extrinsic.go

// Go Substrate RPC Client (GSRPC) provides APIs and types around Polkadot and any Substrate-based chain RPC calls
//
// Copyright 2019 Centrifuge GmbH
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package types

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"math/big"
	"strings"

	"github.com/centrifuge/go-substrate-rpc-client/v4/scale"
	"github.com/centrifuge/go-substrate-rpc-client/v4/signature"
	"github.com/centrifuge/go-substrate-rpc-client/v4/types/codec"
)

const (
	ExtrinsicBitSigned      = 0x80
	ExtrinsicBitUnsigned    = 0
	ExtrinsicUnmaskVersion  = 0x7f
	ExtrinsicDefaultVersion = 1
	ExtrinsicVersionUnknown = 0 // v0 is unknown
	ExtrinsicVersion1       = 1
	ExtrinsicVersion2       = 2
	ExtrinsicVersion3       = 3
	ExtrinsicVersion4       = 4
)

// Extrinsic is a piece of Args bundled into a block that expresses something from the "external" (i.e. off-chain)
// world. There are, broadly speaking, two types of extrinsic: transactions (which tend to be signed) and
// inherents (which don't).
type Extrinsic struct {
	// Version is the encoded version flag (which encodes the raw transaction version and signing information in one byte)
	Version byte
	// Signature is the ExtrinsicSignatureV4, it's presence depends on the Version flag
	Signature ExtrinsicSignatureV4
	// Method is the call this extrinsic wraps
	Method Call
}

// NewExtrinsic creates a new Extrinsic from the provided Call
func NewExtrinsic(c Call) Extrinsic {
	return Extrinsic{
		Version: ExtrinsicVersion4,
		Method:  c,
	}
}

// UnmarshalJSON fills Extrinsic with the JSON encoded byte array given by bz
func (e *Extrinsic) UnmarshalJSON(bz []byte) error {
	var tmp string
	if err := json.Unmarshal(bz, &tmp); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// HACK 11 Jan 2019 - before https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/1388
	// extrinsics didn't have the length, cater for both approaches. This is very
	// inconsistent with any other `Vec<u8>` implementation
	var l UCompact
	err := codec.DecodeFromHex(tmp, &l)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	prefix, err := codec.EncodeToHex(l)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// determine whether length prefix is there
	if strings.HasPrefix(tmp, prefix) {
		return codec.DecodeFromHex(tmp, e)
	}

	// not there, prepend with compact encoded length prefix
	dec, err := codec.HexDecodeString(tmp)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	length := NewUCompactFromUInt(uint64(len(dec)))
	bprefix, err := codec.Encode(length)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	bprefix = append(bprefix, dec...)
	return codec.Decode(bprefix, e)
}

// MarshalJSON returns a JSON encoded byte array of Extrinsic
func (e Extrinsic) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
	s, err := codec.EncodeToHex(e)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return json.Marshal(s)
}

// IsSigned returns true if the extrinsic is signed
func (e Extrinsic) IsSigned() bool {
	return e.Version&ExtrinsicBitSigned == ExtrinsicBitSigned
}

// Type returns the raw transaction version (not flagged with signing information)
func (e Extrinsic) Type() uint8 {
	return e.Version & ExtrinsicUnmaskVersion
}

// Sign adds a signature to the extrinsic
func (e *Extrinsic) Sign(signer signature.KeyringPair, o SignatureOptions) error {
	if e.Type() != ExtrinsicVersion4 {
		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported extrinsic version: %v (isSigned: %v, type: %v)", e.Version, e.IsSigned(), e.Type())
	}

	mb, err := codec.Encode(e.Method)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	era := o.Era
	if !o.Era.IsMortalEra {
		era = ExtrinsicEra{IsImmortalEra: true}
	}

	payload := ExtrinsicPayloadV4{
		ExtrinsicPayloadV3: ExtrinsicPayloadV3{
			Method:      mb,
			Era:         era,
			Nonce:       o.Nonce,
			Tip:         o.Tip,
			SpecVersion: o.SpecVersion,
			GenesisHash: o.GenesisHash,
			BlockHash:   o.BlockHash,
		},
		TransactionVersion: o.TransactionVersion,
	}

	signerPubKey, err := NewMultiAddressFromAccountID(signer.PublicKey)

	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	sig, err := payload.Sign(signer)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	extSig := ExtrinsicSignatureV4{
		Signer:    signerPubKey,
		Signature: MultiSignature{IsSr25519: true, AsSr25519: sig},
		Era:       era,
		Nonce:     o.Nonce,
		Tip:       o.Tip,
	}

	e.Signature = extSig

	// mark the extrinsic as signed
	e.Version |= ExtrinsicBitSigned

	return nil
}

func (e *Extrinsic) Decode(decoder scale.Decoder) error {
	// compact length encoding (1, 2, or 4 bytes) (may not be there for Extrinsics older than Jan 11 2019)
	_, err := decoder.DecodeUintCompact()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// version, signature bitmask (1 byte)
	err = decoder.Decode(&e.Version)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// signature
	if e.IsSigned() {
		if e.Type() != ExtrinsicVersion4 {
			return fmt.Errorf("unsupported extrinsic version: %v (isSigned: %v, type: %v)", e.Version, e.IsSigned(),
				e.Type())
		}

		err = decoder.Decode(&e.Signature)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	// call
	err = decoder.Decode(&e.Method)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

func (e Extrinsic) Encode(encoder scale.Encoder) error {
	if e.Type() != ExtrinsicVersion4 {
		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported extrinsic version: %v (isSigned: %v, type: %v)", e.Version, e.IsSigned(),
			e.Type())
	}

	// create a temporary buffer that will receive the plain encoded transaction (version, signature (optional),
	// method/call)
	var bb = bytes.Buffer{}
	tempEnc := scale.NewEncoder(&bb)

	// encode the version of the extrinsic
	err := tempEnc.Encode(e.Version)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// encode the signature if signed
	if e.IsSigned() {
		err = tempEnc.Encode(e.Signature)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	// encode the method
	err = tempEnc.Encode(e.Method)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// take the temporary buffer to determine length, write that as prefix
	eb := bb.Bytes()
	err = encoder.EncodeUintCompact(*big.NewInt(0).SetUint64(uint64(len(eb))))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// write the actual encoded transaction
	err = encoder.Write(eb)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

// Call is the extrinsic function descriptor
type Call struct {
	CallIndex CallIndex
	Args      Args
}

func NewCall(m *Metadata, call string, args ...interface{}) (Call, error) {
	c, err := m.FindCallIndex(call)
	if err != nil {
		return Call{}, err
	}

	var a []byte
	for _, arg := range args {
		e, err := codec.Encode(arg)
		if err != nil {
			return Call{}, err
		}
		a = append(a, e...)
	}

	return Call{c, a}, nil
}

// Callindex is a 16 bit wrapper around the `[sectionIndex, methodIndex]` value that uniquely identifies a method
type CallIndex struct {
	SectionIndex uint8
	MethodIndex  uint8
}

func (m *CallIndex) Decode(decoder scale.Decoder) error {
	err := decoder.Decode(&m.SectionIndex)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	err = decoder.Decode(&m.MethodIndex)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

func (m CallIndex) Encode(encoder scale.Encoder) error {
	err := encoder.Encode(m.SectionIndex)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	err = encoder.Encode(m.MethodIndex)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

// Args are the encoded arguments for a Call
type Args []byte

// Encode implements encoding for Args, which just unwraps the bytes of Args
func (a Args) Encode(encoder scale.Encoder) error {
	return encoder.Write(a)
}

// Decode implements decoding for Args, which just reads all the remaining bytes into Args
func (a *Args) Decode(decoder scale.Decoder) error {
	for i := 0; true; i++ {
		b, err := decoder.ReadOneByte()
		if err == io.EOF {
			break
		}
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		*a = append((*a)[:i], b)
	}
	return nil
}

type Justification Bytes

type SignaturePayload struct {
	Address        Address
	BlockHash      Hash
	BlockNumber    BlockNumber
	Era            ExtrinsicEra
	GenesisHash    Hash
	Method         Call
	Nonce          UCompact
	RuntimeVersion RuntimeVersion
	Tip            UCompact
	Version        uint8
}