bvi.1

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.\"	If the F register is turned on, we'll generate
.\"	index entries out stderr for the following things:
.\"		TH	Title 
.\"		SH	Header
.\"		Sh	Subsection 
.\"		Ip	Item
.\"		X<>	Xref  (embedded
.\"	Of course, you have to process the output yourself
.\"	in some meaninful fashion.
.if \nF \{
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..
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.TH BVI 1 "BVI Version 1.4.2" "8/Feb/2022" "User Commands"
.IX Title "BVI 1"
.UC
.IX Name "bvi, bview - visual display editor for binary files"
.if n .hy 0
.if n .na
.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
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..
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.\}
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.ds v \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\v'-\*(#V'\*(#[\s-4v\s0\v'\*(#V'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
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.ds . \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)'\v'\*(#V*4/10'\z.\v'-\*(#V*4/10'\h'|\\n:u'
.ds 3 \*(#[\v'.2m'\s-2\&3\s0\v'-.2m'\*(#]
.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
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.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
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.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.SH "NAME"
.IX Header "NAME"
bvi, bview \- visual editor for binary files
.SH "VERSION"
.IX Header "VERSION"
bvi-1.4.1
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
\fBbvi\fR\ \ \ [\fB\-R\fR]\ [\fB\-c\fR\ \fIcmd\fR]\ [\fB\-f\fR\ \fIscript\fR]\ [\fB\-s\fR\ \fIskip\fR]\ [\fB\-e\fR\ \fIend\fR]\ [\fB\-n\fR\ \fIlength\fR]\ \fIfile\fR...
\fBbview\fR\ [\fB\-R\fR]\ [\fB\-c\fR\ \fIcmd\fR]\ [\fB\-f\fR\ \fIscript\fR]\ [\fB\-s\fR\ \fIskip\fR]\ [\fB\-e\fR\ \fIend\fR]\ [\fB\-n\fR\ \fIlength\fR]\ \fIfile\fR...
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
.Ip "\fIfile\fR..." 4
.IX Item "\fIfile\fR..."
A  list  of  filenames.  The first one will be the current file and 
will be read  
into  the  buffer.  The  cursor  will  be  positioned on the first line of
the buffer.  You can get to the other files with the ":next" command.  
.Ip "\fB\-R\fR" 4
.IX Item "\fB\-R\fR"
\*(L"Readonly": The readonly flag is set for all the files,
preventing accidental overwriting with a write command.

.Ip "\fB\-s\fR \fIskip\fR" 4
.IX Item "\fB\-s\fR \fIskip\fR"
causes bvi to load a file not from the start but from
offset \fIskip\fR.
Skip offset bytes from the beginning of the input.  By default, offset
is interpreted as a decimal number.  With a leading 0x or 0X, offset is
interpreted as a hexadecimal number, otherwise, with a leading 0, offset
is interpreted as an octal number.  Appending the character b, k, or m
to offset causes it to be interpreted as a multiple of 512, 1024, or
1048576, respectively.

.Ip "\fB\-e\fR \fIend\fR" 4
.IX Item "\fB\-e\fR \fIend\fR"
causes bvi to load a file not till end but till address \fIend\fR.

.Ip "\fB\-n\fR \fIlength\fR" 4
.IX Item "\fB\-n\fR \fIlength\fR"
causes bvi not to load the complete file but only \fIlength\fR bytes.

.Ip "\fB\-c\fR \fIcmd\fR" 4
.IX Item "\fB\-c\fR \fIcmd\fR"
\fIcmd\fR will be  executed  after  the  first
file  has been read. If the  \fIcmd\fR  contains
spaces  it  must  be enclosed in double quotes
(this depends on  the  shell  that  is  used).
.Ip "\fB\-f\fR \fIscript\fR" 4
.IX Item "\fB\-f\fR \fIscript\fR"
This command provides a means for collecting a series of \*(L"ex\*(R"
(colon) commands into a script file, then using this file to edit
other files. Since there is no binary stream editor \*(L"bsed\*(R", you
can use this option to make several global changes in a binary file.
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
Bvi stands for \*(L"Binary VIsual editor\*(R".
Bvi is a screen oriented editor for binary files;
its command set is based on that of the \fIvi\fR\|(1) text editor.
As bvi is a binary editor, it does not have the concept
of \*(L"lines\*(R".  All end-of-lines (EOLs) are simply bytes.
Therefore bvi's commands are different from vi's
commands for all line-oriented commands (see below).
.SH "COMPARISON"
.IX Header "COMPARISON"
The main differences between Vi and Bvi are:
.PP
The screen is divided in three sections or panes:
The byte offset (extreme left), the hex pane (middle),
and an ascii pane (right) which shows as printable characters
those bytes in the hex pane.
On an 80 column terminal there will be sixteen hex values
and their ASCII values on each screen line. 
Note that (as one would expect) the first byte has the offset \*(L'0\*(R' (zero).
.PP
You can toggle between the hex and ascii windows with the tab key (TAB).
Toggling between these two windows does not change the current
position (offset) within the file.
.PP
No \*(L"lines\*(R" concept:
Files are treated as one long stream of bytes.  The characters
\*(L"newline\*(R" and \*(L"carriage return\*(R" are not special, id est they 
never mark the end of lines.  Therefore the lines on the screen do not
represent lines in the usual way.  Data is broken across screen lines
arbitarily.
As a consequence there are no commands in bvi from ex or vi
that are based on line numbers, eg \*(L"dd\*(R", \*(L"yy\*(R", \*(L'C\*(R', \*(L'S\*(R', \*(L'o\*(R', \*(L'O\*(R'.
This also changes the meaning of \*(L"range\*(R" before the \*(L":write\*(R" command
to a byte offset, ie the command \*(L":100,200w foo\*(R" writes all *bytes*
(not lines) from offset 100 to offset 200 to the file \*(L"foo\*(R".
.PP
No \*(L"text objects":
There are also no text-specific arrangements like words,
paragraphs, sentences, sections and so on.
.PP
Extended \*(L"ruler":
The bottom line of the screen shows the current address (byte offset)
and the current character in these notations:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        octal, hexadecimal, decimal and ascii.
.Ve
Search patterns:
All search commands understand these special characters:
.PP
.Vb 3
\&     .    any character
\&     []   set of characters
\&     *    zero or more occurrences of previous char or set
.Ve
But as there is no concept of lines you cannot use the standard symbols
("anchors") for \*(L"begin-of-line\*(R" ('^') and \*(L"end-of-line\*(R" ('$').
Searching for the start/end of lines must be done explicitly
by adding these special characters to your search pattern
using these meta sequences:
.PP
.Vb 4
\&        \en   newline
\&        \er   return
\&        \et   tab
\&        \e0   binary zero
.Ve
Additional search commands:
Similar to the text search commands there are additional hex-search
functions \*(L'\e\*(R' and \*(L'#\*(R' which allow to search for any byte value.
Example:  \*(L"\e62 76 69\*(R" will search for the string \*(L"bvi\*(R".
Spaces between hex value are optional, so searching
for \*(L"6775636B6573\*(R" will find \*(L"guckes\*(R".
.PP
Changing the length of data (insertion, deletion) moves the data to other addresses;
this is bad for many cases (eg. databases, program files) and is 
thus disabled by default. You can enable this commands by typing
.PP
\f(CW	:set memmove\fR
.PP
\fBBVI Modes:\fR
.PP
Command Mode (Normal Mode):
.PP
Input is treated as command.  Note that command mode is the default
mode after startup and after escaping from input mode.
Use ESC (escape) to cancel a partial (uncompleted) command.
.PP
Input Mode:
.PP
Input is treated as replacement of current characters or 
(after the end of the file) is appended
to the current file.  This mode is entered from command mode by
typing one of \*(L'i\*(R', \*(L'I\*(R', \*(L'A\*(R', \*(L'r\*(R', or \*(L'R\*(R'.
You can enter the characters from the keyboard (in the ASCII window) or 
hexadecimal values (in the HEX window).
Type TAB to switch between these two windows.
Type ESC to finish the current input and return to command mode.
Type CTRL\-C to cancel current command abnormally.
.PP
Command line mode (Last Line Mode or : mode):
.PP
Similar to vi, this mode is entered by typing one of the 
characters 
: / ? \e # !
The command is terminated and executed by typing a carriage
return; to cancel a partially typed command, type
ESC to cancel the current command and return to command mode.
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.IX Header "ENVIRONMENT"
The editor recognizes the environment variable BVIINIT as  a
command  (or  list of commands) to run when it starts up. If
this variable is undefined, the editor  checks  for  startup
commands  in  the  file  \fI~/.bvirc\fR  file, which you must own.
However, if there is a \fI.bvirc\fR owned by you  in  the  current
directory,  the  editor takes its startup commands from this
file \- overriding both the file in your home  directory  and
the environment variable.
.SH "TERMINOLOGY"
.IX Header "TERMINOLOGY"
Characters names are abbreviated as follows:
     Abbr.     ASCII     name      aka
     CR        010       carriage return
     ^A        001       control-a
     ^H        008       control-h
     ^I        009       control-i      aka TAB
     ^U        021       control-u
     ^Z        026       control-z
     ESC       027       escape         aka ESC
     DEL       127       delete
     LEFT      ---       left  arrow
     RIGHT     ---       right arrow
     DOWN      ---       down  arrow
     UP        ---       up    arrow
.SH "COMMAND SUMMARY"
.IX Header "COMMAND SUMMARY"
See the TERMINOLOGY for a summary on key name abbreviations
used within the following description of commands.
.PP
\fBAbstract:\fR
  Arrow keys move the cursor on the screen within the current window.
.PP
\fBSample commands:\fR
  :version    show version info
  <\- v ^ \->   arrow keys move the cursor
  h j k l     same as arrow keys
  u           undo previous change
  ZZ          exit bvi, saving changes
  :q!         quit, discarding changes
  /\fItext\fR       search for \fItext\fR
  ^U ^D       scroll up or down
.PP
\fBCounts before bvi commands:\fR
  Numbers may be typed as a prefix to some commands.
  They are interpreted in one of these ways.
.PP
.Vb 4
\&  screen column       |
\&  byte of file        G
\&  scroll amount       ^D  ^U
\&  repeat effect       most of the rest
.Ve
\fBInterrupting, canceling\fR
  ESC         end insert or incomplete command
  DEL         (delete or rubout) interrupts
.PP
\fBFile manipulation:\fR
  ZZ          if file modified, write and exit;
              otherwise, exit
  :w          write changed buffer to file
  :w!         write changed buffer to file, overriding
              read-only ("forced\*(R" write)
  :q          quit when no changes have been made
  :q!         quit and discard all changes
  :e \fIfile\fR     edit \fIfile\fR
  :e!         re-read current file, discard all changes
  :e #        edit the alternate file
  :e! #       edit the alternate file, discard changes
  :w  \fIfile\fR    write current buffer to \fIfile\fR
  :w! \fIfile\fR    write current buffer to \fIfile\fR overriding
              read-only (this \*(L"overwrites\*(R" the file)
  :sh         run the command as set with option \*(L"shell\*(R",
              then return
  :!\fIcmd\fR       run the command \fIcmd\fR from \*(L"shell\*(R", then
              return
  :n          edit next file in the argument list
  :f          show current filename, modified flag,
              current byte offset, and percentage of
              current position within buffer
  ^G          same as :f
.PP
\fBAdditional edit commands\fR
  You can insert/append/change bytes in ASCII/binary/decimal/
hexadecimal or octal representation. You can enter several
(screen) lines of input. A line with only a period (.) in it
will terminate the command. You must not type in values greater 
than a byte value. This causes an abandonment of the command.
Pressing the CR key does not insert a newline \- character into
the file. If you use ASCII mode you can use the special characters 
\en, \er, \et and \e0.
.PP
.Vb 3
\&  :i aCR      insert bytes (ASCII) at cursor position
\&  :a bCR      append bytes (Binary) at end of file
\&  :c hCR      change bytes (hexadecimal) at cursor position
.Ve
\fBBit-level operations\fR
  :and \fIn\fR      bitwise \*(L'and\*(R' operation with value \fIn\fR
  :or  \fIn\fR      bitwise \*(L'or\*(R' operation with value \fIn\fR
  :xor \fIn\fR      bitwise \*(L'xor\*(R' operation with value \fIn\fR
  :neg        two's   complement
  :not        logical negation
  :sl \fIi\fR       shift  each byte \fIi\fR bits to the left
  :sr \fIi\fR       shift  each byte \fIi\fR bits to the right
  :rl \fIi\fR       rotate each byte \fIi\fR bits to the left
  :rr \fIi\fR       rotate each byte \fIi\fR bits to the right
.PP
\fBCommand mode addresses\fR
  :w foo         write current buffer to a file
                 named \*(L"foo\*(R"
  :5,10w foo     copy byte 5 through 100 into as
                 file named foo
  :.,.+20w foo   copy the current byte and the next
                 20 bytes to foo
  :^,'aw foo     write all bytes from the beginning
                 through marker \*(L'a\*(R'
  :/\fIpat\fR/,$ foo   search pattern \fIpat\fR and and copy
                 through end of file
.PP
\fBPositioning within file:\fR
  ^B      backward screen
  ^F      forward  screen
  ^D      scroll down half screen
  ^U      scroll up   half screen
  \fIn\fRG      go to the specified character
          (end default), where \fIn\fR is a decimal address
  /\fIpat\fR    next line matching \fIpat\fR
  ?\fIpat\fR    previous line matching \fIpat\fR
  \e\fIhex\fR    jump to next     occurrence of hex string \fIhex\fR
  #\fIhex\fR    jump to previous occurrence of hex string \fIhex\fR
  n       repeat last search command
  N       repeat last search command, but in opposite
          direction
.PP
\fBAdjusting the screen:\fR
  ^L      clear and redraw screen
  zCR     redraw screen with current line at top of screen
  z-      redraw screen with current line at bottom of
          screen
  z.      redraw screen with current line at center of
          screen
  /\fIpat\fR/z- search for pattern \fIpat\fR and then move currents
          line to bottom
  ^E      scroll screen down 1 line
  ^Y      scroll screen up   1 line
.PP
\fBMarking and returning:\fR
  m\fIx\fR      mark current position with lower-case letter \fIx\fR
          Note: this command works for all lower-case letters
  \*(L'\fIx\fR      move cursor to mark \fIx\fR in ASCII section
  `\fIx\fR      move cursor to mark \fIx\fR in HEX section
  \*(L'\*(R'      move cursor to previous context in ASCII section
  ``      move cursor to previous context in HEX section
 
\fBLine positioning:\fR
  H           jump to first      line on screen ("top")
  L           jump to last       line on screen ("low")
  M           jump to middle     line on screen ("middle")
  \-           jump onto previous line on screen
  +           jump onto next     line on screen
  CR          same as +
  DOWN or j   next     line, same column
  UP   or k   previous line, same column
.PP
\fBCharacter positioning:\fR
  ^           first byte in HEX window
  $           end of screen line
  l or RIGHT  jump onto next byte (within current
              screen line)
  h or LEFT   jump onto previous byte (within current
              screen line)
  ^H          same as LEFT
  space       same as RIGHT
  f\fIx\fR          find next     occurrence of character \fIx\fR
  F\fIx\fR          find previous occurrence of character \fIx\fR
  \fIn\fR|          jump onto \fIn\fRth byte/character within current
              line
.PP
\fBStrings:\fR
  (works similar to the \fIstrings\fR\|(1) command)
  Note:  \*(L"Words\*(R" are defined as strings of \*(L"nonprinting
  characters\*(R".
  e       jump to next     end   of word
  w       jump to next     begin of word
  b       jump to previous begin of word
  W       forward to next string delimited with a
          \e0 or \en
  B       back to previous string delimited with a
          nonprinting char
.PP
\fBCorrections during insert:\fR
  ^H      erase last character (backspace)
  erase   your erase character, same as ^H (backspace)
  ESC     ends insertion, back to command mode
.PP
\fBAppend and replace:\fR
  A       append at end of file
  rx      replace current bte with char \*(L'x\*(R'
  R       enter replace mode; for all subsequent input,
          the current byte is overwritten with the next
		  input character; leave replace mode with ESC.
.PP
\fBMiscellaneous Operations:\fR
  TAB     toggle between ASCII and HEX section
.PP
\fBYank and Put:\fR
  3ySPACE yank 3 characters
  p       insert contents of yank buffer
  o       replace text with content of yank buffer
  P       put back at end of file
.PP
\fBUndo, Redo:\fR
  u       undo last change
          Note:  Only the last change can be undone.
          Therefore this commands toggles between the
          last and second-t-last state of the buffer.
.PP
\fBSetting Options:\fR
  With the :set command you can set options in bvi
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  Option     Default  Description
.Ve
.Vb 19
\&  autowrite  noaw     Save current file, if modified, if you
\&                      give a :n, :r or ! command
\&  columns    cm=16    on an 80 character wide terminal
\&  ignorecase noic     Ignores letter case in searching
\&  magic      nomagic  Makes . [ * special in patterns
\&  memmove    nomm     enables insert and delete commands 
\&  offset     of=0     adds an offset to the diplayed addresses
\&  readonly   noro     If set, write fails unless you use ! after command
\&  reverse    nore     display otherwise-printable characters with their
\&                      high bit set as reverse video
\&  scroll     sc=1/2 window
\&                      Number of lines scrolled by ^U and ^D
\&  showmode   mo       Displays statusline on bottom of the screen
\&  terse      noterse  Let you obtain shorter error messages
\&  window     window=screensize
\&                      Lines in window, can be reduced at slow terminals
\&  wordlength wl=4     Length of an ASCII-string found by w, W, b or B
\&  wrapscan   ws       Searches wrap around past the end of the file
\&  unixstyle  nous     The representation of ascii characters below
\&                      32 is displayed in the statusline as shown
\&                      in ascii(7) if unset rather in DOS-style (^A)
.Ve
.SH "AUTHOR"
.IX Header "AUTHOR"
bvi was developed by Gerhard Buergmann, Vienna, Austria
\fIgerhard@puon.at\fR
.SH "WWW"
.IX Header "WWW"
Bvi\ Homepage:\ \ http://bvi.sourceforge.net/
Vi\ Pages:\ \ \ \ \ \ http://www.guckes.net/vi/clones.php3
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (all\ about\ Vi\ and\ its\ clones)
.SH "FILES"
.IX Header "FILES"
\fI\ $HOME/.bvirc\fR\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ editor\ startup\ file
.BR
\fI\ ./.bvirc\fR\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ editor\ startup\ file
.SH "BUGS"
.IX Header "BUGS"
Bvi does not update the screen when the terminal changes its size.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\fIbmore\fR\|(1), \fIvi\fR\|(1), \fIstrings\fR\|(1), \fIascii\fR\|(5)

.rn }` ''