params.go

// Copyright (c) 2014-2016 The btcsuite developers
// Copyright (c) 2015-2017 The Decred developers
// Use of this source code is governed by an ISC
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package chaincfg

import (
	"encoding/hex"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"math"
	"math/big"
	"time"

	"github.com/decred/dcrd/chaincfg/chainhash"
	"github.com/decred/dcrd/wire"
)

// These variables are the chain proof-of-work limit parameters for each default
// network.
var (
	// bigOne is 1 represented as a big.Int.  It is defined here to avoid
	// the overhead of creating it multiple times.
	bigOne = big.NewInt(1)

	// mainPowLimit is the highest proof of work value a Decred block can
	// have for the main network.  It is the value 2^224 - 1.
	mainPowLimit = new(big.Int).Sub(new(big.Int).Lsh(bigOne, 224), bigOne)

	// testNetPowLimit is the highest proof of work value a Decred block
	// can have for the test network.  It is the value 2^232 - 1.
	testNetPowLimit = new(big.Int).Sub(new(big.Int).Lsh(bigOne, 232), bigOne)

	// simNetPowLimit is the highest proof of work value a Decred block
	// can have for the simulation test network.  It is the value 2^255 - 1.
	simNetPowLimit = new(big.Int).Sub(new(big.Int).Lsh(bigOne, 255), bigOne)

	VoteBitsNotFound = fmt.Errorf("vote bits not found")
)

// SigHashOptimization is an optimization for verification of transactions that
// do CHECKSIG operations with hashType SIGHASH_ALL. Although there should be no
// consequences to daemons that are simply running a node, it may be the case
// that you could cause database corruption if you turn this code on, create and
// manipulate your own MsgTx, then include them in blocks. For safety, if you're
// using the daemon with wallet or mining with the daemon this should be disabled.
// If you believe that any MsgTxs in your daemon will be used mutably, do NOT
// turn on this feature. It is disabled by default.
// This feature is considered EXPERIMENTAL, enable at your own risk!
var SigHashOptimization = false

// CheckForDuplicateHashes checks for duplicate hashes when validating blocks.
// Because of the rule inserting the height into the second (nonce) txOut, there
// should never be a duplicate transaction hash that overwrites another. However,
// because there is a 2^128 chance of a collision, the paranoid user may wish to
// turn this feature on.
var CheckForDuplicateHashes = false

// CPUMinerThreads is the default number of threads to utilize with the
// CPUMiner when mining.
var CPUMinerThreads = 1

// Checkpoint identifies a known good point in the block chain.  Using
// checkpoints allows a few optimizations for old blocks during initial download
// and also prevents forks from old blocks.
//
// Each checkpoint is selected based upon several factors.  See the
// documentation for chain.IsCheckpointCandidate for details on the selection
// criteria.
type Checkpoint struct {
	Height int64
	Hash   *chainhash.Hash
}

// Vote describes a voting instance.  It is self-describing so that the UI can
// be directly implemented using the fields.  Mask determines which bits can be
// used.  Bits are enumerated and must be consecutive.  Each vote requires one
// and only one abstain (bits = 0) and reject vote (IsNo = true).
//
// For example, change block height from int64 to uint64.
// Vote {
//	Id:          "blockheight",
//	Description: "Change block height from int64 to uint64"
//	Mask:        0x0006,
//	Choices:     []Choice{
//		{
//			Id:          "abstain",
//			Description: "abstain voting for change",
//			Bits:        0x0000,
//			IsAbstain:   true,
//			IsNo:        false,
//		},
//		{
//			Id:          "no",
//			Description: "reject changing block height to uint64",
//			Bits:        0x0002,
//			IsAbstain:   false,
//			IsNo:        false,
//		},
//		{
//			Id:          "yes",
//			Description: "accept changing block height to uint64",
//			Bits:        0x0004,
//			IsAbstain:   false,
//			IsNo:        true,
//		},
//	},
// }
//
type Vote struct {
	// Single unique word identifying the vote.
	Id string

	// Longer description of what the vote is about.
	Description string

	// Usable bits for this vote.
	Mask uint16

	Choices []Choice
}

// Choice defines one of the possible Choices that make up a vote. The 0 value
// in Bits indicates the default choice.  Care should be taken not to bias a
// vote with the default choice.
type Choice struct {
	// Single unique word identifying vote (e.g. yes)
	Id string

	// Longer description of the vote.
	Description string

	// Bits used for this vote.
	Bits uint16

	// This is the abstain choice.  By convention this must be the 0 vote
	// (abstain) and exist only once in the Vote.Choices array.
	IsAbstain bool

	// This coince indicates a hard No Vote.  By convention this must exist
	// only once in the Vote.Choices array.
	IsNo bool
}

// VoteIndex compares vote to Choice.Bits and returns the index into the
// Choices array.  If the vote is invalid it returns -1.
func (v *Vote) VoteIndex(vote uint16) int {
	vote &= v.Mask
	for k := range v.Choices {
		if vote == v.Choices[k].Bits {
			return k
		}
	}

	return -1
}

const (
	// VoteIDMaxBlockSize is the vote ID for the the maximum block size
	// increase agenda used for the hard fork demo.
	VoteIDMaxBlockSize = "maxblocksize"

	// VoteIDSDiffAlgorithm is the vote ID for the new stake difficulty
	// algorithm (aka ticket price) agenda defined by DCP0001.
	VoteIDSDiffAlgorithm = "sdiffalgorithm"

	// VoteIDLNSupport is the vote ID for determining if the developers
	// should work on integrating Lightning Network support.
	VoteIDLNSupport = "lnsupport"

	// VoteIDLNFeatures is the vote ID for the agenda that introduces
	// features useful for the Lightning Network (among other uses) defined
	// by DCP0002 and DCP0003.
	VoteIDLNFeatures = "lnfeatures"
)

// ConsensusDeployment defines details related to a specific consensus rule
// change that is voted in.  This is part of BIP0009.
type ConsensusDeployment struct {
	// Vote describes the what is being voted on and what the choices are.
	// This is sitting in a struct in order to make merging between btcd
	// easier.
	Vote Vote

	// StartTime is the median block time after which voting on the
	// deployment starts.
	StartTime uint64

	// ExpireTime is the median block time after which the attempted
	// deployment expires.
	ExpireTime uint64
}

// TokenPayout is a payout for block 1 which specifies an address and an amount
// to pay to that address in a transaction output.
type TokenPayout struct {
	Address string
	Amount  int64
}

// DNSSeed identifies a DNS seed.
type DNSSeed struct {
	// Host defines the hostname of the seed.
	Host string

	// HasFiltering defines whether the seed supports filtering
	// by service flags (wire.ServiceFlag).
	HasFiltering bool
}

// Params defines a Decred network by its parameters.  These parameters may be
// used by Decred applications to differentiate networks as well as addresses
// and keys for one network from those intended for use on another network.
type Params struct {
	// Name defines a human-readable identifier for the network.
	Name string

	// Net defines the magic bytes used to identify the network.
	Net wire.CurrencyNet

	// DefaultPort defines the default peer-to-peer port for the network.
	DefaultPort string

	// DNSSeeds defines a list of DNS seeds for the network that are used
	// as one method to discover peers.
	DNSSeeds []DNSSeed

	// GenesisBlock defines the first block of the chain.
	GenesisBlock *wire.MsgBlock

	// GenesisHash is the starting block hash.
	GenesisHash *chainhash.Hash

	// PowLimit defines the highest allowed proof of work value for a block
	// as a uint256.
	PowLimit *big.Int

	// PowLimitBits defines the highest allowed proof of work value for a
	// block in compact form.
	PowLimitBits uint32

	// ReduceMinDifficulty defines whether the network should reduce the
	// minimum required difficulty after a long enough period of time has
	// passed without finding a block.  This is really only useful for test
	// networks and should not be set on a main network.
	ReduceMinDifficulty bool

	// MinDiffReductionTime is the amount of time after which the minimum
	// required difficulty should be reduced when a block hasn't been found.
	//
	// NOTE: This only applies if ReduceMinDifficulty is true.
	MinDiffReductionTime time.Duration

	// GenerateSupported specifies whether or not CPU mining is allowed.
	GenerateSupported bool

	// MaximumBlockSizes are the maximum sizes of a block that can be
	// generated on the network.  It is an array because the max block size
	// can be different values depending on the results of a voting agenda.
	// The first entry is the initial block size for the network, while the
	// other entries are potential block size changes which take effect when
	// the vote for the associated agenda succeeds.
	MaximumBlockSizes []int

	// MaxTxSize is the maximum number of bytes a serialized transaction can
	// be in order to be considered valid by consensus.
	MaxTxSize int

	// TargetTimePerBlock is the desired amount of time to generate each
	// block.
	TargetTimePerBlock time.Duration

	// WorkDiffAlpha is the stake difficulty EMA calculation alpha (smoothing)
	// value. It is different from a normal EMA alpha. Closer to 1 --> smoother.
	WorkDiffAlpha int64

	// WorkDiffWindowSize is the number of windows (intervals) used for calculation
	// of the exponentially weighted average.
	WorkDiffWindowSize int64

	// WorkDiffWindows is the number of windows (intervals) used for calculation
	// of the exponentially weighted average.
	WorkDiffWindows int64

	// TargetTimespan is the desired amount of time that should elapse
	// before the block difficulty requirement is examined to determine how
	// it should be changed in order to maintain the desired block
	// generation rate.  This value should correspond to the product of
	// WorkDiffWindowSize and TimePerBlock above.
	TargetTimespan time.Duration

	// RetargetAdjustmentFactor is the adjustment factor used to limit
	// the minimum and maximum amount of adjustment that can occur between
	// difficulty retargets.
	RetargetAdjustmentFactor int64

	// Subsidy parameters.
	//
	// Subsidy calculation for exponential reductions:
	// 0 for i in range (0, height / SubsidyReductionInterval):
	// 1     subsidy *= MulSubsidy
	// 2     subsidy /= DivSubsidy
	//
	// Caveat: Don't overflow the int64 register!!

	// BaseSubsidy is the starting subsidy amount for mined blocks.
	BaseSubsidy int64

	// Subsidy reduction multiplier.
	MulSubsidy int64

	// Subsidy reduction divisor.
	DivSubsidy int64

	// SubsidyReductionInterval is the reduction interval in blocks.
	SubsidyReductionInterval int64

	// WorkRewardProportion is the comparative amount of the subsidy given for
	// creating a block.
	WorkRewardProportion uint16

	// StakeRewardProportion is the comparative amount of the subsidy given for
	// casting stake votes (collectively, per block).
	StakeRewardProportion uint16

	// BlockTaxProportion is the inverse of the percentage of funds for each
	// block to allocate to the developer organization.
	// e.g. 10% --> 10 (or 1 / (1/10))
	// Special case: disable taxes with a value of 0
	BlockTaxProportion uint16

	// Checkpoints ordered from oldest to newest.
	Checkpoints []Checkpoint

	// These fields are related to voting on consensus rule changes as
	// defined by BIP0009.
	//
	// RuleChangeActivationQurom is the number of votes required for a vote
	// to take effect.
	//
	// RuleChangeActivationInterval is the number of blocks in each threshold
	// state retarget window.
	//
	// Deployments define the specific consensus rule changes to be voted
	// on for the stake version (the map key).
	RuleChangeActivationQuorum     uint32
	RuleChangeActivationMultiplier uint32
	RuleChangeActivationDivisor    uint32
	RuleChangeActivationInterval   uint32
	Deployments                    map[uint32][]ConsensusDeployment

	// Enforce current block version once network has upgraded.
	BlockEnforceNumRequired uint64

	// Reject previous block versions once network has upgraded.
	BlockRejectNumRequired uint64

	// The number of nodes to check.
	BlockUpgradeNumToCheck uint64

	// AcceptNonStdTxs is a mempool param to either accept and relay
	// non standard txs to the network or reject them
	AcceptNonStdTxs bool

	// NetworkAddressPrefix is the first letter of the network
	// for any given address encoded as a string.
	NetworkAddressPrefix string

	// Address encoding magics
	PubKeyAddrID     [2]byte // First 2 bytes of a P2PK address
	PubKeyHashAddrID [2]byte // First 2 bytes of a P2PKH address
	PKHEdwardsAddrID [2]byte // First 2 bytes of an Edwards P2PKH address
	PKHSchnorrAddrID [2]byte // First 2 bytes of a secp256k1 Schnorr P2PKH address
	ScriptHashAddrID [2]byte // First 2 bytes of a P2SH address
	PrivateKeyID     [2]byte // First 2 bytes of a WIF private key

	// BIP32 hierarchical deterministic extended key magics
	HDPrivateKeyID [4]byte
	HDPublicKeyID  [4]byte

	// BIP44 coin type used in the hierarchical deterministic path for
	// address generation.
	HDCoinType uint32

	// MinimumStakeDiff if the minimum amount of Atoms required to purchase a
	// stake ticket.
	MinimumStakeDiff int64

	// Ticket pool sizes for Decred PoS. This denotes the number of possible
	// buckets/number of different ticket numbers. It is also the number of
	// possible winner numbers there are.
	TicketPoolSize uint16

	// Average number of tickets per block for Decred PoS.
	TicketsPerBlock uint16

	// Number of blocks for tickets to mature (spendable at TicketMaturity+1).
	TicketMaturity uint16

	// Number of blocks for tickets to expire after they have matured. This MUST
	// be >= (StakeEnabledHeight + StakeValidationHeight).
	TicketExpiry uint32

	// CoinbaseMaturity is the number of blocks required before newly mined
	// coins (coinbase transactions) can be spent.
	CoinbaseMaturity uint16

	// Maturity for spending SStx change outputs.
	SStxChangeMaturity uint16

	// TicketPoolSizeWeight is the multiplicative weight applied to the
	// ticket pool size difference between a window period and its target
	// when determining the stake system.
	TicketPoolSizeWeight uint16

	// StakeDiffAlpha is the stake difficulty EMA calculation alpha (smoothing)
	// value. It is different from a normal EMA alpha. Closer to 1 --> smoother.
	StakeDiffAlpha int64

	// StakeDiffWindowSize is the number of blocks used for each interval in
	// exponentially weighted average.
	StakeDiffWindowSize int64

	// StakeDiffWindows is the number of windows (intervals) used for calculation
	// of the exponentially weighted average.
	StakeDiffWindows int64

	// StakeVersionInterval determines the interval where the stake version
	// is calculated.
	StakeVersionInterval int64

	// MaxFreshStakePerBlock is the maximum number of new tickets that may be
	// submitted per block.
	MaxFreshStakePerBlock uint8

	// StakeEnabledHeight is the height in which the first ticket could possibly
	// mature.
	StakeEnabledHeight int64

	// StakeValidationHeight is the height at which votes (SSGen) are required
	// to add a new block to the top of the blockchain. This height is the
	// first block that will be voted on, but will include in itself no votes.
	StakeValidationHeight int64

	// StakeBaseSigScript is the consensus stakebase signature script for all
	// votes on the network. This isn't signed in any way, so without forcing
	// it to be this value miners/daemons could freely change it.
	StakeBaseSigScript []byte

	// StakeMajorityMultiplier and StakeMajorityDivisor are used
	// to calculate the super majority of stake votes using integer math as
	// such: X*StakeMajorityMultiplier/StakeMajorityDivisor
	StakeMajorityMultiplier int32
	StakeMajorityDivisor    int32

	// OrganizationPkScript is the output script for block taxes to be
	// distributed to in every block's coinbase. It should ideally be a P2SH
	// multisignature address.  OrganizationPkScriptVersion is the version
	// of the output script.  Until PoS hardforking is implemented, this
	// version must always match for a block to validate.
	OrganizationPkScript        []byte
	OrganizationPkScriptVersion uint16

	// BlockOneLedger specifies the list of payouts in the coinbase of
	// block height 1. If there are no payouts to be given, set this
	// to an empty slice.
	BlockOneLedger []*TokenPayout
}

// MainNetParams defines the network parameters for the main Decred network.
var MainNetParams = Params{
	Name:        "mainnet",
	Net:         wire.MainNet,
	DefaultPort: "9108",
	DNSSeeds: []DNSSeed{
		{"mainnet-seed.decred.mindcry.org", true},
		{"mainnet-seed.decred.netpurgatory.com", true},
		{"mainnet-seed.decred.org", true},
	},

	// Chain parameters
	GenesisBlock:             &genesisBlock,
	GenesisHash:              &genesisHash,
	PowLimit:                 mainPowLimit,
	PowLimitBits:             0x1d00ffff,
	ReduceMinDifficulty:      false,
	MinDiffReductionTime:     0, // Does not apply since ReduceMinDifficulty false
	GenerateSupported:        false,
	MaximumBlockSizes:        []int{393216},
	MaxTxSize:                393216,
	TargetTimePerBlock:       time.Minute * 5,
	WorkDiffAlpha:            1,
	WorkDiffWindowSize:       144,
	WorkDiffWindows:          20,
	TargetTimespan:           time.Minute * 5 * 144, // TimePerBlock * WindowSize
	RetargetAdjustmentFactor: 4,

	// Subsidy parameters.
	BaseSubsidy:              3119582664, // 21m
	MulSubsidy:               100,
	DivSubsidy:               101,
	SubsidyReductionInterval: 6144,
	WorkRewardProportion:     6,
	StakeRewardProportion:    3,
	BlockTaxProportion:       1,

	// Checkpoints ordered from oldest to newest.
	Checkpoints: []Checkpoint{
		{440, newHashFromStr("0000000000002203eb2c95ee96906730bb56b2985e174518f90eb4db29232d93")},
		{24480, newHashFromStr("0000000000000c9d4239c4ef7ef3fb5aaeed940244bc69c57c8c5e1f071b28a6")},
		{48590, newHashFromStr("0000000000000d5e0de21a96d3c965f5f2db2c82612acd7389c140c9afe92ba7")},
		{54770, newHashFromStr("00000000000009293d067b1126b7de07fc9b2b94ee50dfe0d48c239a7adb072c")},
		{60720, newHashFromStr("0000000000000a64475d68ffb9ad89a3d147c0f5138db26b40da9d19d0004117")},
		{65270, newHashFromStr("0000000000000021f107601962789b201f0a0cbb98ac5f8c12b93d94e795b441")},
		{75380, newHashFromStr("0000000000000e7d13cfc85806aa720fe3670980f5b7d33253e4f41985558372")},
		{85410, newHashFromStr("00000000000013ec928074bea6eac9754aa614c7acb20edf300f18b0cd122692")},
		{99880, newHashFromStr("0000000000000cb2a9a9ded647b9f78aae51ace32dd8913701d420ead272913c")},
		{123080, newHashFromStr("000000000000009ea6e02d0f0424f445ed50686f9ae4aecdf3b268e981114477")},
		{135960, newHashFromStr("00000000000001d2f9bbca9177972c0ba45acb40836b72945a75d73b99079498")},
		{139740, newHashFromStr("00000000000001397179ae1aff156fb1aea228938d06b83e43b78b1c44527b5b")},
		{155900, newHashFromStr("000000000000008557e37fb05177fc5a54e693de20689753639135f85a2dcb2e")},
		{164300, newHashFromStr("000000000000009ed067ff51cd5e15f3c786222a5183b20a991a80ce535907a9")},
		{181020, newHashFromStr("00000000000000b77d832cb2cbed02908d69323862a53e56345400ad81a6fb8f")},
		{189950, newHashFromStr("000000000000007341d8ae2ea7e41f25cee00e1a70a4a3dc1cb055d14ecb2e11")},
		{214672, newHashFromStr("0000000000000021d5cbeead55cb7fd659f07e8127358929ffc34cd362209758")},
	},

	// The miner confirmation window is defined as:
	//   target proof of work timespan / target proof of work spacing
	RuleChangeActivationQuorum:     4032, // 10 % of RuleChangeActivationInterval * TicketsPerBlock
	RuleChangeActivationMultiplier: 3,    // 75%
	RuleChangeActivationDivisor:    4,
	RuleChangeActivationInterval:   2016 * 4, // 4 weeks
	Deployments: map[uint32][]ConsensusDeployment{
		4: {{
			Vote: Vote{
				Id:          VoteIDSDiffAlgorithm,
				Description: "Change stake difficulty algorithm as defined in DCP0001",
				Mask:        0x0006, // Bits 1 and 2
				Choices: []Choice{{
					Id:          "abstain",
					Description: "abstain voting for change",
					Bits:        0x0000,
					IsAbstain:   true,
					IsNo:        false,
				}, {
					Id:          "no",
					Description: "keep the existing algorithm",
					Bits:        0x0002, // Bit 1
					IsAbstain:   false,
					IsNo:        true,
				}, {
					Id:          "yes",
					Description: "change to the new algorithm",
					Bits:        0x0004, // Bit 2
					IsAbstain:   false,
					IsNo:        false,
				}},
			},
			StartTime:  1493164800, // Apr 26th, 2017
			ExpireTime: 1524700800, // Apr 26th, 2018
		}, {
			Vote: Vote{
				Id:          VoteIDLNSupport,
				Description: "Request developers begin work on Lightning Network (LN) integration",
				Mask:        0x0018, // Bits 3 and 4
				Choices: []Choice{{
					Id:          "abstain",
					Description: "abstain from voting",
					Bits:        0x0000,
					IsAbstain:   true,
					IsNo:        false,
				}, {
					Id:          "no",
					Description: "no, do not work on integrating LN support",
					Bits:        0x0008, // Bit 3
					IsAbstain:   false,
					IsNo:        true,
				}, {
					Id:          "yes",
					Description: "yes, begin work on integrating LN support",
					Bits:        0x0010, // Bit 4
					IsAbstain:   false,
					IsNo:        false,
				}},
			},
			StartTime:  1493164800, // Apr 26th, 2017
			ExpireTime: 1508976000, // Oct 26th, 2017
		}},
		5: {{
			Vote: Vote{
				Id:          VoteIDLNFeatures,
				Description: "Enable features defined in DCP0002 and DCP0003 necessary to support Lightning Network (LN)",
				Mask:        0x0006, // Bits 1 and 2
				Choices: []Choice{{
					Id:          "abstain",
					Description: "abstain voting for change",
					Bits:        0x0000,
					IsAbstain:   true,
					IsNo:        false,
				}, {
					Id:          "no",
					Description: "keep the existing consensus rules",
					Bits:        0x0002, // Bit 1
					IsAbstain:   false,
					IsNo:        true,
				}, {
					Id:          "yes",
					Description: "change to the new consensus rules",
					Bits:        0x0004, // Bit 2
					IsAbstain:   false,
					IsNo:        false,
				}},
			},
			StartTime:  1505260800, // Sep 13th, 2017
			ExpireTime: 1536796800, // Sep 13th, 2018
		}},
	},

	// Enforce current block version once majority of the network has
	// upgraded.
	// 75% (750 / 1000)
	// Reject previous block versions once a majority of the network has
	// upgraded.
	// 95% (950 / 1000)
	BlockEnforceNumRequired: 750,
	BlockRejectNumRequired:  950,
	BlockUpgradeNumToCheck:  1000,

	// AcceptNonStdTxs is a mempool param to either accept and relay
	// non standard txs to the network or reject them
	AcceptNonStdTxs: false,

	// Address encoding magics
	NetworkAddressPrefix: "D",
	PubKeyAddrID:         [2]byte{0x13, 0x86}, // starts with Dk
	PubKeyHashAddrID:     [2]byte{0x07, 0x3f}, // starts with Ds
	PKHEdwardsAddrID:     [2]byte{0x07, 0x1f}, // starts with De
	PKHSchnorrAddrID:     [2]byte{0x07, 0x01}, // starts with DS
	ScriptHashAddrID:     [2]byte{0x07, 0x1a}, // starts with Dc
	PrivateKeyID:         [2]byte{0x22, 0xde}, // starts with Pm

	// BIP32 hierarchical deterministic extended key magics
	HDPrivateKeyID: [4]byte{0x02, 0xfd, 0xa4, 0xe8}, // starts with dprv
	HDPublicKeyID:  [4]byte{0x02, 0xfd, 0xa9, 0x26}, // starts with dpub

	// BIP44 coin type used in the hierarchical deterministic path for
	// address generation.
	HDCoinType: 20,

	// Decred PoS parameters
	MinimumStakeDiff:        2 * 1e8, // 2 Coin
	TicketPoolSize:          8192,
	TicketsPerBlock:         5,
	TicketMaturity:          256,
	TicketExpiry:            40960, // 5*TicketPoolSize
	CoinbaseMaturity:        256,
	SStxChangeMaturity:      1,
	TicketPoolSizeWeight:    4,
	StakeDiffAlpha:          1, // Minimal
	StakeDiffWindowSize:     144,
	StakeDiffWindows:        20,
	StakeVersionInterval:    144 * 2 * 7, // ~1 week
	MaxFreshStakePerBlock:   20,          // 4*TicketsPerBlock
	StakeEnabledHeight:      256 + 256,   // CoinbaseMaturity + TicketMaturity
	StakeValidationHeight:   4096,        // ~14 days
	StakeBaseSigScript:      []byte{0x00, 0x00},
	StakeMajorityMultiplier: 3,
	StakeMajorityDivisor:    4,

	// Decred organization related parameters
	// Organization address is Dcur2mcGjmENx4DhNqDctW5wJCVyT3Qeqkx
	OrganizationPkScript:        hexDecode("a914f5916158e3e2c4551c1796708db8367207ed13bb87"),
	OrganizationPkScriptVersion: 0,
	BlockOneLedger:              BlockOneLedgerMainNet,
}

// TestNet2Params defines the network parameters for the test currency network.
// This network is sometimes simply called "testnet".
// This is the second public iteration of testnet.
var TestNet2Params = Params{
	Name:        "testnet2",
	Net:         wire.TestNet2,
	DefaultPort: "19108",
	DNSSeeds: []DNSSeed{
		{"testnet-seed.decred.mindcry.org", true},
		{"testnet-seed.decred.netpurgatory.com", true},
		{"testnet-seed.decred.org", true},
	},

	// Chain parameters
	GenesisBlock:             &testNet2GenesisBlock,
	GenesisHash:              &testNet2GenesisHash,
	PowLimit:                 testNetPowLimit,
	PowLimitBits:             0x1e00ffff,
	ReduceMinDifficulty:      false,
	MinDiffReductionTime:     0, // Does not apply since ReduceMinDifficulty false
	GenerateSupported:        true,
	MaximumBlockSizes:        []int{1310720},
	MaxTxSize:                1000000,
	TargetTimePerBlock:       time.Minute * 2,
	WorkDiffAlpha:            1,
	WorkDiffWindowSize:       144,
	WorkDiffWindows:          20,
	TargetTimespan:           time.Minute * 2 * 144, // TimePerBlock * WindowSize
	RetargetAdjustmentFactor: 4,

	// Subsidy parameters.
	BaseSubsidy:              2500000000, // 25 Coin
	MulSubsidy:               100,
	DivSubsidy:               101,
	SubsidyReductionInterval: 2048,
	WorkRewardProportion:     6,
	StakeRewardProportion:    3,
	BlockTaxProportion:       1,

	// Checkpoints ordered from oldest to newest.
	Checkpoints: []Checkpoint{
		{12500, newHashFromStr("000000000046db2b18647632bac76577e418a5cdd8508a2f1cd82a6b30c3e854")},
		{25000, newHashFromStr("0000000000970b7f74178ba6bc3426cd2a65ab854c04e92f542567843f5612a2")},
		{37500, newHashFromStr("0000000000e5f9b3eb57259439694d3f12cd3b485cca54089fe3d4cc5c7c3e51")},
		{50000, newHashFromStr("0000000005bcc5dd36ba08523d32a3a581f1ef7376929f5b89757d1c9ced4154")},
		{62500, newHashFromStr("0000000003c0223971c732c49f019f449b494fdb822b67eb178fa4cf5d3b16ef")},
		{80000, newHashFromStr("0000000004239806fb02243757c0cd04f2103ad2c20d2afbdf21fafbd114ef60")},
		{97500, newHashFromStr("0000000003e41de65086786c253d2bf5259419cc15d1c1382b3d7bd69dcf7d45")},
		{110000, newHashFromStr("0000000003913d67af849f3dded4dd17038d366ff5c418be56f193ea574acf63")},
		{122500, newHashFromStr("0000000005db46602bc7146c87cd396db74696819c6685f0c61e9194e6278b07")},
		{140000, newHashFromStr("00000000015736a13fb25ef414947a8a7a4359ef5a00e3a03d6089f38f16f2de")},
		{157500, newHashFromStr("00000000052684525a3fedd619247b148eaa3ac38ab45781a1571099fd6036cf")},
		{175000, newHashFromStr("0000000000320a623fcc6453986ef13423f455ddf0f788ad1f2bda43858ccb8d")},
		{249802, newHashFromStr("0000000000153386623d86ce70cc9372fa000ac3b999eff11b9fc7a3ca0d072a")},
	},

	// Consensus rule change deployments.
	//
	// The miner confirmation window is defined as:
	//   target proof of work timespan / target proof of work spacing
	RuleChangeActivationQuorum:     2520, // 10 % of RuleChangeActivationInterval * TicketsPerBlock
	RuleChangeActivationMultiplier: 3,    // 75%
	RuleChangeActivationDivisor:    4,
	RuleChangeActivationInterval:   5040, // 1 week
	Deployments: map[uint32][]ConsensusDeployment{
		5: {{
			Vote: Vote{
				Id:          VoteIDSDiffAlgorithm,
				Description: "Change stake difficulty algorithm as defined in DCP0001",
				Mask:        0x0006, // Bits 1 and 2
				Choices: []Choice{{
					Id:          "abstain",
					Description: "abstain voting for change",
					Bits:        0x0000,
					IsAbstain:   true,
					IsNo:        false,
				}, {
					Id:          "no",
					Description: "keep the existing algorithm",
					Bits:        0x0002, // Bit 1
					IsAbstain:   false,
					IsNo:        true,
				}, {
					Id:          "yes",
					Description: "change to the new algorithm",
					Bits:        0x0004, // Bit 2
					IsAbstain:   false,
					IsNo:        false,
				}},
			},
			StartTime:  1493164800, // Apr 26th, 2017
			ExpireTime: 1524700800, // Apr 26th, 2018
		}},
		6: {{
			Vote: Vote{
				Id:          VoteIDLNFeatures,
				Description: "Enable features defined in DCP0002 and DCP0003 necessary to support Lightning Network (LN)",
				Mask:        0x0006, // Bits 1 and 2
				Choices: []Choice{{
					Id:          "abstain",
					Description: "abstain voting for change",
					Bits:        0x0000,
					IsAbstain:   true,
					IsNo:        false,
				}, {
					Id:          "no",
					Description: "keep the existing consensus rules",
					Bits:        0x0002, // Bit 1
					IsAbstain:   false,
					IsNo:        true,
				}, {
					Id:          "yes",
					Description: "change to the new consensus rules",
					Bits:        0x0004, // Bit 2
					IsAbstain:   false,
					IsNo:        false,
				}},
			},
			StartTime:  1505260800, // Sep 13th, 2017
			ExpireTime: 1536796800, // Sep 13th, 2018
		}},
	},

	// Enforce current block version once majority of the network has
	// upgraded.
	// 51% (51 / 100)
	// Reject previous block versions once a majority of the network has
	// upgraded.
	// 75% (75 / 100)
	BlockEnforceNumRequired: 51,
	BlockRejectNumRequired:  75,
	BlockUpgradeNumToCheck:  100,

	// AcceptNonStdTxs is a mempool param to either accept and relay
	// non standard txs to the network or reject them
	AcceptNonStdTxs: true,

	// Address encoding magics
	NetworkAddressPrefix: "T",
	PubKeyAddrID:         [2]byte{0x28, 0xf7}, // starts with Tk
	PubKeyHashAddrID:     [2]byte{0x0f, 0x21}, // starts with Ts
	PKHEdwardsAddrID:     [2]byte{0x0f, 0x01}, // starts with Te
	PKHSchnorrAddrID:     [2]byte{0x0e, 0xe3}, // starts with TS
	ScriptHashAddrID:     [2]byte{0x0e, 0xfc}, // starts with Tc
	PrivateKeyID:         [2]byte{0x23, 0x0e}, // starts with Pt

	// BIP32 hierarchical deterministic extended key magics
	HDPrivateKeyID: [4]byte{0x04, 0x35, 0x83, 0x97}, // starts with tprv
	HDPublicKeyID:  [4]byte{0x04, 0x35, 0x87, 0xd1}, // starts with tpub

	// BIP44 coin type used in the hierarchical deterministic path for
	// address generation.
	HDCoinType: 11,

	// Decred PoS parameters
	MinimumStakeDiff:        20000000, // 0.2 Coin
	TicketPoolSize:          1024,
	TicketsPerBlock:         5,
	TicketMaturity:          16,
	TicketExpiry:            6144, // 6*TicketPoolSize
	CoinbaseMaturity:        16,
	SStxChangeMaturity:      1,
	TicketPoolSizeWeight:    4,
	StakeDiffAlpha:          1,
	StakeDiffWindowSize:     144,
	StakeDiffWindows:        20,
	StakeVersionInterval:    144 * 2 * 7, // ~1 week
	MaxFreshStakePerBlock:   20,          // 4*TicketsPerBlock
	StakeEnabledHeight:      16 + 16,     // CoinbaseMaturity + TicketMaturity
	StakeValidationHeight:   768,         // Arbitrary
	StakeBaseSigScript:      []byte{0x00, 0x00},
	StakeMajorityMultiplier: 3,
	StakeMajorityDivisor:    4,

	// Decred organization related parameters.
	// Organization address is TccTkqj8wFqrUemmHMRSx8SYEueQYLmuuFk
	OrganizationPkScript:        hexDecode("4fa6cbd0dbe5ec407fe4c8ad374e667771fa0d44"),
	OrganizationPkScriptVersion: 0,
	BlockOneLedger:              BlockOneLedgerTestNet2,
}

// SimNetParams defines the network parameters for the simulation test Decred
// network.  This network is similar to the normal test network except it is
// intended for private use within a group of individuals doing simulation
// testing.  The functionality is intended to differ in that the only nodes
// which are specifically specified are used to create the network rather than
// following normal discovery rules.  This is important as otherwise it would
// just turn into another public testnet.
var SimNetParams = Params{
	Name:        "simnet",
	Net:         wire.SimNet,
	DefaultPort: "18555",
	DNSSeeds:    []DNSSeed{}, // NOTE: There must NOT be any seeds.

	// Chain parameters
	GenesisBlock:             &simNetGenesisBlock,
	GenesisHash:              &simNetGenesisHash,
	PowLimit:                 simNetPowLimit,
	PowLimitBits:             0x207fffff,
	ReduceMinDifficulty:      false,
	MinDiffReductionTime:     0, // Does not apply since ReduceMinDifficulty false
	GenerateSupported:        true,
	MaximumBlockSizes:        []int{1000000, 1310720},
	MaxTxSize:                1000000,
	TargetTimePerBlock:       time.Second,
	WorkDiffAlpha:            1,
	WorkDiffWindowSize:       8,
	WorkDiffWindows:          4,
	TargetTimespan:           time.Second * 8, // TimePerBlock * WindowSize
	RetargetAdjustmentFactor: 4,

	// Subsidy parameters.
	BaseSubsidy:              50000000000,
	MulSubsidy:               100,
	DivSubsidy:               101,
	SubsidyReductionInterval: 128,
	WorkRewardProportion:     6,
	StakeRewardProportion:    3,
	BlockTaxProportion:       1,

	// Checkpoints ordered from oldest to newest.
	Checkpoints: nil,

	// Consensus rule change deployments.
	//
	// The miner confirmation window is defined as:
	//   target proof of work timespan / target proof of work spacing
	RuleChangeActivationQuorum:     160, // 10 % of RuleChangeActivationInterval * TicketsPerBlock
	RuleChangeActivationMultiplier: 3,   // 75%
	RuleChangeActivationDivisor:    4,
	RuleChangeActivationInterval:   320, // 320 seconds
	Deployments: map[uint32][]ConsensusDeployment{
		4: {{
			Vote: Vote{
				Id:          VoteIDMaxBlockSize,
				Description: "Change maximum allowed block size from 1MiB to 1.25MB",
				Mask:        0x0006, // Bits 1 and 2
				Choices: []Choice{{
					Id:          "abstain",
					Description: "abstain voting for change",
					Bits:        0x0000,
					IsAbstain:   true,
					IsNo:        false,
				}, {
					Id:          "no",
					Description: "reject changing max allowed block size",
					Bits:        0x0002, // Bit 1
					IsAbstain:   false,
					IsNo:        true,
				}, {
					Id:          "yes",
					Description: "accept changing max allowed block size",
					Bits:        0x0004, // Bit 2
					IsAbstain:   false,
					IsNo:        false,
				}},
			},
			StartTime:  0,             // Always available for vote
			ExpireTime: math.MaxInt64, // Never expires
		}},
		5: {{
			Vote: Vote{
				Id:          VoteIDSDiffAlgorithm,
				Description: "Change stake difficulty algorithm as defined in DCP0001",
				Mask:        0x0006, // Bits 1 and 2
				Choices: []Choice{{
					Id:          "abstain",
					Description: "abstain voting for change",
					Bits:        0x0000,
					IsAbstain:   true,
					IsNo:        false,
				}, {
					Id:          "no",
					Description: "keep the existing algorithm",
					Bits:        0x0002, // Bit 1
					IsAbstain:   false,
					IsNo:        true,
				}, {
					Id:          "yes",
					Description: "change to the new algorithm",
					Bits:        0x0004, // Bit 2
					IsAbstain:   false,
					IsNo:        false,
				}},
			},
			StartTime:  0,             // Always available for vote
			ExpireTime: math.MaxInt64, // Never expires
		}},
		6: {{
			Vote: Vote{
				Id:          VoteIDLNFeatures,
				Description: "Enable features defined in DCP0002 and DCP0003 necessary to support Lightning Network (LN)",
				Mask:        0x0006, // Bits 1 and 2
				Choices: []Choice{{
					Id:          "abstain",
					Description: "abstain voting for change",
					Bits:        0x0000,
					IsAbstain:   true,
					IsNo:        false,
				}, {
					Id:          "no",
					Description: "keep the existing consensus rules",
					Bits:        0x0002, // Bit 1
					IsAbstain:   false,
					IsNo:        true,
				}, {
					Id:          "yes",
					Description: "change to the new consensus rules",
					Bits:        0x0004, // Bit 2
					IsAbstain:   false,
					IsNo:        false,
				}},
			},
			StartTime:  0,             // Always available for vote
			ExpireTime: math.MaxInt64, // Never expires
		}},
	},

	// Enforce current block version once majority of the network has
	// upgraded.
	// 51% (51 / 100)
	// Reject previous block versions once a majority of the network has
	// upgraded.
	// 75% (75 / 100)
	BlockEnforceNumRequired: 51,
	BlockRejectNumRequired:  75,
	BlockUpgradeNumToCheck:  100,

	// AcceptNonStdTxs is a mempool param to either accept and relay
	// non standard txs to the network or reject them
	AcceptNonStdTxs: true,

	// Address encoding magics
	NetworkAddressPrefix: "S",
	PubKeyAddrID:         [2]byte{0x27, 0x6f}, // starts with Sk
	PubKeyHashAddrID:     [2]byte{0x0e, 0x91}, // starts with Ss
	PKHEdwardsAddrID:     [2]byte{0x0e, 0x71}, // starts with Se
	PKHSchnorrAddrID:     [2]byte{0x0e, 0x53}, // starts with SS
	ScriptHashAddrID:     [2]byte{0x0e, 0x6c}, // starts with Sc
	PrivateKeyID:         [2]byte{0x23, 0x07}, // starts with Ps

	// BIP32 hierarchical deterministic extended key magics
	HDPrivateKeyID: [4]byte{0x04, 0x20, 0xb9, 0x03}, // starts with sprv
	HDPublicKeyID:  [4]byte{0x04, 0x20, 0xbd, 0x3d}, // starts with spub

	// BIP44 coin type used in the hierarchical deterministic path for
	// address generation.
	HDCoinType: 115, // ASCII for s

	// Decred PoS parameters
	MinimumStakeDiff:        20000,
	TicketPoolSize:          64,
	TicketsPerBlock:         5,
	TicketMaturity:          16,
	TicketExpiry:            384, // 6*TicketPoolSize
	CoinbaseMaturity:        16,
	SStxChangeMaturity:      1,
	TicketPoolSizeWeight:    4,
	StakeDiffAlpha:          1,
	StakeDiffWindowSize:     8,
	StakeDiffWindows:        8,
	StakeVersionInterval:    8 * 2 * 7,
	MaxFreshStakePerBlock:   20,            // 4*TicketsPerBlock
	StakeEnabledHeight:      16 + 16,       // CoinbaseMaturity + TicketMaturity
	StakeValidationHeight:   16 + (64 * 2), // CoinbaseMaturity + TicketPoolSize*2
	StakeBaseSigScript:      []byte{0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF},
	StakeMajorityMultiplier: 3,
	StakeMajorityDivisor:    4,

	// Decred organization related parameters
	//
	// "Dev org" address is a 3-of-3 P2SH going to wallet:
	// aardvark adroitness aardvark adroitness
	// aardvark adroitness aardvark adroitness
	// aardvark adroitness aardvark adroitness
	// aardvark adroitness aardvark adroitness
	// aardvark adroitness aardvark adroitness
	// aardvark adroitness aardvark adroitness
	// aardvark adroitness aardvark adroitness
	// aardvark adroitness aardvark adroitness
	// briefcase
	// (seed 0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000)
	//
	// This same wallet owns the three ledger outputs for simnet.
	//
	// P2SH details for simnet dev org is below.
	//
	// address: Scc4ZC844nzuZCXsCFXUBXTLks2mD6psWom
	// redeemScript: 532103e8c60c7336744c8dcc7b85c27789950fc52aa4e48f895ebbfb
	// ac383ab893fc4c2103ff9afc246e0921e37d12e17d8296ca06a8f92a07fbe7857ed1d4
	// f0f5d94e988f21033ed09c7fa8b83ed53e6f2c57c5fa99ed2230c0d38edf53c0340d0f
	// c2e79c725a53ae
	//   (3-of-3 multisig)
	// Pubkeys used:
	//   SkQmxbeuEFDByPoTj41TtXat8tWySVuYUQpd4fuNNyUx51tF1csSs
	//   SkQn8ervNvAUEX5Ua3Lwjc6BAuTXRznDoDzsyxgjYqX58znY7w9e4
	//   SkQkfkHZeBbMW8129tZ3KspEh1XBFC1btbkgzs6cjSyPbrgxzsKqk
	//
	// Organization address is ScuQxvveKGfpG1ypt6u27F99Anf7EW3cqhq
	OrganizationPkScript:        hexDecode("a914cbb08d6ca783b533b2c7d24a51fbca92d937bf9987"),
	OrganizationPkScriptVersion: 0,
	BlockOneLedger:              BlockOneLedgerSimNet,
}

var (
	// ErrDuplicateNet describes an error where the parameters for a Decred
	// network could not be set due to the network already being a standard
	// network or previously-registered into this package.
	ErrDuplicateNet = errors.New("duplicate Decred network")

	// ErrUnknownHDKeyID describes an error where the provided id which
	// is intended to identify the network for a hierarchical deterministic
	// private extended key is not registered.
	ErrUnknownHDKeyID = errors.New("unknown hd private extended key bytes")
)

var (
	registeredNets    = make(map[wire.CurrencyNet]struct{})
	pubKeyAddrIDs     = make(map[[2]byte]struct{})
	pubKeyHashAddrIDs = make(map[[2]byte]struct{})
	pkhEdwardsAddrIDs = make(map[[2]byte]struct{})
	pkhSchnorrAddrIDs = make(map[[2]byte]struct{})
	scriptHashAddrIDs = make(map[[2]byte]struct{})
	hdPrivToPubKeyIDs = make(map[[4]byte][]byte)
)

// String returns the hostname of the DNS seed in human-readable form.
func (d DNSSeed) String() string {
	return d.Host
}

// Register registers the network parameters for a Decred network.  This may
// error with ErrDuplicateNet if the network is already registered (either
// due to a previous Register call, or the network being one of the default
// networks).
//
// Network parameters should be registered into this package by a main package
// as early as possible.  Then, library packages may lookup networks or network
// parameters based on inputs and work regardless of the network being standard
// or not.
func Register(params *Params) error {
	if _, ok := registeredNets[params.Net]; ok {
		return ErrDuplicateNet
	}
	registeredNets[params.Net] = struct{}{}
	pubKeyAddrIDs[params.PubKeyAddrID] = struct{}{}
	pubKeyHashAddrIDs[params.PubKeyHashAddrID] = struct{}{}
	scriptHashAddrIDs[params.ScriptHashAddrID] = struct{}{}
	hdPrivToPubKeyIDs[params.HDPrivateKeyID] = params.HDPublicKeyID[:]
	return nil
}

// mustRegister performs the same function as Register except it panics if there
// is an error.  This should only be called from package init functions.
func mustRegister(params *Params) {
	if err := Register(params); err != nil {
		panic("failed to register network: " + err.Error())
	}
}

// IsPubKeyAddrID returns whether the id is an identifier known to prefix a
// pay-to-pubkey address on any default or registered network.
func IsPubKeyAddrID(id [2]byte) bool {
	_, ok := pubKeyHashAddrIDs[id]
	return ok
}

// IsPubKeyHashAddrID returns whether the id is an identifier known to prefix a
// pay-to-pubkey-hash address on any default or registered network.  This is
// used when decoding an address string into a specific address type.  It is up
// to the caller to check both this and IsScriptHashAddrID and decide whether an
// address is a pubkey hash address, script hash address, neither, or
// undeterminable (if both return true).
func IsPubKeyHashAddrID(id [2]byte) bool {
	_, ok := pubKeyHashAddrIDs[id]
	return ok
}

// IsPKHEdwardsAddrID returns whether the id is an identifier know to prefix a
// pay-to-pubkey-hash Edwards address.
func IsPKHEdwardsAddrID(id [2]byte) bool {
	_, ok := pkhEdwardsAddrIDs[id]
	return ok
}

// IsPKHSchnorrAddrID returns whether the id is an identifier know to prefix a
// pay-to-pubkey-hash secp256k1 Schnorr address.
func IsPKHSchnorrAddrID(id [2]byte) bool {
	_, ok := pkhSchnorrAddrIDs[id]
	return ok
}

// IsScriptHashAddrID returns whether the id is an identifier known to prefix a
// pay-to-script-hash address on any default or registered network.  This is
// used when decoding an address string into a specific address type.  It is up
// to the caller to check both this and IsPubKeyHashAddrID and decide whether an
// address is a pubkey hash address, script hash address, neither, or
// undeterminable (if both return true).
func IsScriptHashAddrID(id [2]byte) bool {
	_, ok := scriptHashAddrIDs[id]
	return ok
}

// HDPrivateKeyToPublicKeyID accepts a private hierarchical deterministic
// extended key id and returns the associated public key id.  When the provided
// id is not registered, the ErrUnknownHDKeyID error will be returned.
func HDPrivateKeyToPublicKeyID(id []byte) ([]byte, error) {
	if len(id) != 4 {
		return nil, ErrUnknownHDKeyID
	}

	var key [4]byte
	copy(key[:], id)
	pubBytes, ok := hdPrivToPubKeyIDs[key]
	if !ok {
		return nil, ErrUnknownHDKeyID
	}

	return pubBytes, nil
}

// newHashFromStr converts the passed big-endian hex string into a
// chainhash.Hash.  It only differs from the one available in chainhash in that
// it panics on an error since it will only (and must only) be called with
// hard-coded, and therefore known good, hashes.
func newHashFromStr(hexStr string) *chainhash.Hash {
	hash, err := chainhash.NewHashFromStr(hexStr)
	if err != nil {
		// Ordinarily I don't like panics in library code since it
		// can take applications down without them having a chance to
		// recover which is extremely annoying, however an exception is
		// being made in this case because the only way this can panic
		// is if there is an error in the hard-coded hashes.  Thus it
		// will only ever potentially panic on init and therefore is
		// 100% predictable.
		panic(err)
	}
	return hash
}

func hexDecode(hexStr string) []byte {
	b, err := hex.DecodeString(hexStr)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	return b
}

// BlockOneSubsidy returns the total subsidy of block height 1 for the
// network.
func (p *Params) BlockOneSubsidy() int64 {
	if len(p.BlockOneLedger) == 0 {
		return 0
	}

	sum := int64(0)
	for _, output := range p.BlockOneLedger {
		sum += output.Amount
	}

	return sum
}

// TotalSubsidyProportions is the sum of WorkReward, StakeReward, and BlockTax
// proportions.
func (p *Params) TotalSubsidyProportions() uint16 {
	return p.WorkRewardProportion + p.StakeRewardProportion + p.BlockTaxProportion
}

// LatestCheckpointHeight is the height of the latest checkpoint block in the
// parameters.
func (p *Params) LatestCheckpointHeight() int64 {
	if len(p.Checkpoints) == 0 {
		return 0
	}
	return p.Checkpoints[len(p.Checkpoints)-1].Height
}

func init() {
	// Register all default networks when the package is initialized.
	mustRegister(&MainNetParams)
	mustRegister(&TestNet2Params)
	mustRegister(&SimNetParams)
}