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deconvolution_nd.py
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deconvolution_nd.py
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import numpy
from six import moves
import chainer
from chainer import backend
from chainer.backends import cuda
from chainer import configuration
from chainer import function_node
from chainer.functions.connection import convolution_2d
from chainer.functions.connection import convolution_nd
from chainer import utils
from chainer.utils import conv
from chainer.utils import conv_nd
from chainer.utils import type_check
import chainerx
class DeconvolutionND(function_node.FunctionNode):
cover_all = None
def __init__(self, ndim, stride=1, pad=0, outsize=None,
dilate=1, groups=1):
self.ndim = ndim
self.stride = conv_nd.as_tuple(stride, ndim)
self.pad = conv_nd.as_tuple(pad, ndim)
if outsize is not None:
assert len(outsize) == ndim
self.outs = outsize
self.dilate = conv_nd.as_tuple(dilate, ndim)
self.groups = groups
def check_type_forward(self, in_types):
n_in = in_types.size()
type_check.expect(2 <= n_in, n_in <= 3)
x_type, w_type = in_types[:2]
type_check.expect(
x_type.dtype.kind == 'f',
w_type.dtype.kind == 'f',
x_type.ndim == self.ndim + 2,
w_type.ndim == self.ndim + 2,
x_type.shape[1] == w_type.shape[0]
)
if self.outs is not None:
for i, (out, s, p, di) in enumerate(zip(
self.outs, self.stride, self.pad, self.dilate)):
lower_bound = conv.get_conv_outsize(
out, w_type.shape[i + 2], s, p, d=di)
upper_bound = conv.get_conv_outsize(
out, w_type.shape[i + 2], s, p, cover_all=True, d=di)
type_check.expect(
lower_bound <= x_type.shape[i + 2],
x_type.shape[i + 2] <= upper_bound)
if type_check.eval(n_in) == 3:
b_type = in_types[2]
type_check.expect(
b_type.dtype.kind == 'f',
b_type.ndim == 1,
# Need to consider the case that group count > 1.
# b_type.shape[0] == w_type.shape[1]
)
def _use_cudnn(self, x, W, b):
if ((cuda._cudnn_version < 6000
or configuration.config.cudnn_deterministic)
and any(d != 1 for d in self.dilate)):
# cuDNN < 6.0 and deterministic algorithms
# does not support dilated convolutions
return False
if cuda._cudnn_version < 7000 and 1 < self.groups:
# cuDNN < 7.0 does not support grouped convolutions
return False
return (
chainer.should_use_cudnn('>=auto')
and not self.cover_all
and self.ndim > 1
and x.dtype == W.dtype
and (b is None or x.dtype == b.dtype))
def _forward_xp(self, x, W, b, xp):
if 1 < self.groups:
return self._forward_grouped_convolution_xp(x, W, b, xp)
else:
return self._forward_xp_core(x, W, b, xp)
def _forward_grouped_convolution_xp(self, x, W, b, xp):
# G: group count
# N: batch size
# xC: input channels
# yC: output channels
G = self.groups
N, xC = x.shape[:2]
x_size = x.shape[2:]
yCg = W.shape[1]
yC = yCg * G
xCg = xC // G
k_size = W.shape[2:]
dims = len(k_size)
if xC % G != 0:
raise TypeError('The number of groups must be '
'a divisor of that of input channels')
x = xp.rollaxis(x, 1) # (xC, N, x_size...)
x = x.reshape(G, xCg, N * utils.size_of_shape(x_size))
W = W.reshape(G, xCg, yCg * utils.size_of_shape(k_size))
W = W.transpose(0, 2, 1) # (G, yCg*k_size, xCg)
# (G, yCg*k_size, N*x_size) = (G, yCg*k_size, xCg) @ (G, xCg, N*x_size)
col = convolution_2d._matmul(W, x).astype(x.dtype, copy=False)
col = col.reshape((yC,) + k_size + (N,) + x_size)
col = xp.rollaxis(col, dims + 1) # (N, yC, k_size..., x_size...)
y = conv_nd.col2im_nd(col, self.stride, self.pad, self.outs,
dilate=self.dilate)
if b is not None:
y += b.reshape(1, yC, *((1,) * dims))
return y,
def _forward_xp_core(self, x, W, b, xp):
ndim = self.ndim
stride = self.stride
pad = self.pad
dilate = self.dilate
# gcol: C_O, k_1, ..., k_N, n, d_1, ..., d_N
gcol = xp.tensordot(W, x, (0, 1)).astype(x.dtype, copy=False)
# Roll n, which is batch size, before the first.
gcol = xp.rollaxis(gcol, ndim + 1)
# y: n, C_O, d_1, d_2, ..., d_N
if xp is numpy:
y = conv_nd.col2im_nd_cpu(
gcol, stride, pad, self.outs, dilate=dilate)
else:
y = conv_nd.col2im_nd_gpu(
gcol, stride, pad, self.outs, dilate=dilate)
if b is not None:
b_shape = (1, -1) + (1,) * ndim
y += b.reshape(b_shape)
return y,
def _forward_cudnn(self, x, W, b):
c = W.shape[1] * self.groups
n, in_c = x.shape[:2] # x: n, C_I, d_1, d_2, ..., d_N
# Make empty array for output.
y_shape = (n, c) + self.outs # (n, c_O, out_1, out_2, ..., out_N)
y = cuda.cupy.empty(y_shape, dtype=x.dtype)
pad = self.pad
stride = self.stride
dilate = self.dilate
groups = self.groups
deterministic = configuration.config.cudnn_deterministic
auto_tune = configuration.config.autotune
tensor_core = configuration.config.use_cudnn_tensor_core
cuda.cudnn.convolution_backward_data(
W, x, b, y, pad, stride, dilate, groups,
deterministic=deterministic, auto_tune=auto_tune,
tensor_core=tensor_core)
return y,
def forward_chainerx(self, inputs):
# TODO(imanishi): Support it
if any(d != 1 for d in self.dilate):
return chainer.Fallback
# TODO(imanishi): Support it
if self.groups != 1:
return chainer.Fallback
# TODO(imanishi): Support it
if any(a.dtype != inputs[0].dtype for a in inputs):
return chainer.Fallback
# TODO(imanishi): Supporft it
if inputs[0].device.backend.name == 'cuda' and self.ndim < 2:
return chainer.Fallback
stride = self.stride
pad = self.pad
return chainerx.conv_transpose(*inputs, stride=stride, pad=pad),
def forward(self, inputs):
self.retain_inputs((0, 1)) # only retain x and W
x, W = inputs[:2]
b = inputs[2] if len(inputs) == 3 else None
if self.outs is None:
dims = x.shape[2:]
ksize = W.shape[2:]
self.outs = tuple(
conv.get_deconv_outsize(d, k, s, p, d=di)
for d, k, s, p, di
in zip(dims, ksize, self.stride, self.pad, self.dilate))
assert all(out > 0 for out in self.outs), \
'Output sizes should be positive.'
self._set_cover_all(x, W)
xp = backend.get_array_module(*inputs)
if xp is numpy:
return self._forward_xp(x, W, b, numpy)
elif not self._use_cudnn(x, W, b):
return self._forward_xp(x, W, b, cuda.cupy)
else:
return self._forward_cudnn(x, W, b)
def backward(self, indexes, grad_outputs):
x, W = self.get_retained_inputs()
gy, = grad_outputs
ret = []
if 0 in indexes:
gx = chainer.functions.convolution_nd(
gy, W, stride=self.stride, pad=self.pad,
cover_all=self.cover_all, dilate=self.dilate,
groups=self.groups)
ret.append(gx)
if 1 in indexes:
gW, = convolution_nd.ConvolutionNDGradW(self).apply((gy, x))
ret.append(gW)
if 2 in indexes:
axis = (0,) + tuple(moves.range(2, gy.ndim))
gb = chainer.functions.sum(gy, axis=axis)
if gb.dtype != self.inputs[2].dtype:
gb = chainer.functions.cast(gb, self.inputs[2].dtype)
ret.append(gb)
return ret
def _set_cover_all(self, x, W):
x_shape = x.shape[2:]
k_shape = W.shape[2:]
self.cover_all = any(
ix != conv.get_conv_outsize(oy, k, s, p, d=di)
for (ix, oy, k, s, p, di)
in zip(x_shape, self.outs, k_shape, self.stride, self.pad,
self.dilate))
def deconvolution_nd(x, W, b=None, stride=1, pad=0, outsize=None,
dilate=1, groups=1):
"""N-dimensional deconvolution function.
This is an implementation of N-dimensional deconvolution which generalizes
two-dimensional one. In most of deep learning frameworks and papers, this
function is called **transposed convolution**. But because of historical
reasons (e.g. paper by Ziller `Deconvolutional Networks`_) and backward
compatibility, this function is called **deconvolution** in Chainer.
.. _Deconvolutional Networks: \
http://www.matthewzeiler.com/pubs/cvpr2010/cvpr2010.pdf
It takes three variables: the input ``x``, the filter weight ``W``, and the
bias vector ``b``.
Notation: here is a notation for dimensionalities.
- :math:`N` is the number of spatial dimensions.
- :math:`n` is the batch size.
- :math:`c_I` and :math:`c_O` are the number of the input and output
channels, respectively.
- :math:`d_1, d_2, ..., d_N` are the size of each axis of the input's
spatial dimensions, respectively.
- :math:`k_1, k_2, ..., k_N` are the size of each axis of the filters,
respectively.
- :math:`p_1, p_2, ..., p_N` are the size of each axis of the spatial
padding size, respectively.
- :math:`s_1, s_2, ..., s_N` are the stride of each axis of filter
application, respectively.
If ``outsize`` option is ``None``, the output size
:math:`(l_1, l_2, ..., l_N)` is determined by the following equations with
the items in the above list:
.. math::
l_n = s_n (d_n - 1) + k_n - 2 p_n \\ \\ (n = 1, ..., N)
If ``outsize`` option is given, the output size is determined by
``outsize``. In this case, the ``outsize`` :math:`(l_1, l_2, ..., l_N)`
must satisfy the following equations:
.. math::
d_n = \\lfloor (l_n + 2p_n - k_n) / s_n \\rfloor + 1 \\ \\ \
(n = 1, ..., N)
Deconvolution links can use a feature of cuDNN called autotuning, which
selects the most efficient CNN algorithm for images of fixed-size,
can provide a significant performance boost for fixed neural nets.
To enable, set `chainer.using_config('autotune', True)`
Args:
x (:class:`~chainer.Variable` or :ref:`ndarray`):
Input variable of shape :math:`(n, c_I, d_1, d_2, ..., d_N)`.
W (:class:`~chainer.Variable` or :ref:`ndarray`):
Weight variable of shape :math:`(c_I, c_O, k_1, k_2, ..., k_N)`.
b (None or :class:`~chainer.Variable` or :ref:`ndarray`):
One-dimensional bias variable with length :math:`c_O` (optional).
stride (:class:`int` or :class:`tuple` of :class:`int` s):
Stride of filter applications :math:`(s_1, s_2, ..., s_N)`.
``stride=s`` is equivalent to ``(s, s, ..., s)``.
pad (:class:`int` or :class:`tuple` of :class:`int` s):
Spatial padding width for input arrays
:math:`(p_1, p_2, ..., p_N)`. ``pad=p`` is equivalent to
``(p, p, ..., p)``.
outsize (None or :class:`tuple` of :class:`int` s):
Expected output size of deconvolutional operation. It should be a
tuple of ints :math:`(l_1, l_2, ..., l_N)`. Default value is
``None`` and the outsize is estimated by input size, stride and
pad.
dilate (:class:`int` or :class:`tuple` of :class:`int` s):
Dilation factor of filter applications.
``dilate=d`` and ``dilate=(d, d, ..., d)`` are equivalent.
groups (:class:`int`):
The number of groups to use grouped convolution.
The default is one, where grouped convolution is not used.
Returns:
~chainer.Variable:
Output variable of shape :math:`(n, c_O, l_1, l_2, ..., l_N)`.
.. seealso::
:class:`~chainer.links.DeconvolutionND` to manage the model parameters
``W`` and ``b``.
.. seealso:: :func:`deconvolution_2d`
.. admonition:: Example
**Example1**: the case when ``outsize`` is not given.
>>> n = 10
>>> c_i, c_o = 3, 1
>>> d1, d2, d3 = 5, 10, 15
>>> k1, k2, k3 = 10, 10, 10
>>> p1, p2, p3 = 5, 5, 5
>>> x = np.random.uniform(0, 1, (n, c_i, d1, d2, d3)).\
astype(np.float32)
>>> x.shape
(10, 3, 5, 10, 15)
>>> W = np.random.uniform(0, 1, (c_i, c_o, k1, k2, k3)).\
astype(np.float32)
>>> W.shape
(3, 1, 10, 10, 10)
>>> b = np.random.uniform(0, 1, (c_o)).astype(np.float32)
>>> b.shape
(1,)
>>> s1, s2, s3 = 2, 4, 6
>>> y = F.deconvolution_nd(x, W, b, stride=(s1, s2, s3), \
pad=(p1, p2, p3))
>>> y.shape
(10, 1, 8, 36, 84)
>>> l1 = s1 * (d1 - 1) + k1 - 2 * p1
>>> l2 = s2 * (d2 - 1) + k2 - 2 * p2
>>> l3 = s3 * (d3 - 1) + k3 - 2 * p3
>>> y.shape == (n, c_o, l1, l2, l3)
True
**Example2**: the case when ``outsize`` is given.
>>> n = 10
>>> c_i, c_o = 3, 1
>>> d1, d2, d3 = 5, 10, 15
>>> k1, k2, k3 = 10, 10, 10
>>> p1, p2, p3 = 5, 5, 5
>>> x = np.random.uniform(0, 1, (n, c_i, d1, d2, d3)).\
astype(np.float32)
>>> x.shape
(10, 3, 5, 10, 15)
>>> W = np.random.uniform(0, 1, (c_i, c_o, k1, k2, k3)).\
astype(np.float32)
>>> W.shape
(3, 1, 10, 10, 10)
>>> b = np.random.uniform(0, 1, (c_o)).astype(np.float32)
>>> b.shape
(1,)
>>> s1, s2, s3 = 2, 4, 6
>>> l1, l2, l3 = 9, 38, 87
>>> d1 == int((l1 + 2 * p1 - k1) / s1) + 1
True
>>> d2 == int((l2 + 2 * p2 - k2) / s2) + 1
True
>>> d3 == int((l3 + 2 * p3 - k3) / s3) + 1
True
>>> y = F.deconvolution_nd(x, W, b, stride=(s1, s2, s3), \
pad=(p1, p2, p3), outsize=(l1, l2, l3))
>>> y.shape
(10, 1, 9, 38, 87)
>>> y.shape == (n, c_o, l1, l2, l3)
True
"""
ndim = len(x.shape[2:])
func = DeconvolutionND(
ndim, stride, pad, outsize, dilate=dilate, groups=groups)
args = (x, W) if b is None else (x, W, b)
y, = func.apply(args)
return y
def deconvolution_1d(x, W, b=None, stride=1, pad=0, outsize=None,
dilate=1, groups=1):
"""1-dimensional deconvolution function.
.. note::
This function calls :func:`~chainer.functions.deconvolution_nd`
internally, so see the details of the behavior in
the documentation of :func:`~chainer.functions.deconvolution_nd`.
"""
if len(x.shape[2:]) != 1:
raise ValueError(
'The number of dimensions under channel dimension of the input '
'\'x\' should be 1. But the actual ndim was {}.'.format(
len(x.shape[2:])))
return deconvolution_nd(x, W, b, stride, pad, outsize, dilate, groups)
def deconvolution_3d(x, W, b=None, stride=1, pad=0, outsize=None,
dilate=1, groups=1):
"""3-dimensional deconvolution function.
.. note::
This function calls :func:`~chainer.functions.deconvolution_nd`
internally, so see the details of the behavior in
the documentation of :func:`~chainer.functions.deconvolution_nd`.
"""
if len(x.shape[2:]) != 3:
raise ValueError(
'The number of dimensions under channel dimension of the input '
'\'x\' should be 3. But the actual ndim was {}.'.format(
len(x.shape[2:])))
return deconvolution_nd(x, W, b, stride, pad, outsize, dilate, groups)