kubelet_network.go

/*
Copyright 2016 The Kubernetes Authors.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package kubelet

import (
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"
	"strings"

	"github.com/golang/glog"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/api"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/apis/componentconfig"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubelet/network"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/util/bandwidth"
	utiliptables "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/util/iptables"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/util/sets"
)

const (
	// the mark-for-masquerade chain
	// TODO: clean up this logic in kube-proxy
	KubeMarkMasqChain utiliptables.Chain = "KUBE-MARK-MASQ"

	// the mark-for-drop chain
	KubeMarkDropChain utiliptables.Chain = "KUBE-MARK-DROP"

	// kubernetes postrouting rules
	KubePostroutingChain utiliptables.Chain = "KUBE-POSTROUTING"

	// kubernetes firewall rules
	KubeFirewallChain utiliptables.Chain = "KUBE-FIREWALL"
)

// effectiveHairpinMode determines the effective hairpin mode given the
// configured mode, container runtime, and whether cbr0 should be configured.
func effectiveHairpinMode(hairpinMode componentconfig.HairpinMode, containerRuntime string, networkPlugin string) (componentconfig.HairpinMode, error) {
	// The hairpin mode setting doesn't matter if:
	// - We're not using a bridge network. This is hard to check because we might
	//   be using a plugin.
	// - It's set to hairpin-veth for a container runtime that doesn't know how
	//   to set the hairpin flag on the veth's of containers. Currently the
	//   docker runtime is the only one that understands this.
	// - It's set to "none".
	if hairpinMode == componentconfig.PromiscuousBridge || hairpinMode == componentconfig.HairpinVeth {
		// Only on docker.
		if containerRuntime != "docker" {
			glog.Warningf("Hairpin mode set to %q but container runtime is %q, ignoring", hairpinMode, containerRuntime)
			return componentconfig.HairpinNone, nil
		}
		if hairpinMode == componentconfig.PromiscuousBridge && networkPlugin != "kubenet" {
			// This is not a valid combination, since promiscuous-bridge only works on kubenet. Users might be using the
			// default values (from before the hairpin-mode flag existed) and we
			// should keep the old behavior.
			glog.Warningf("Hairpin mode set to %q but kubenet is not enabled, falling back to %q", hairpinMode, componentconfig.HairpinVeth)
			return componentconfig.HairpinVeth, nil
		}
	} else if hairpinMode != componentconfig.HairpinNone {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("unknown value: %q", hairpinMode)
	}
	return hairpinMode, nil
}

// providerRequiresNetworkingConfiguration returns whether the cloud provider
// requires special networking configuration.
func (kl *Kubelet) providerRequiresNetworkingConfiguration() bool {
	// TODO: We should have a mechanism to say whether native cloud provider
	// is used or whether we are using overlay networking. We should return
	// true for cloud providers if they implement Routes() interface and
	// we are not using overlay networking.
	if kl.cloud == nil || kl.cloud.ProviderName() != "gce" {
		return false
	}
	_, supported := kl.cloud.Routes()
	return supported
}

// Returns the list of DNS servers and DNS search domains.
func (kl *Kubelet) parseResolvConf(reader io.Reader) (nameservers []string, searches []string, err error) {
	var scrubber dnsScrubber
	if kl.cloud != nil {
		scrubber = kl.cloud
	}
	return parseResolvConf(reader, scrubber)
}

// A helper for testing.
type dnsScrubber interface {
	ScrubDNS(nameservers, searches []string) (nsOut, srchOut []string)
}

// parseResolveConf reads a resolv.conf file from the given reader, and parses
// it into nameservers and searches, possibly returning an error.  The given
// dnsScrubber allows cloud providers to post-process dns names.
// TODO: move to utility package
func parseResolvConf(reader io.Reader, dnsScrubber dnsScrubber) (nameservers []string, searches []string, err error) {
	file, err := ioutil.ReadAll(reader)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}

	// Lines of the form "nameserver 1.2.3.4" accumulate.
	nameservers = []string{}

	// Lines of the form "search example.com" overrule - last one wins.
	searches = []string{}

	lines := strings.Split(string(file), "\n")
	for l := range lines {
		trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(lines[l])
		if strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "#") {
			continue
		}
		fields := strings.Fields(trimmed)
		if len(fields) == 0 {
			continue
		}
		if fields[0] == "nameserver" {
			nameservers = append(nameservers, fields[1:]...)
		}
		if fields[0] == "search" {
			searches = fields[1:]
		}
	}

	// Give the cloud-provider a chance to post-process DNS settings.
	if dnsScrubber != nil {
		nameservers, searches = dnsScrubber.ScrubDNS(nameservers, searches)
	}
	return nameservers, searches, nil
}

// cleanupBandwidthLimits updates the status of bandwidth-limited containers
// and ensures that only the appropriate CIDRs are active on the node.
func (kl *Kubelet) cleanupBandwidthLimits(allPods []*api.Pod) error {
	if kl.shaper == nil {
		return nil
	}
	currentCIDRs, err := kl.shaper.GetCIDRs()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	possibleCIDRs := sets.String{}
	for ix := range allPods {
		pod := allPods[ix]
		ingress, egress, err := bandwidth.ExtractPodBandwidthResources(pod.Annotations)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if ingress == nil && egress == nil {
			glog.V(8).Infof("Not a bandwidth limited container...")
			continue
		}
		status, found := kl.statusManager.GetPodStatus(pod.UID)
		if !found {
			// TODO(random-liu): Cleanup status get functions. (issue #20477)
			s, err := kl.containerRuntime.GetPodStatus(pod.UID, pod.Name, pod.Namespace)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			status = kl.generateAPIPodStatus(pod, s)
		}
		if status.Phase == api.PodRunning {
			possibleCIDRs.Insert(fmt.Sprintf("%s/32", status.PodIP))
		}
	}
	for _, cidr := range currentCIDRs {
		if !possibleCIDRs.Has(cidr) {
			glog.V(2).Infof("Removing CIDR: %s (%v)", cidr, possibleCIDRs)
			if err := kl.shaper.Reset(cidr); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// syncNetworkStatus updates the network state
func (kl *Kubelet) syncNetworkStatus() {
	// TODO(#35701): cri shim handles network plugin but we currently
	// don't have a cri status hook, so network plugin status isn't
	// reported if --experimental-runtime-integration=cri. This isn't
	// too bad, because kubenet is the only network plugin that
	// implements status(), and it just checks for plugin binaries
	// on the filesystem.
	if kl.networkPlugin != nil {
		kl.runtimeState.setNetworkState(kl.networkPlugin.Status())
	} else if kl.runtimeState.podCIDR() != "" {
		// Don't mark the node ready till we've successfully executed
		// the first UpdatePodCIDR call through cri. See comment above
		// setPodCIDR call.
		kl.runtimeState.setNetworkState(nil)
	}
}

// updatePodCIDR updates the pod CIDR in the runtime state if it is different
// from the current CIDR.
func (kl *Kubelet) updatePodCIDR(cidr string) {
	podCIDR := kl.runtimeState.podCIDR()

	if podCIDR == cidr {
		return
	}

	// kubelet -> network plugin
	// cri runtime shims are responsible for their own network plugins
	if kl.networkPlugin != nil {
		details := make(map[string]interface{})
		details[network.NET_PLUGIN_EVENT_POD_CIDR_CHANGE_DETAIL_CIDR] = cidr
		kl.networkPlugin.Event(network.NET_PLUGIN_EVENT_POD_CIDR_CHANGE, details)
	}

	// kubelet -> generic runtime -> runtime shim -> network plugin
	// docker/rkt non-cri implementations have a passthrough UpdatePodCIDR
	if err := kl.GetRuntime().UpdatePodCIDR(cidr); err != nil {
		glog.Errorf("Failed to update pod CIDR: %v", err)
		return
	}

	// We need to be careful about setting podCIDR. Till #35839 lands we're
	// using it to indicate network plugin status for cri shims. See comment
	// in syncNetworkStatus.
	glog.Infof("Setting Pod CIDR: %v -> %v", podCIDR, cidr)
	kl.runtimeState.setPodCIDR(cidr)
}

// shapingEnabled returns whether traffic shaping is enabled.
func (kl *Kubelet) shapingEnabled() bool {
	// Disable shaping if a network plugin is defined and supports shaping
	if kl.networkPlugin != nil && kl.networkPlugin.Capabilities().Has(network.NET_PLUGIN_CAPABILITY_SHAPING) {
		return false
	}
	// This is not strictly true but we need to figure out how to handle
	// bandwidth shaping anyway. If the kubelet doesn't have a networkPlugin,
	// it could mean:
	// a. the kubelet is responsible for bandwidth shaping
	// b. the kubelet is using cri, and the cri has a network plugin
	// Today, the only plugin that understands bandwidth shaping is kubenet, and
	// it doesn't support bandwidth shaping when invoked through cri, so it
	// effectively boils down to letting the kubelet decide how to handle
	// shaping annotations. The combination of (cri + network plugin that
	// handles bandwidth shaping) may not work because of this.
	return true
}

// syncNetworkUtil ensures the network utility are present on host.
// Network util includes:
// 1. 	In nat table, KUBE-MARK-DROP rule to mark connections for dropping
// 	Marked connection will be drop on INPUT/OUTPUT Chain in filter table
// 2. 	In nat table, KUBE-MARK-MASQ rule to mark connections for SNAT
// 	Marked connection will get SNAT on POSTROUTING Chain in nat table
func (kl *Kubelet) syncNetworkUtil() {
	if kl.iptablesMasqueradeBit < 0 || kl.iptablesMasqueradeBit > 31 {
		glog.Errorf("invalid iptables-masquerade-bit %v not in [0, 31]", kl.iptablesMasqueradeBit)
		return
	}

	if kl.iptablesDropBit < 0 || kl.iptablesDropBit > 31 {
		glog.Errorf("invalid iptables-drop-bit %v not in [0, 31]", kl.iptablesDropBit)
		return
	}

	if kl.iptablesDropBit == kl.iptablesMasqueradeBit {
		glog.Errorf("iptables-masquerade-bit %v and iptables-drop-bit %v must be different", kl.iptablesMasqueradeBit, kl.iptablesDropBit)
		return
	}

	// Setup KUBE-MARK-DROP rules
	dropMark := getIPTablesMark(kl.iptablesDropBit)
	if _, err := kl.iptClient.EnsureChain(utiliptables.TableNAT, KubeMarkDropChain); err != nil {
		glog.Errorf("Failed to ensure that %s chain %s exists: %v", utiliptables.TableNAT, KubeMarkDropChain, err)
		return
	}
	if _, err := kl.iptClient.EnsureRule(utiliptables.Append, utiliptables.TableNAT, KubeMarkDropChain, "-j", "MARK", "--set-xmark", dropMark); err != nil {
		glog.Errorf("Failed to ensure marking rule for %v: %v", KubeMarkDropChain, err)
		return
	}
	if _, err := kl.iptClient.EnsureChain(utiliptables.TableFilter, KubeFirewallChain); err != nil {
		glog.Errorf("Failed to ensure that %s chain %s exists: %v", utiliptables.TableFilter, KubeFirewallChain, err)
		return
	}
	if _, err := kl.iptClient.EnsureRule(utiliptables.Append, utiliptables.TableFilter, KubeFirewallChain,
		"-m", "comment", "--comment", "kubernetes firewall for dropping marked packets",
		"-m", "mark", "--mark", dropMark,
		"-j", "DROP"); err != nil {
		glog.Errorf("Failed to ensure rule to drop packet marked by %v in %v chain %v: %v", KubeMarkDropChain, utiliptables.TableFilter, KubeFirewallChain, err)
		return
	}
	if _, err := kl.iptClient.EnsureRule(utiliptables.Prepend, utiliptables.TableFilter, utiliptables.ChainOutput, "-j", string(KubeFirewallChain)); err != nil {
		glog.Errorf("Failed to ensure that %s chain %s jumps to %s: %v", utiliptables.TableFilter, utiliptables.ChainOutput, KubeFirewallChain, err)
		return
	}
	if _, err := kl.iptClient.EnsureRule(utiliptables.Prepend, utiliptables.TableFilter, utiliptables.ChainInput, "-j", string(KubeFirewallChain)); err != nil {
		glog.Errorf("Failed to ensure that %s chain %s jumps to %s: %v", utiliptables.TableFilter, utiliptables.ChainInput, KubeFirewallChain, err)
		return
	}

	// Setup KUBE-MARK-MASQ rules
	masqueradeMark := getIPTablesMark(kl.iptablesMasqueradeBit)
	if _, err := kl.iptClient.EnsureChain(utiliptables.TableNAT, KubeMarkMasqChain); err != nil {
		glog.Errorf("Failed to ensure that %s chain %s exists: %v", utiliptables.TableNAT, KubeMarkMasqChain, err)
		return
	}
	if _, err := kl.iptClient.EnsureChain(utiliptables.TableNAT, KubePostroutingChain); err != nil {
		glog.Errorf("Failed to ensure that %s chain %s exists: %v", utiliptables.TableNAT, KubePostroutingChain, err)
		return
	}
	if _, err := kl.iptClient.EnsureRule(utiliptables.Append, utiliptables.TableNAT, KubeMarkMasqChain, "-j", "MARK", "--set-xmark", masqueradeMark); err != nil {
		glog.Errorf("Failed to ensure marking rule for %v: %v", KubeMarkMasqChain, err)
		return
	}
	if _, err := kl.iptClient.EnsureRule(utiliptables.Prepend, utiliptables.TableNAT, utiliptables.ChainPostrouting,
		"-m", "comment", "--comment", "kubernetes postrouting rules", "-j", string(KubePostroutingChain)); err != nil {
		glog.Errorf("Failed to ensure that %s chain %s jumps to %s: %v", utiliptables.TableNAT, utiliptables.ChainPostrouting, KubePostroutingChain, err)
		return
	}
	if _, err := kl.iptClient.EnsureRule(utiliptables.Append, utiliptables.TableNAT, KubePostroutingChain,
		"-m", "comment", "--comment", "kubernetes service traffic requiring SNAT",
		"-m", "mark", "--mark", masqueradeMark, "-j", "MASQUERADE"); err != nil {
		glog.Errorf("Failed to ensure SNAT rule for packets marked by %v in %v chain %v: %v", KubeMarkMasqChain, utiliptables.TableNAT, KubePostroutingChain, err)
		return
	}
}

// getIPTablesMark returns the fwmark given the bit
func getIPTablesMark(bit int) string {
	value := 1 << uint(bit)
	return fmt.Sprintf("%#08x/%#08x", value, value)
}