controller_utils.go

/*
Copyright 2014 The Kubernetes Authors All rights reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package controller

import (
	"fmt"
	"sync"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"

	"github.com/golang/glog"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/api"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/api/unversioned"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/api/validation"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/client/cache"
	clientset "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/client/clientset_generated/release_1_1"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/client/record"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/controller/framework"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/fields"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/labels"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/runtime"
)

const (
	CreatedByAnnotation = "kubernetes.io/created-by"

	// If a watch drops a delete event for a pod, it'll take this long
	// before a dormant controller waiting for those packets is woken up anyway. It is
	// specifically targeted at the case where some problem prevents an update
	// of expectations, without it the controller could stay asleep forever. This should
	// be set based on the expected latency of watch events.
	//
	// Currently a controller can service (create *and* observe the watch events for said
	// creation) about 10-20 pods a second, so it takes about 1 min to service
	// 500 pods. Just creation is limited to 20qps, and watching happens with ~10-30s
	// latency/pod at the scale of 3000 pods over 100 nodes.
	ExpectationsTimeout = 3 * time.Minute
)

var (
	KeyFunc = framework.DeletionHandlingMetaNamespaceKeyFunc
)

type ResyncPeriodFunc func() time.Duration

// Returns 0 for resyncPeriod in case resyncing is not needed.
func NoResyncPeriodFunc() time.Duration {
	return 0
}

// StaticResyncPeriodFunc returns the resync period specified
func StaticResyncPeriodFunc(resyncPeriod time.Duration) ResyncPeriodFunc {
	return func() time.Duration {
		return resyncPeriod
	}
}

// Expectations are a way for controllers to tell the controller manager what they expect. eg:
//	ControllerExpectations: {
//		controller1: expects  2 adds in 2 minutes
//		controller2: expects  2 dels in 2 minutes
//		controller3: expects -1 adds in 2 minutes => controller3's expectations have already been met
//	}
//
// Implementation:
//	ControlleeExpectation = pair of atomic counters to track controllee's creation/deletion
//	ControllerExpectationsStore = TTLStore + a ControlleeExpectation per controller
//
// * Once set expectations can only be lowered
// * A controller isn't synced till its expectations are either fulfilled, or expire
// * Controllers that don't set expectations will get woken up for every matching controllee

// ExpKeyFunc to parse out the key from a ControlleeExpectation
var ExpKeyFunc = func(obj interface{}) (string, error) {
	if e, ok := obj.(*ControlleeExpectations); ok {
		return e.key, nil
	}
	return "", fmt.Errorf("Could not find key for obj %#v", obj)
}

// ControllerExpectationsInterface is an interface that allows users to set and wait on expectations.
// Only abstracted out for testing.
// Warning: if using KeyFunc it is not safe to use a single ControllerExpectationsInterface with different
// types of controllers, because the keys might conflict across types.
type ControllerExpectationsInterface interface {
	GetExpectations(controllerKey string) (*ControlleeExpectations, bool, error)
	SatisfiedExpectations(controllerKey string) bool
	DeleteExpectations(controllerKey string)
	SetExpectations(controllerKey string, add, del int) error
	ExpectCreations(controllerKey string, adds int) error
	ExpectDeletions(controllerKey string, dels int) error
	CreationObserved(controllerKey string)
	DeletionObserved(controllerKey string)
}

// ControllerExpectations is a ttl cache mapping controllers to what they expect to see before being woken up for a sync.
type ControllerExpectations struct {
	cache.Store
}

// GetExpectations returns the ControlleeExpectations of the given controller.
func (r *ControllerExpectations) GetExpectations(controllerKey string) (*ControlleeExpectations, bool, error) {
	if exp, exists, err := r.GetByKey(controllerKey); err == nil && exists {
		return exp.(*ControlleeExpectations), true, nil
	} else {
		return nil, false, err
	}
}

// DeleteExpectations deletes the expectations of the given controller from the TTLStore.
func (r *ControllerExpectations) DeleteExpectations(controllerKey string) {
	if exp, exists, err := r.GetByKey(controllerKey); err == nil && exists {
		if err := r.Delete(exp); err != nil {
			glog.V(2).Infof("Error deleting expectations for controller %v: %v", controllerKey, err)
		}
	}
}

// SatisfiedExpectations returns true if the required adds/dels for the given controller have been observed.
// Add/del counts are established by the controller at sync time, and updated as controllees are observed by the controller
// manager.
func (r *ControllerExpectations) SatisfiedExpectations(controllerKey string) bool {
	if exp, exists, err := r.GetExpectations(controllerKey); exists {
		if exp.Fulfilled() {
			return true
		} else {
			glog.V(4).Infof("Controller still waiting on expectations %#v", exp)
			return false
		}
	} else if err != nil {
		glog.V(2).Infof("Error encountered while checking expectations %#v, forcing sync", err)
	} else {
		// When a new controller is created, it doesn't have expectations.
		// When it doesn't see expected watch events for > TTL, the expectations expire.
		//	- In this case it wakes up, creates/deletes controllees, and sets expectations again.
		// When it has satisfied expectations and no controllees need to be created/destroyed > TTL, the expectations expire.
		//	- In this case it continues without setting expectations till it needs to create/delete controllees.
		glog.V(4).Infof("Controller %v either never recorded expectations, or the ttl expired.", controllerKey)
	}
	// Trigger a sync if we either encountered and error (which shouldn't happen since we're
	// getting from local store) or this controller hasn't established expectations.
	return true
}

// SetExpectations registers new expectations for the given controller. Forgets existing expectations.
func (r *ControllerExpectations) SetExpectations(controllerKey string, add, del int) error {
	exp := &ControlleeExpectations{add: int64(add), del: int64(del), key: controllerKey}
	glog.V(4).Infof("Setting expectations %+v", exp)
	return r.Add(exp)
}

func (r *ControllerExpectations) ExpectCreations(controllerKey string, adds int) error {
	return r.SetExpectations(controllerKey, adds, 0)
}

func (r *ControllerExpectations) ExpectDeletions(controllerKey string, dels int) error {
	return r.SetExpectations(controllerKey, 0, dels)
}

// Decrements the expectation counts of the given controller.
func (r *ControllerExpectations) lowerExpectations(controllerKey string, add, del int) {
	if exp, exists, err := r.GetExpectations(controllerKey); err == nil && exists {
		exp.Seen(int64(add), int64(del))
		// The expectations might've been modified since the update on the previous line.
		glog.V(4).Infof("Lowering expectations %+v", exp)
	}
}

// CreationObserved atomically decrements the `add` expecation count of the given controller.
func (r *ControllerExpectations) CreationObserved(controllerKey string) {
	r.lowerExpectations(controllerKey, 1, 0)
}

// DeletionObserved atomically decrements the `del` expectation count of the given controller.
func (r *ControllerExpectations) DeletionObserved(controllerKey string) {
	r.lowerExpectations(controllerKey, 0, 1)
}

// Expectations are either fulfilled, or expire naturally.
type Expectations interface {
	Fulfilled() bool
}

// ControlleeExpectations track controllee creates/deletes.
type ControlleeExpectations struct {
	add int64
	del int64
	key string
}

// Seen decrements the add and del counters.
func (e *ControlleeExpectations) Seen(add, del int64) {
	atomic.AddInt64(&e.add, -add)
	atomic.AddInt64(&e.del, -del)
}

// Fulfilled returns true if this expectation has been fulfilled.
func (e *ControlleeExpectations) Fulfilled() bool {
	// TODO: think about why this line being atomic doesn't matter
	return atomic.LoadInt64(&e.add) <= 0 && atomic.LoadInt64(&e.del) <= 0
}

// GetExpectations returns the add and del expectations of the controllee.
func (e *ControlleeExpectations) GetExpectations() (int64, int64) {
	return atomic.LoadInt64(&e.add), atomic.LoadInt64(&e.del)
}

// NewControllerExpectations returns a store for ControlleeExpectations.
func NewControllerExpectations() *ControllerExpectations {
	return &ControllerExpectations{cache.NewTTLStore(ExpKeyFunc, ExpectationsTimeout)}
}

// PodControlInterface is an interface that knows how to add or delete pods
// created as an interface to allow testing.
type PodControlInterface interface {
	// CreatePods creates new pods according to the spec.
	CreatePods(namespace string, template *api.PodTemplateSpec, object runtime.Object) error
	// CreatePodsOnNode creates a new pod accorting to the spec on the specified node.
	CreatePodsOnNode(nodeName, namespace string, template *api.PodTemplateSpec, object runtime.Object) error
	// DeletePod deletes the pod identified by podID.
	DeletePod(namespace string, podID string, object runtime.Object) error
}

// RealPodControl is the default implementation of PodControlInterface.
type RealPodControl struct {
	KubeClient clientset.Interface
	Recorder   record.EventRecorder
}

var _ PodControlInterface = &RealPodControl{}

func getPodsLabelSet(template *api.PodTemplateSpec) labels.Set {
	desiredLabels := make(labels.Set)
	for k, v := range template.Labels {
		desiredLabels[k] = v
	}
	return desiredLabels
}

func getPodsAnnotationSet(template *api.PodTemplateSpec, object runtime.Object) (labels.Set, error) {
	desiredAnnotations := make(labels.Set)
	for k, v := range template.Annotations {
		desiredAnnotations[k] = v
	}
	createdByRef, err := api.GetReference(object)
	if err != nil {
		return desiredAnnotations, fmt.Errorf("unable to get controller reference: %v", err)
	}

	// TODO: this code was not safe previously - as soon as new code came along that switched to v2, old clients
	//   would be broken upon reading it. This is explicitly hardcoded to v1 to guarantee predictable deployment.
	//   We need to consistently handle this case of annotation versioning.
	codec := api.Codecs.LegacyCodec(unversioned.GroupVersion{Group: api.GroupName, Version: "v1"})

	createdByRefJson, err := runtime.Encode(codec, &api.SerializedReference{
		Reference: *createdByRef,
	})
	if err != nil {
		return desiredAnnotations, fmt.Errorf("unable to serialize controller reference: %v", err)
	}
	desiredAnnotations[CreatedByAnnotation] = string(createdByRefJson)
	return desiredAnnotations, nil
}

func getPodsPrefix(controllerName string) string {
	// use the dash (if the name isn't too long) to make the pod name a bit prettier
	prefix := fmt.Sprintf("%s-", controllerName)
	if ok, _ := validation.ValidatePodName(prefix, true); !ok {
		prefix = controllerName
	}
	return prefix
}

func (r RealPodControl) CreatePods(namespace string, template *api.PodTemplateSpec, object runtime.Object) error {
	return r.createPods("", namespace, template, object)
}

func (r RealPodControl) CreatePodsOnNode(nodeName, namespace string, template *api.PodTemplateSpec, object runtime.Object) error {
	return r.createPods(nodeName, namespace, template, object)
}

func (r RealPodControl) createPods(nodeName, namespace string, template *api.PodTemplateSpec, object runtime.Object) error {
	desiredLabels := getPodsLabelSet(template)
	desiredAnnotations, err := getPodsAnnotationSet(template, object)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	meta, err := api.ObjectMetaFor(object)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("object does not have ObjectMeta, %v", err)
	}
	prefix := getPodsPrefix(meta.Name)

	pod := &api.Pod{
		ObjectMeta: api.ObjectMeta{
			Labels:       desiredLabels,
			Annotations:  desiredAnnotations,
			GenerateName: prefix,
		},
	}
	if err := api.Scheme.Convert(&template.Spec, &pod.Spec); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to convert pod template: %v", err)
	}
	if len(nodeName) != 0 {
		pod.Spec.NodeName = nodeName
	}
	if labels.Set(pod.Labels).AsSelector().Empty() {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create pods, no labels")
	}
	if newPod, err := r.KubeClient.Legacy().Pods(namespace).Create(pod); err != nil {
		r.Recorder.Eventf(object, api.EventTypeWarning, "FailedCreate", "Error creating: %v", err)
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create pods: %v", err)
	} else {
		glog.V(4).Infof("Controller %v created pod %v", meta.Name, newPod.Name)
		r.Recorder.Eventf(object, api.EventTypeNormal, "SuccessfulCreate", "Created pod: %v", newPod.Name)
	}
	return nil
}

func (r RealPodControl) DeletePod(namespace string, podID string, object runtime.Object) error {
	meta, err := api.ObjectMetaFor(object)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("object does not have ObjectMeta, %v", err)
	}
	if err := r.KubeClient.Legacy().Pods(namespace).Delete(podID, nil); err != nil {
		r.Recorder.Eventf(object, api.EventTypeWarning, "FailedDelete", "Error deleting: %v", err)
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to delete pods: %v", err)
	} else {
		glog.V(4).Infof("Controller %v deleted pod %v", meta.Name, podID)
		r.Recorder.Eventf(object, api.EventTypeNormal, "SuccessfulDelete", "Deleted pod: %v", podID)
	}
	return nil
}

type FakePodControl struct {
	sync.Mutex
	Templates     []api.PodTemplateSpec
	DeletePodName []string
	Err           error
}

var _ PodControlInterface = &FakePodControl{}

func (f *FakePodControl) CreatePods(namespace string, spec *api.PodTemplateSpec, object runtime.Object) error {
	f.Lock()
	defer f.Unlock()
	if f.Err != nil {
		return f.Err
	}
	f.Templates = append(f.Templates, *spec)
	return nil
}

func (f *FakePodControl) CreatePodsOnNode(nodeName, namespace string, template *api.PodTemplateSpec, object runtime.Object) error {
	f.Lock()
	defer f.Unlock()
	if f.Err != nil {
		return f.Err
	}
	f.Templates = append(f.Templates, *template)
	return nil
}

func (f *FakePodControl) DeletePod(namespace string, podID string, object runtime.Object) error {
	f.Lock()
	defer f.Unlock()
	if f.Err != nil {
		return f.Err
	}
	f.DeletePodName = append(f.DeletePodName, podID)
	return nil
}

func (f *FakePodControl) Clear() {
	f.Lock()
	defer f.Unlock()
	f.DeletePodName = []string{}
	f.Templates = []api.PodTemplateSpec{}
}

// ActivePods type allows custom sorting of pods so a controller can pick the best ones to delete.
type ActivePods []*api.Pod

func (s ActivePods) Len() int      { return len(s) }
func (s ActivePods) Swap(i, j int) { s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i] }

func (s ActivePods) Less(i, j int) bool {
	// Unassigned < assigned
	if s[i].Spec.NodeName == "" && s[j].Spec.NodeName != "" {
		return true
	}
	// PodPending < PodUnknown < PodRunning
	m := map[api.PodPhase]int{api.PodPending: 0, api.PodUnknown: 1, api.PodRunning: 2}
	if m[s[i].Status.Phase] != m[s[j].Status.Phase] {
		return m[s[i].Status.Phase] < m[s[j].Status.Phase]
	}
	// Not ready < ready
	if !api.IsPodReady(s[i]) && api.IsPodReady(s[j]) {
		return true
	}
	return false
}

// FilterActivePods returns pods that have not terminated.
func FilterActivePods(pods []api.Pod) []*api.Pod {
	var result []*api.Pod
	for i := range pods {
		p := pods[i]
		if api.PodSucceeded != p.Status.Phase &&
			api.PodFailed != p.Status.Phase &&
			p.DeletionTimestamp == nil {
			result = append(result, &p)
		} else {
			glog.V(4).Infof("Ignoring inactive pod %v/%v in state %v, deletion time %v",
				p.Namespace, p.Name, p.Status.Phase, p.DeletionTimestamp)
		}
	}
	return result
}

// SyncAllPodsWithStore lists all pods and inserts them into the given store.
// Though this function is written in a generic manner, it is only used by the
// controllers for a specific purpose, to synchronously populate the store
// with the first batch of pods that would otherwise be sent by the Informer.
// Doing this avoids more complicated forms of synchronization with the
// Informer, though it also means that the controller calling this function
// will receive "OnUpdate" events for all the pods in the store, instead of
// "OnAdd". This should be ok, since most controllers are level triggered
// and make decisions based on the contents of the store.
//
// TODO: Extend this logic to load arbitrary local state for the controllers
// instead of just pods.
func SyncAllPodsWithStore(kubeClient clientset.Interface, store cache.Store) {
	var allPods *api.PodList
	var err error
	listOptions := api.ListOptions{LabelSelector: labels.Everything(), FieldSelector: fields.Everything()}
	for {
		if allPods, err = kubeClient.Legacy().Pods(api.NamespaceAll).List(listOptions); err != nil {
			glog.Warningf("Retrying pod list: %v", err)
			continue
		}
		break
	}
	pods := []interface{}{}
	for i := range allPods.Items {
		p := allPods.Items[i]
		glog.V(4).Infof("Initializing store with pod %v/%v", p.Namespace, p.Name)
		pods = append(pods, &p)
	}
	store.Replace(pods, allPods.ResourceVersion)
	return
}

// ControllersByCreationTimestamp sorts a list of ReplicationControllers by creation timestamp, using their names as a tie breaker.
type ControllersByCreationTimestamp []*api.ReplicationController

func (o ControllersByCreationTimestamp) Len() int      { return len(o) }
func (o ControllersByCreationTimestamp) Swap(i, j int) { o[i], o[j] = o[j], o[i] }

func (o ControllersByCreationTimestamp) Less(i, j int) bool {
	if o[i].CreationTimestamp.Equal(o[j].CreationTimestamp) {
		return o[i].Name < o[j].Name
	}
	return o[i].CreationTimestamp.Before(o[j].CreationTimestamp)
}