGANA')
__ok__(y, y.lower())
y = choice(family='katakana')
__ok__(y, y.upper())
__ok__(html(u'Konnichiwa: \u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f'),
'Konnichiwa: こんにちは')
testing.__report__()
def __pipe__(filter):
import sys
for line in sys.stdin.xreadlines():
print filter(line[:-1])
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
sys.argv.pop(0)
if sys.argv and sys.argv[0] == '--test':
__test__()
elif sys.argv and sys.argv[0] == '--kana':
import codecs
sys.stdout = codecs.lookup('utf-8')[-1](sys.stdout)
__pipe__(kana)
else:
__pipe__(roma)