USCthesis.sty

%$% USCthesis.sty
%$% USC Thesis/Dissertation document-style
%$% $Header: /export/home/tobor-01/boyoon/cvsroot/paper/thesis/USCthesis.sty,v 1.1.1.1 2003/11/12 19:13:56 boyoon Exp $
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% @LaTeX-style-file{
%%%    Author              = "Brian P. Gerkey",
%%%    Version             = "3.1",
%%%    Date                = "30 August 2002",
%%%    Time                = "14:22:21 EDT",
%%%    Filename            = "USCthesis.sty",
%%%    Address             = "Robotics Research Lab
%%%                           School of Computer Science
%%%                           University of Southern California
%%%                           941 W. 37th Pl.
%%%                           SAL 300, Mailcode 0781
%%%                           Los Angeles, CA 90089-0781
%%%                           USA",
%%%    Telephone           = "(213) 740-6243",
%%%    FAX                 = "",
%%%    Email               = "gerkey@robotics.usc.edu (Internet)",
%%%    CodeTable           = "ISO/ASCII",
%%%    Keywords            = "LaTeX, Thesis, Dissertation",
%%%    Archives            = "shsu*",
%%%    Supported           = "yes",
%%%    Abstract            = "LaTeX document-style for typesetting
%%%                           Theses or Dissertations in accordance
%%%                           with the University of Southern
%%%                           California Regulations for Format and
%%%                           Presentation of Theses and Dissertations.
%%%                           It provides some alternative ``bells and
%%%                           whistles'' such as support for
%%%                           multi-volume documents."
%%%    Note                = "Requires the `doublespace' and `tabularx'
%%%                           packages, in addition to the standard LaTeX
%%%                           `report' class."
%%%    SeeAlso             = "techreport.sty",
%%% }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%$% $Log: USCthesis.sty,v $
%$%
%$% Revision 1.4.2  2023/05/11 00:00:00  Calvin Ardi
%$%   ToC: Every entry now has leading dots to the page number.
%$%     Previously only headings of depth 1 (section) and below
%$%     had leading dots. Credit: Valeriu Balaban for fix.
%$%
%$% Revision 1.4.1  2022/06/16 00:00:00  Calvin Ardi
%$%   ToC: chapter titles and page numbers are now medium-weight instead
%$%     of bold--USC style guidelines state that page numbers are always
%$%     non-bold. (Credit: James Preiss for finding bug)
%$%   Package: adds `tocbold` option to bold chapter titles in ToC
%$%
%$% Revision 1.4.0  2020/06/25 00:00:00  Calvin Ardi
%$%   Page: margins are now 1" all around (before: accounted for margin
%$%     gutter)
%$%   Page: footer margin for page numbers are 0.5" from the bottom
%$%   Title page: remove horizontal rule
%$%   Title page: now properly centered on the page
%$%   PDF: fix pdfbookmarks for chapters, formatted as "[Title]" (was:
%$%     "Chapter [Title]")
%$%   Prefacesection: fixed layout/formatting to be consistent with all
%$%     other sections/chapters
%$%
%$% Revision 1.3.1  2016/06/15 19:00:00  Masoud Moshref
%$%      Remove \reference command. Use biblatex package insteaad
%$%   Fix appendix and prefacesection to work with hyperref package
%$%
%$% Revision 1.3  2010/08/12 19:00:00  Marcos Vieira
%$%   Fix Title to be double spaced
%$%   Fix default to be 'FACULTY OF USC GRADUATE SCHOOL'
%$%   Fix default to be 'References' (Reference List has been deprecated)
%$%   Fix the thickness of the front page line
%$%
%$% Revision 1.2.1  2008/03/14 13:47:00  dlatimer
%$% updated TOC to have title "Table of Contents"
%$% updated TOC to have chapters be formatted "Chapter X:   Blah"
%$%
%$% Revision 1.1.1.1  2003/11/12 19:13:56  boyoon
%$% imported version
%$%
%$% Revision 1.2  2003/07/16 17:35:55  gerkey
%$% updated uscthesis
%$%
%$% Revision 1.16  2003/07/16 17:25:17  gerkey
%$% changed version num
%$%
%$% Revision 1.15  2003/07/12 04:28:48  gerkey
%$% made prefacesection titles left-justified, rather than centered
%$%
%$% Revision 1.14  2003/06/12 23:30:55  gerkey
%$% added proquest package
%$%
%$% Revision 1.13  2003/06/12 20:00:20  gerkey
%$% foo
%$%
%$% Revision 1.12  2003/06/12 17:23:11  gerkey
%$% foo
%$%
%$% Revision 1.11  2003/04/28 23:41:05  gerkey
%$% fixed spacing between Copyright and author name
%$%
%$% Revision 1.10  2003/04/28 23:33:55  gerkey
%$% took out incorrect documentation
%$%
%$% Revision 1.9  2002/08/30 19:43:04  gerkey
%$% slight changes
%$%
%$% Revision 1.8  2002/08/30 19:24:38  gerkey
%$% removed extra inter-chapter spacing in LOF and LOT by redefining report.cls's
%$% \chapter command.
%$%
%$% Revision 1.7  2002/08/30 17:55:55  gerkey
%$% changed (fixed) page margins and used \setstretch{2.0} to get "real"
%$% double-spacing, per Yaser's comments.  except for spacing in lof and lot,
%$% we're in compliance with 2002 guidelines.
%$%
%$% Revision 1.6  2002/08/27 19:47:38  gerkey
%$% made the following fixes:
%$%   - body uses true doublespacing
%$%   - listoffigures and listoftables entries are singlespaced, with
%$%       doublespacing between entries
%$%   - cover page re-formatted to match guidelines
%$%
%$% Revision 1.5  2002/08/19 18:49:15  gerkey
%$% fixed two user-reported bugs in order to adhere to the 2002 guidelines:
%$%
%$%   - Submission date on cover is now normal, not bold
%$%
%$%   - Copyright notice on cover is now not centered; rather the "Copyright 2002"
%$%     is on the left, and the author name is on the right.
%$%
%$% Revision 1.4  2001/11/08 22:19:37  gerkey
%$% changed comments and docs
%$%
%$% Revision 1.3  2001/11/08 01:25:29  gerkey
%$% rejigged to start from v.2.3
%$%
%%
%%
%$%  Revision 3.0  2001/11/07  16:47:08  brian gerkey (gerkey@usc.edu)
%$%  Converted from a LaTeX 2.09 style to a LaTeX2e package
%$%
%$%      - AFAIK, there are no changes to style, layout, or default options;
%$%          just some hacking to adhere to the LaTeX2e package interface.
%$%
%$%      - Usage is now as follows:
%$%          \documentclass{report}
%$%          \usepackage[<options>]{USCthesis}
%$%          \begin{document}
%$%       <options> can be any of the old options (e.g., proposal, fussy),
%$%       as documented below.
%$%
%%   Added some comments.  And corrected some spelling.
%$%
%$%  Revision 2.3  92/08/13  14:22:21  sdc
%$%  Added \universityname for easy use outside USC.  Also the
%$%  \if@techreport switch can be used to turn off the one-side-only
%$%  warning message (for better interface with the techreport style
%$%  option).  Placed a check for TeX-3.0 to allow an old TeX to work
%$%  without warnings.  Cleaned-up the code and comments a little.
%$%
%$%  Revision 2.2  92/06/29  10:59:15  sdc
%$%  Added standard file header for style.
%$%
%$%  Revision 2.1  91/02/09  00:54:08  cochran
%$%  Fixed bug in interaction with techreport.sty.
%$%
%$%  Revision 2.0  91/01/03  16:12:48  cochran
%$%  Merged divergent branches by cochran@iris.usc.edu (1.10) and by
%$%  tli@almaak.usc.edu (1.11); these are common up to revision 1.8.
%$%  Removed fix in 1.11 which added Reference List to the TOC since
%$%  this is handled by the \references command.
%$%
%$%    Changes by tli@almaak.usc.edu:
%$%
%$%      1.11 (90/09/23) Change title font to 12pt.  Change author's
%$%      font to 12pt.  Fix Reference List so that it shows up in TOC.
%$%      Break the way that appendices show up in TOC.
%$%
%$%      1.10 (90/07/10) Added a hack to make it work with TeX 3.0.
%$%
%$%      1.9 (90/01/30) Make subsubsections show up with numbered
%$%      labels and in the TOC.
%$%
%$%    Changes by cochran@iris.usc.edu:
%$%
%$%      1.10 (90/12/29) Added commands and modified \title to allow
%$%        multiple volume dissertations.  Fixed bug which caused the
%$%        pagestyle of the TOC to be wrong if there were no
%$%        preceeding prefacesections.
%$%
%$%      1.9 (90/12/03)  Corrected title size to correspond to the
%$%        University Publications statement that the "Title must be
%$%        the same size as `FACULTY OF ...' and no bold print.  Also
%$%        added an optional argument to the \pageleft command to
%$%        allow the fine tuning of the gutter margin in the
%$%        techreport style option.
%$%
%$%  Revision 1.8  89/09/15  19:39:11  tli
%$%  Change spacing in accordance with University Publications.
%$%
%$%  Revision 1.7  89/01/27  13:56:04  tli
%$%  Too much space after a saying.
%$%
%$%  Revision 1.6  89/01/26  14:01:20  tli
%$%  Added the saying environment.
%$%
%$%  Revision 1.5  88/11/02  10:42:47  cochran
%$%  Minor corrections and removal of unnecessary \makeatletter and
%$%  \makeatother.
%$%
%$%  Revision 1.4  88/10/20  11:58:38  cochran
%$%  Updated to allow the user more control over spacing to the "blue
%$%  lines," and to be in accordance with the USC Regulations for
%$%  Format and Presentation of Theses and Dissertations, published
%$%  March 1987.
%$%
%$%  Revision 1.3  88/03/16  10:49:19  cochran
%$%  Several small updates to \committee as suggested by peng@USC-IRIS.
%$%
%$%  Revision 1.1  88/03/05  20:04:51  cochran
%$%  Set penalties, and new margin and page sizes.  Fixed bug which
%$%  caused a wrong contents page for long lists of figures or tables.
%$%
%$%  Revision 1.0  87/03/05  18:29:34  cochran
%$%  Created by combining the best (?) features of the dissertation
%$%  styles written by Herb Barad @ USC-SIPI and Howard Trickey @
%$%  Stanford University.
%$%
%$% NOTE:  This style assumes the existance of Stephen Page's
%$%        `doublespace' package in addition to the standard
%$%        LaTeX `report' document class.
%%%
%%% Example:
%%%
%%%    \documentclass[11pt]{report}
%%%    \usepackage[proposal]{USCthesis}
%%%    \usepackage[backend=bibtex,style=numeric,hyperref=true]{biblatex}
%%%    \addbibresource{mybib.bib}
%%%    \begin{document}
%%%    \title[Volume I]{Dissertation Title}
%%%    \author{Terry FullName Candidate}
%%%    \committee{J.~Smith & (Chairperson)\\*
%%%               N.~Jones\\*
%%%               S.~Foobar & (Outside Member)}
%%%    \begin{preface}
%%%      \prefacesection{Dedication}
%%%        This dissertation is dedicated to . . .
%%%      \prefacesection{Acknowledgements}
%%%        I would like to thank . . .
%%%        \tableofcontents
%%%        \listoftables
%%%        \listoffigures
%%%      \prefacesection{Abstract}
%%%        This dissertation contains all knowledge about . . .
%%%    \end{preface}
%%%    \chapter{Introduction}
%%%         . . .
%%%    \chapter{Conclusions}
%%%         . . .
%%%    %\cleardoublepage % Might need to use this command to fix References TOC page number
%%%    \begin{singlespace}
%%%      \printbibliography[title={References},heading=bibintoc]
%%%      \appendix
%%%      \chapter{A Long Proof}
%%%         . . .
%%%    \end{singlespace}
%%%         . . .
%%%    \addvolumecontents{thesis_part2}
%%%    \addvolumecontents{thesis_part3}
%%%    \addvolumecontents[lof]{thesis_part2}
%%%    \end{document}
%%%
%%% Documentation:
%%%
%%%  This style file modifies the standard report class to follow the
%%%  "USC Regulations for Format and Presentation of Theses and
%%%  Dissertations" (July 1989) document published by the Office of
%%%  University Publications.
%%%
%%%  The following options are available for use in the
%%%  \usepackage[<options>]{USCthesis} (other formatting options,
%%%  such as specifying the base typesize, should be given as
%%%  \documentclass[<options>]{report})
%%%
%%%     `dissertation' (default), or `thesis' title page.
%%%
%%%     `final' (default) or `proposal' layout.
%%%
%%%     `copyright' (default) or `nocopyright' message on title page.
%%%       This affects the `final' layout only.
%%%
%%%     `fussy' (default) or `sloppy' word spacing.  This affects the
%%%       alignment at the right margin.  Fussy will sometimes write
%%%       over the blue line but is very useful for finding problem
%%%       areas during the development of the thesis.  Sloppy will
%%%       insure that no line passes the right margin, but may need
%%%       to over stretch the line and thus generate an underfilled
%%%       hbox message.
%%%
%%%     `clref' (default) or `opref' to set the open or closed format
%%%       of the entries in the references section.
%%%
%%%     `flushbottom' (default) or `raggedbottom' to make text either flush
%%%       or ragged at the bottom of each page.
%%%
%%%     `tocbold' to make the chapter titles in the Table of Contents
%%%       bold. Default is non-bold chapter titles. Page numbers are
%%%       always non-bold.
%%%
%%%  The following may be set PRIOR to the \begin{document} in order
%%%  to make adjustments to fit the text in the "blue lines".  The
%%%  values listed below are the defaults:
%%%
%%%     \pagetop{1.1 true in}     % 1 inch plus allowance
%%%     \pageleft{1.6 true in}    % 1.5 inches plus allowance
%%%     \pageheight{8.5 true in}  % 9 inches minus allowance
%%%     \pagewidth{5.85 true in}  % 6 inches minus allowance
%%%     \pagemargin{2.0}          % Number of (unstretched) lines
%%%                               %   between text and page number
%%%     \setstretch{1.3}          % Set the "double" spacing
%%%
%%%  These values vary according to the printer being used (even
%%%  different instances of the same brand will transfer the paper
%%%  just a little differently).  The best way to adjust them is to
%%%  run three or four pages of the "blue line" paper through the
%%%  printer that will be used.  Choose pages with full amount of
%%%  text.  Then adjust the \pageleft (and \pagewidth if necessary) by
%%%  the average amount necessary over the pages.  Next do the same
%%%  for \pagetop and \pageheight.  Leave enough allowance to allow
%%%  for the paper to shift a little, usually a little more in the
%%%  direction of travel.  Set the \pagemargin and \setstretch to
%%%  values that look good and will pass the reviewer.
%%%
%%%  The following commands control what goes on the title page.
%%%
%%%     \title[volume]{thesis title}
%%%             - The thesis title is set using the \title command.
%%%               The optional volume parameter allows the
%%%               specification of the volume on the title page for
%%%               long papers which are divided.
%%%
%%%     \author{author's full name}
%%%             - Authors name.
%%%
%%%     \universityname{UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA}
%%%             - The university's name (the above is the default).
%%%
%%%     \schoolname{name of the school granting the degree}
%%%             - "USC GRADUATE SCHOOL" is the default.  Changing this
%%%               also has the effect of turning off the \majorfield
%%%               entry.  This affects the `final' layout only.
%%%
%%%     \degree{degree name}
%%%             - defaults to "Master of Science" or "Doctor of
%%%               Philosophy" depending on whether the `thesis' or
%%%               `dissertation' option is in effect.  This affects
%%%               the `final' layout only.
%%%
%%%     \majorfield{author's major}
%%%             - "Electrical Engineering" if omitted.  Changing the
%%%               \schoolname has the effect of turning off the
%%%               display of the major field.  If you specify this
%%%               command after changing the \schoolname, both will be
%%%               shown on the titlepage.  This affects the `final'
%%%               layout only.
%%%
%%%     \committee{name1\\* name2\\* name3}
%%%             - Currently this in only used on with the `proposal'
%%%               option, since the signature page MUST be the one
%%%               supplied by the University.  This affects the
%%%               `proposal' layout only.
%%%
%%%     \submitdate{month & year in which submitted to Graduate School}
%%%             - current month & year if omitted.
%%%
%%%     \copyrightyear{year degree conferred (next year if submitted in Dec.)}
%%%             - current year (or next year, in December) if omitted.
%%%               This affects only the `final' layout and only when
%%%               the `copyright' option is in effect.
%%%
%%%  The PREFACE environment prints the titlepage and sets up the page
%%%  formatting for the preface pages.  To create a preface section
%%%  use the command:
%%%
%%%     \prefacesection[optional TOC name]{name}
%%%
%%%  To generate the Table of Contents, and the Lists of Tables and
%%%  Figures, use the commands:
%%%
%%%     \tableofcontents[CONTENTS]
%%%     \listoftables[LIST OF TABLES]
%%%     \listoffigures[LIST OF FIGURES]
%%%
%%%  the bracketed names are used at the top of the sections and in
%%%  the Table of Contents for the tables and figures.
%%%
%%%  When multiple volumes are present (as indicated by the use of the
%%%  optional argument of the \title command), the Table of Contents
%%%  may be augmented by specifying the name of the other parts of the
%%%  document with the command:
%%%
%%%     \addvolumecontents[toc]{volumename}
%%%
%%%  This command should be placed right after the \begin{document}
%%%  command to include prior volumes, and just before the
%%%  \end{document} command to include the contents of later volumes.
%%%  By default (if the optional [] section is ommited) it reads in
%%%  the volumename.toc file (if present).  Using [lof] or [lot] work
%%%  in the same way for the lists of figures and tables respectively.
%%%
%%%  To start the document at a page other than 1 (for later volumes)
%%%  you can use the command:
%%%
%%%     \startingpagenumber{1}{1}
%%%
%%%  prior to the \begin{preface} command.  The first argument is the
%%%  page number of the titlepage and subsequent pages numbered with
%%%  roman numerals and the second is the number of the first page
%%%  after the preface section. The defaults are shown above.
%%%
%%%  To include a reference section, use biblatex package:
%%%
%%%  The `saying' environment is used to set a cutesy little quotation
%%%  at the start of the chapter, just after the chapter head.  To use:
%%%
%%%     \begin{saying}
%%%         If this exercise isn't just a joke, the title of \\
%%%         this appendix is a lie.
%%%     \end{saying}
%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% make it a modern package - BPG
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesPackage{USCthesis}[2023/05/11 v1.4.2]

%%
%% Declare the dissertation style
%%
\typeout{Dissertation/thesis package USCthesis Version 1.4.2 as
          of 11 May 2023}

%%
%% the following option-parsing code is changed to conform to the LaTeX2e
%% package interface - BPG

%%
%%  Define style option flags
%%
\newif\ifthesis
\DeclareOption{dissertation}{
  \thesisfalse % Default
}
\DeclareOption{thesis} {
  \thesistrue
}

\newif\ifproposal
\DeclareOption{final} {
  \proposalfalse % Default
}
\DeclareOption{proposal} {
  \proposaltrue
}


\newif\ifcopyright
\DeclareOption{copyright} {
  \copyrighttrue
}
\DeclareOption{nocopyright} {
  \copyrightfalse
}

\DeclareOption{fussy} {
  \fussy % Default
}
\DeclareOption{sloppy} {
  \sloppy
}

\newif\ifflushbottom
\DeclareOption{flushbottom} {
  \flushbottomtrue % Default
}
\DeclareOption{raggedbottom} {
  \flushbottomfalse
}

\newif\ifopenbib
\DeclareOption{opref} {
  \openbibtrue
}
\DeclareOption{clref} {
  \def\ds@clref{\openbibfalse} % Default
}


\newif\if@techreport
\DeclareOption{techreport} {
  \@techreporttrue                   %   the option is present, but
  \xdef\@optionfiles{%                   still add to the \@optionfiles
    \@optionfiles                    %   list.
    \@elt techreport.sty\relax
}}


\newif\iftocbold
\tocboldfalse % Default
\DeclareOption{tocbold} {
  \tocboldtrue
}

% set the defaults
\ExecuteOptions{dissertation,final,copyright,fussy,clref,flushbottom}
\ProcessOptions

%%
%% Define the Layout adjustment commands.
%%
%% Initialization of values is made after loading the report style.
%%
\def\pagetop#1{%
  \global \topmargin #1                    % Nominal distance from page top to
  \global\advance \topmargin -1.0 true in} %   top of boxwith running head.

\def\pageleft{%
  \@ifnextchar [%
    {\@pageleft}%
    {\@pageleft[0pt]}}

\def\@pageleft[#1]#2{%
  \if@twoside
    %% Values for two-sided printing: (1/2 inch gutter margin)
    \global \oddsidemargin #2          % Left margin on odd-numbered pages.
    \global\advance \oddsidemargin -1.0 true in
    \global \evensidemargin #2         % Left margin on even-numbered pages.
    \global\advance \evensidemargin -1.5 true in
    \global\advance \evensidemargin #1 % Adjustment for fine-tuning gutter
                                       %   margin
    \flushbottom
    \ifproposal\else\if@techreport\else
       \typeout{Warning: Thesis/Dissertation should be
                           printed on one side only.}
    \fi\fi
  \else
    %% Values for one-sided printing:
    \global \oddsidemargin #2
    \global\advance \oddsidemargin -1.0 true in
    \global \evensidemargin \oddsidemargin
    \raggedbottom
  \fi}

%
% \footheight disappears in LaTeX2e (it was never used in 2.09 anyway).  as
% such, \pageheight now takes just one arg and doesn't manipulate \footheight
%    - BPG
%\def\@pageheight[#1]#2{%
  %\global \footheight #1%
  %\global \textheight #2%
  %\global\advance \textheight -\footheight}
\def\pageheight#1{\global \textheight #1}

\def\pagewidth#1{\global \textwidth #1}

\def\pagemargin#1{\global \footskip #1\baselineskip}

%%
%% Let the user declare the document to be of \documentclass{report},
%% then \usepackage{USCthesis} -BPG
%%
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage[titles]{tocloft} % `titles` option typesets titles with
                             % default LaTeX methods

%%
%% Modify Penalties
%%
\brokenpenalty 10000       % Disallow page breaks at hyphens (this
                           %   will give some underfull vbox's, so an
                           %   alternative is to use \brokenpenalty=100
                           %   and manually search for and fix such page
                           %   breaks)
\clubpenalty 10000         % Disallow club (orphan) lines
\displaywidowpenalty 10000 % Disallow widow lines before display
\widowpenalty 10000        % Disallow widow lines

%%
%% Disallow x- or -xx breaks.  But if used in an old TeX, we will just
%% have to do without and hope for the best.
%%
\ifx\undefined\inputlineno\else
  \lefthyphenmin=2
  \righthyphenmin=3
\fi

%%
%% Set the Page Style Parameters
%%
\@addtoreset{equation}{chapter}   % Have the equation reset in each chapter
\headheight 0.0 true pt           % Height of box containing running head
\headsep    0.0 true pt           % Size of strut between head and text
\topskip   10.0 true pt           % Baselineskip for the first line of page
\itemsep    0.0 true pt           % Extra vertical space, in addition to
                                  %   \parskip, added between list items

\footskip   0.5 true in           % page number must be 0.5" from bottom

\pagetop{1.0 true in}   % 1 inch plus allowance
\pageleft{1.0 true in}  % 1.5 inches plus allowance
\pageheight{9 true in}  % 9 inches minus allowance
\pagewidth{6.5 true in} % 6 inches minus allowance
%\pagemargin{2.0}       % Number of (unstretched) lines
                        % between text and page number

\setstretch{2.0}        % get "real" double spacing?

\ifflushbottom
  \flushbottom
\fi

%%
%% Redefine some font sizes so that things don't get too big.
%%
\let\LARGE=\Large
\let\huge=\Large
\let\Huge=\Large

%%
%% Redefine plain style page to move the page number to the lower
%% right corner.
%%
\if@twoside
  \def\ps@plain{%
    \def\@oddhead{}%
    \def\@oddfoot{\hfil\rm\thepage}%
    \def\@evenhead{}
    \def\@evenfoot{\rm\thepage\hfil}}%
\else
  \def\ps@plain{%
    \def\@oddhead{}%
    \def\@oddfoot{\hfil\rm\thepage}%
    \def\@evenhead{}
    \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot}%
\fi

%%
%% Define Title Page Macros
%%
%% \title and \author is defined in latex.tex, but we will need to
%% redefine \title to allow the optional argument.  Also, the \thanks
%% command is disabled and such footnotes will be thrown away or will
%% appear in the wrong place.
%%
\def\title{%
  \@ifnextchar [%
    {\@title}%
    {\@title[\@empty]}}

\def\@title[#1]#2{%
  \gdef\@volume{#1}%
  \gdef\@title{#2}}

%%
%% The \addvolumecontents will add the contents of other volumes to
%% the current volume. This command should be placed after the
%% \begin{document} for earlier volumes and before the \end{document}
%% for later ones.
%%
\def\thesisinput#1{%
  \if@filesw
    \begingroup
      \let\thesisinput=\@gobble % Inhibit recursive \thesisinput's
      \@input{#1}%
    \endgroup
  \fi}

\def\addvolumecontents{%
  \@ifnextchar [%
    {\@addvolumecontents}%
    {\@addvolumecontents[toc]}}

\long\def\@addvolumecontents[#1]#2{%
  \if@filesw
    \begingroup
      \let\label\@gobble
      \let\index\@gobble
      \let\glossary\@gobble
      \def\protect##1{\string\string\string##1\string\space \space}%
      \edef\@tempa{%
        \immediate\write\@auxout{%
          \string\@writefile{#1}{\protect \thesisinput{#2.#1}}}}%
      \@tempa
      \if@nobreak
        \ifvmode
          \nobreak
        \fi
      \fi
    \endgroup
  \fi
  \relax}

%%
%%  The \startingpagenumber command will change the default starting
%%  page number for the first (title) page of the current volume and
%%  for the first page after the preface section.
%%
\def\@startpageA{1}
\def\@startpageB{1}

\def\startingpagenumber#1#2{%
  \gdef\@startpageA{#1}%
  \gdef\@startpageB{#2}}

%%
%% The following flag is used to suppress the major field name on the
%% title page when the default school is changed (only the USC GRADUATE
%% SCHOOL currently uses a major field).  Setting \majorfield after
%% \schoolname will reset the flag and allow the printing of another
%% school with a major field in addition.
%%
\newif\ifshowmajorfield
\showmajorfieldtrue

\def\universityname#1{%
  \gdef\@university{\uppercase{#1}}}
\def\@university{UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA}

\def\schoolname#1{%
  \gdef\@schoolname{#1}%
  \showmajorfieldfalse}
\def\@schoolname{USC GRADUATE SCHOOL}

\def\degree#1{%
  \ifthesis
    \gdef\@mastersdegree{#1}%
  \else
    \gdef\@doctorsdegree{#1}}
\def\@mastersdegree{MASTER OF SCIENCE}
\def\@doctorsdegree{DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY}

\def\majorfield#1{%
  \gdef\@majorfield{#1}%
  \showmajorfieldtrue}
\def\@majorfield{Electrical Engineering}

\def\committee#1{\gdef\@committee{#1}}
\def\@committee{}

\def\submitdate#1{\gdef\@submitdate{#1}}
\def\@submitdate{%
  \ifcase \the\month
    \or January%
    \or February%
    \or March%
    \or April%
    \or May%
    \or June%
    \or July%
    \or August%
    \or September%
    \or October%
    \or November%
    \or December%
  \fi
  \space
  \number \the\year}

\def\copyrightyear#1{\gdef\@copyrightyear{#1}}
%% December dissertations should have the next year as the copyright year
\ifnum \month=12
  \@tempcnta=\year
  \advance\@tempcnta by 1
  \edef\@copyrightyear{\number \the\@tempcnta}
\else
  \def\@copyrightyear{\number \the\year}
\fi

%%
%% Create the PREFACE environment.  The titlepage is generated when
%% the environment is first entered and the numbering is roman within
%% the preface.  The \endpreface switches to arabic numbering.
%%
\newenvironment{preface}{%
  \newpage
  \pagenumbering{roman}%
  \pagestyle{empty}%
  \begin{singlespace}%
    \ifproposal
      \makeproptitle
      \setcounter{page}{1}%
      \addtocounter{page}{\@startpageA}% Advance page counter for title page.
    \else
      \maketitle
      \setcounter{page}{1}%
      \addtocounter{page}{\@startpageA}% Advance page counter for (signature
    \fi                                %   and) title.  At USC, the signature
 \newpage                              %   page is not counted!
%    \ifx\@volume\@empty\else % Add Volume ID to contents if present.
%      \addtocontents{toc}{\protect\contentsline{part}{\@volume}{}}%
%    \fi
  \end{singlespace}%
  \pagestyle{plain}}{%
  \newpage
  \pagenumbering{arabic}%
  \pagestyle{plain}%
  \setcounter{page}{\@startpageB}}

%%
%% Define the PROPOSAL title page
%%
\def\makeproptitle{%
  \begin{titlepage}%
    \null
    \vskip 60.0 true pt%          To adjust centering.
    \begin{center}
      {\Large \@title \par}%      Set title in \Large size.
      \ifx\@volume\@empty\else
        \vskip 3em%               Vertical space before volume.
        \@volume
      \fi
      \vskip 3em%                 Vertical space after title.
      \ifthesis
        {Masters Thesis Proposal}%
      \else
        {Ph.D. Dissertation Proposal}%
      \fi\\*%
      {submitted by}%
      \vskip 3em                % Vertical space before author.
      {\lineskip .75em
       \@author
       \par}%
      \vskip 1.5cm              % Vertical space before date.
      {\small
        \@submitdate
        \par}%
      \vskip 1.5in
      {{\bf Guidance Committee}\\*[1.0 true cm]%
      \begin{tabular}[t]{ll}\@committee
      \end{tabular}\par}%
    \end{center}%
    \par
    \vfil
    \end{titlepage}}

%%
%% Make the Dissertation titlepage
%%
\def\maketitle{%
  \large  % title page should be 11pt or 12pt.  this should do.
  \begin{titlepage}%
    \setcounter{page}{0}%
    \null
    \vfill%\vfill
    \begin{center}%
    % Added by Marcos
    \begin{doublespace}
    %\doublespacing
      {\@title \par}%         Set title the same size as "FACULTY OF ..."
      \ifx\@volume\@empty\else
        \vskip 0.16 true in
        \@volume
      \fi
      % changed to 0.16 by Marcos
      \vskip 0.5 true in
      by%
      \vskip 0.16 true in
      % remove tabular environment to get it aligned within
      % bounding box ---calvin 2019-04-04
      \@author\\*[.66 true in]%
      %\rule{5.8 true in}{0.010 true in}
      % remove the horizontal rule per Manuscript formatting guidelines
      % ---calvin 2020-06-12
      \par
      \vskip 1.0 true in
      % Added by Marcos
    \end{doublespace}
    %\singlespace
      \ifthesis
        A Thesis Presented to the%
      \else
        A Dissertation Presented to the%
      \fi\\%*[0.1 true in]%
      FACULTY OF THE \@schoolname\\%*[0.1 true in]%
      \@university\\%*[0.1 true in]%
      In Partial Fulfillment of the\\%*[0.1 true in]%
      Requirements for the Degree\\%*[0.1 true in]%
      \ifthesis
        \@mastersdegree
      \else
        \@doctorsdegree
      \fi\\%*[0.1 true in]%
      \ifshowmajorfield
        (\@majorfield)%
      \fi\\%*[1.0 true cm]%
      %\vfill
      \vskip 0.75 true in
      \@submitdate%   should be just month and year
    \end{center}%
    \par
    \vfill
    \ifcopyright
          \noindent Copyright~ \@copyrightyear \hfill \@author
    \fi
  \end{titlepage}}

%%
%% Start a Preface Page
%%
\newdimen\prefacetopspace
% spacing from the top for preface pages (abstract, acknowledgements,
% etc.) should be the same as chapters (\@makechapterhead)
% ---calvin 2020-02-25
\prefacetopspace=50 pt

\def\prefacesection{%
  \@ifnextchar [%
    {\@prefacesectionB}%
    {\@prefacesectionA}}

\def\@prefacesectionA#1{%
  \@prefacesectionB[#1]{#1}}

\def\@prefacesectionB[#1]#2{%
  % old way of doing a preface section ---calvin 2019-12-21
  % \newpage
  % \pagestyle{plain}%
  % \phantomsection
  % \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}
  % \null
  % \vskip\prefacetopspace
  % %\begin{center}%
  %   \section*{#2}%
  % %\end{center}%

  % to make the sections look consistent with the other chapters and
  % bibliography (top margin, etc.), we'll use \chapter instead of
  % \section.
  \newpage
  % next 2 lines are after \newpage so bookmarks go to the same
  % consistent spot as chapters, LOF, LOT, etc. ---calvin 2020-02-25
  \phantomsection
  \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}
  %
  \pagestyle{plain}%
  \null
  \vskip\prefacetopspace%
  \section*{#2}%
  \vskip 30 pt
}

%%
%% Make the Table of Contents and Figures/Tables pages
%%

% Table of Contents now looks consistent with other Chapters and
% prefacesections. We want a PDF bookmark, but not an actual line entry in
% the Table of Contents. ---calvin 2019-12-21

% Chapter titles are by default set to medium-weight (`\mdseries`)
% and can be configured to be bold-weight (`\bfseries`). Per USC style
% guidelines, page numbers are always medium-weight.
% ---calvin 2022-06-16
\iftocbold
    \renewcommand{\cftchapfont}{\bfseries}

    % change the weight of the dots
    \renewcommand{\cftchapleader}{\bfseries\cftdotfill{\cftchapdotsep}}
\else
    \renewcommand{\cftchapfont}{\mdseries}

    % change the weight of the dots
    \renewcommand{\cftchapleader}{\mdseries\cftdotfill{\cftchapdotsep}}
\fi

\renewcommand{\cftchapdotsep}{\cftdotsep}  % add dots in between chapter names
                                           %   and page numbers

\renewcommand{\cftchappagefont}{\mdseries} % page numbers should always
                                           %   be non-bold

\renewcommand{\cftchappresnum}{Chapter }   % add prefix "Chapter "
                                           %   before the chapter number

% Increase the width of the text+number box so that multi-line chapter
% titles are vertically aligned
\newlength{\mychplen}
\settowidth{\mychplen}{\cftchapfont{}Chapter} % don't include the " "
                                              %   after "Chapter"
\addtolength{\cftchapnumwidth}{\mychplen}     % add extra space

\def\tableofcontents{%
  \newpage
  \pdfbookmark{Table of Contents}{Table of Contents}
  \chapter*{Table of Contents}%
  \begin{singlespace}
    \vskip -1em
    \@starttoc{toc}%
  \end{singlespace}
}

\def\listoftables{%
  \@ifstar
    {\@ifnextchar [%
       {\@starspeciallist{lot}}%
       {\@starspeciallist{lot}[List of Tables]}}%
    {\@ifnextchar [%
       {\@speciallist{lot}}%
       {\@speciallist{lot}[List of Tables]}}}

\def\listoffigures{%
  \@ifstar
    {\@ifnextchar [%
       {\@starspeciallist{lof}}%
       {\@starspeciallist{lof}[List of Figures]}}%
    {\@ifnextchar [%
       {\@speciallist{lof}}%
       {\@speciallist{lof}[List of Figures]}}}

% add a bit of glue to avoid overflow/overfull hboxes in the TOC
% ---calvin 2020-06-14
\def\@tocrmarg{2.55em plus 3em}

% redefine commands used to generate entries in lof and lot, in order to make
% them singlespace within each entry (leaving doublespace between entries)
\renewcommand*\l@figure[2]{
  \begin{singlespace}
  \@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}{#1}{#2}
  \end{singlespace}
}
\let\l@table\l@figure

\def\@starspeciallist#1[#2]{%
  \newpage
  \@restonecolfalse
  \if@twocolumn
    \@restonecoltrue
    \onecolumn
  \fi
  \chapter*{#2}%
  \@starttoc{#1}%
  \if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}

\def\@speciallist#1[#2]{%
  \newpage
  \@restonecolfalse
  \if@twocolumn
    \@restonecoltrue
    \onecolumn
  \fi
  \chapter*{#2}%
  \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#2}
  \@starttoc{#1}%
  \if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}

%%
%% Redefine the report.sty chapter definitions to suppress hyphenation
%% in the titles.
%%
\def\@makechapterhead#1{%
  \vspace*{50pt}%
  {\parindent 0pt
   \raggedright
   \hyphenpenalty 10000%
   \ifnum \c@secnumdepth > \m@ne
     \Large\bf \@chapapp{} \thechapter\par
     \vskip 20pt
   \fi
   \Large\bf #1\par
   \nobreak
   \vskip 40pt}
  \hyphenpenalty 50}

\def\@makeschapterhead#1{%
  \vspace*{50pt}%
  {\parindent 0pt
   \raggedright
   \hyphenpenalty 10000%
   \Large\bf #1\par
   \nobreak
   \vskip 40pt}
  \hyphenpenalty 50}

%%
%% Redefine the report.sty section definitions.  The \@startsection
%% command takes the arguments:
%%
%%       {Name}{Level}{Indent}{BeforeSkip}{AfterSkip}{Style}
%%
%% ABS(BeforeSkip) == amount to skip; if (BeforeSkip < 0), suppress
%% the par indent of the text following the heading.
%%
%% ABS(AfterSkip) == amount to skip; if (AfterSkip < 0), make the
%% following text "run-in" after the heading.
%%
%% Also new section takes a `*' which suppress the section counting,
%% and if the `*' is not present an optional [Altheading]{heading}
%% pair.
%%

% also, redefine the \chapter command in order to remove the inter-chapter
% spacing that is normally added to the LOF and LOT
\renewcommand\chapter{\if@openright\cleardoublepage\else\clearpage\fi
                      \thispagestyle{plain}%
                      \global\@topnum\z@
                      \@afterindentfalse
                      \secdef\@chapter\@schapter}
\def\@chapter[#1]#2{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
                      \refstepcounter{chapter}%
                      \typeout{\@chapapp\space\thechapter.}%
                      \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect\numberline{\thechapter:}#1}%
                    \else
                      \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Chapter: #1}%
                                  {\texorpdfstring{Chapter: #1}{#1}}%
                    \fi
                    \chaptermark{#1}%
                    \if@twocolumn
                      \@topnewpage[\@makechapterhead{#2}]%
                    \else
                      \@makechapterhead{#2}%
                      \@afterheading
                    \fi}

\def\section{\@startsection{section}%                    Name
            {1}%                                         Level
            {\z@}%                                       Indent
            {-3.5ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}%              BeforeSkip
            {2.3ex plus .2ex}%                           AfterSkip
            {\Large\bf\hyphenpenalty 10000}}%            Style

\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}%              Name
               {2}%                                      Level
               {\z@}%                                    Indent
               {-3.5ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}%           BeforeSkip
               {1.5ex plus .2ex}%                        AfterSkip
               {\large\bf\hyphenpenalty 10000}}%         Style

\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}%        Name
                  {3}%                                   Level
                  {\z@}%                                 Indent
                  {-3.5ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}%        BeforeSkip
                  {1.5ex plus .2ex}%                     AfterSkip
                  {\normalsize\bf\hyphenpenalty 10000}}% Style

\def\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}%                Name
              {4}%                                       Level
              {\z@}%                                     Indent
              {3.25ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}%              BeforeSkip
              {-1em}%                                    AfterSkip
              {\normalsize\bf\hyphenpenalty 10000}}%     Style

\def\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}%          Name
                 {4}%                                    Level
                 {\parindent}%                           Indent
                 {3.25ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}%           BeforeSkip
                 {-1em}%                                 AfterSkip
                 {\normalsize\bf\hyphenpenalty 10000}}%  Style

%%
%% The value of the counter secnumdepth gives the depth of the
%% highest-level sectioning command that is to produce section
%% numbers.
%%
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}

%%
%% Redefine the report.sty `Bibliography' as a `References' chapter.
%%
%%
%% APPENDIX
%%
%% The \appendix command must do the following:
%%    -- reset the chapter counter to zero
%%    -- set \@chapapp to Appendix (for messages)
%%    -- redefine the chapter counter to produce appendix numbers
%%    -- reset the section counter to zero
%%    -- redefine the \chapter command if appendix titles and headings
%%       are to look different from chapter titles and headings.
%%
%% For USC, the Appendix appears VERY oddly in the table of contents.
%%
\def\appendix{
  \par
  \setcounter{chapter}{0}
  \setcounter{section}{0}
  \def\@chapapp{Appendix}
  \def\thechapter{\Alph{chapter}}
  \def\@chapter[##1]##2{
    \refstepcounter{chapter}
    \typeout{\@chapapp\space\thechapter.}
%   \addtocontents{toc}{ % has problem with hyperref
%     \protect\contentsline{chapter}{Appendix \thechapter}{\relax}}
    \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Appendix \thechapter}
    \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{##1}
    \chaptermark{##1}
    %\addtocontents{lof}{\protect\addvspace{10pt}}% Adds between-chapter space
    %\addtocontents{lot}{\protect\addvspace{10pt}}% to lists of figs & tables.
    \if@twocolumn
      \@topnewpage[\@makechapterhead{##2}]
    \else \@makechapterhead{##2}
      \@afterheading                             % Routine called after chap
    \fi}}                                        %   and section heading.

%%
%%  Define the `saying' environment
%%  Used to set a cutesy little quotation at the start of the chapter
%%
\def\saying{%
  \trivlist
  \raggedleft
  \item[]\em}

\def\endsaying{%
  \endtrivlist
  \vspace{20pt}}

%%
%% Define the starting pagestyle
%%
\pagestyle{plain}