.ipynb_checkpoints/regex_by_example-checkpoint.ipynb

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   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "# Regular Expression By Example\n",
      "\n",
      "- **Author:** [Chris Albon](http://www.chrisalbon.com/), [@ChrisAlbon](https://twitter.com/chrisalbon)\n",
      "- **Date:** -\n",
      "- **Repo:** [Python 3 code snippets for data science](https://github.com/chrisalbon/code_py)\n",
      "- **Note:** This snippit is based on: [http://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_reg_expressions.htm](http://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_reg_expressions.htm)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Import regex\n",
      "import re"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 23
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Create some data\n",
      "text = 'A flock of 120 quick brown foxes jumped over 30 lazy brown, bears.'"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 24
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### ^ Matches beginning of line."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('^A', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 39,
       "text": [
        "['A']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 39
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### $ Matches end of line."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('bears.$', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 38,
       "text": [
        "['bears.']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 38
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### . Matches any single character except newline."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('f..es', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 37,
       "text": [
        "['foxes']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 37
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### [...] Matches any single character in brackets."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Find all vowels\n",
      "re.findall('[aeiou]', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 51,
       "text": [
        "['u', 'i', 'o', 'o', 'e', 'u', 'e', 'o', 'e', 'a', 'o', 'e', 'a']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 51
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### [# ^...] Matches any single character not in brackets"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Find all characters that are not lower-case vowels\n",
      "re.findall('[^aeiou]', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 56,
       "text": [
        "['A',\n",
        " ' ',\n",
        " '1',\n",
        " '2',\n",
        " '0',\n",
        " ' ',\n",
        " 'q',\n",
        " 'c',\n",
        " 'k',\n",
        " ' ',\n",
        " 'b',\n",
        " 'r',\n",
        " 'w',\n",
        " 'n',\n",
        " ' ',\n",
        " 'f',\n",
        " 'x',\n",
        " 's',\n",
        " ' ',\n",
        " 'j',\n",
        " 'm',\n",
        " 'p',\n",
        " 'd',\n",
        " ' ',\n",
        " 'v',\n",
        " 'r',\n",
        " ' ',\n",
        " '3',\n",
        " '0',\n",
        " ' ',\n",
        " 'l',\n",
        " 'z',\n",
        " 'y',\n",
        " ' ',\n",
        " 'b',\n",
        " 'r',\n",
        " 'w',\n",
        " 'n',\n",
        " ',',\n",
        " ' ',\n",
        " 'b',\n",
        " 'r',\n",
        " 's',\n",
        " '.']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 56
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### a | b Matches either a or b."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('a|A', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 74,
       "text": [
        "['A', 'a', 'a']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 74
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### (re) Groups regular expressions and remembers matched text."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Find any instance of 'fox'\n",
      "re.findall('(foxes)', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 79,
       "text": [
        "['foxes']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 79
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### \\w Matches word characters."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Break up string into five character blocks\n",
      "re.findall('\\w\\w\\w\\w\\w', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 116,
       "text": [
        "['quick', 'brown', 'foxes', 'jumpe', 'brown', 'bears']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 116
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### \\W Matches nonword characters."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('\\W\\W', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 121,
       "text": [
        "[', ']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 121
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### \\s Matches whitespace. Equivalent to [\\t\\n\\r\\f]."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('\\s', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 120,
       "text": [
        "[' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 120
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### \\S Matches nonwhitespace."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('\\S\\S', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 124,
       "text": [
        "['12',\n",
        " 'qu',\n",
        " 'ic',\n",
        " 'br',\n",
        " 'ow',\n",
        " 'fo',\n",
        " 'xe',\n",
        " 'ju',\n",
        " 'mp',\n",
        " 'ed',\n",
        " 'ov',\n",
        " 'er',\n",
        " '30',\n",
        " 'la',\n",
        " 'zy',\n",
        " 'br',\n",
        " 'ow',\n",
        " 'n,',\n",
        " 'be',\n",
        " 'ar',\n",
        " 's.']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 124
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### \\d Matches digits. Equivalent to [0-9]."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('\\d\\d\\d', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 125,
       "text": [
        "['120']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 125
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### \\D Matches nondigits."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('\\D\\D\\D\\D\\D', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 127,
       "text": [
        "[' quic',\n",
        " 'k bro',\n",
        " 'wn fo',\n",
        " 'xes j',\n",
        " 'umped',\n",
        " ' over',\n",
        " ' lazy',\n",
        " ' brow',\n",
        " 'n, be']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 127
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### \\A Matches beginning of string."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('\\AA', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 131,
       "text": [
        "['A']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 131
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### \\Z Matches end of string. If a newline exists, it matches just before newline."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('bears.\\Z', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 135,
       "text": [
        "['bears.']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 135
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### \\z Matches end of string."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('\\.\\z', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 143,
       "text": [
        "[]"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 143
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('\\b[foxes]', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 153,
       "text": [
        "[]"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 153
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### \\n, \\t, etc. Matches newlines, carriage returns, tabs, etc."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('\\n', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 155,
       "text": [
        "[]"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 155
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### [Pp]ython Match \"Python\" or \"python\""
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('[Ff]oxes', 'foxes Foxes Doxes')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 170,
       "text": [
        "['foxes', 'Foxes']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 170
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### [0-9] Match any digit; same as [0123456789]"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('[Ff]oxes', 'foxes Foxes Doxes')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": []
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### [a-z] Match any lowercase ASCII letter"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('[a-z]', 'foxes Foxes')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 172,
       "text": [
        "['f', 'o', 'x', 'e', 's', 'o', 'x', 'e', 's']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 172
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### [A-Z] Match any uppercase ASCII letter"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('[A-Z]', 'foxes Foxes')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 173,
       "text": [
        "['F']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 173
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### [a-zA-Z0-9] Match any of the above"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('[a-zA-Z0-9]', 'foxes Foxes')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 175,
       "text": [
        "['f', 'o', 'x', 'e', 's', 'F', 'o', 'x', 'e', 's']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 175
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### [^aeiou] Match anything other than a lowercase vowel"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('[^aeiou]', 'foxes Foxes')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 176,
       "text": [
        "['f', 'x', 's', ' ', 'F', 'x', 's']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 176
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### [^0-9] Match anything other than a digit"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('[^0-9]', 'foxes Foxes')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 177,
       "text": [
        "['f', 'o', 'x', 'e', 's', ' ', 'F', 'o', 'x', 'e', 's']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 177
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### ruby? Match \"rub\" or \"ruby\": the y is optional"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('foxes?', 'foxes Foxes')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 180,
       "text": [
        "['foxes']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 180
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### ruby* Match \"rub\" plus 0 or more ys"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('ox*', 'foxes Foxes')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 183,
       "text": [
        "['ox', 'ox']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 183
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### ruby+ Match \"rub\" plus 1 or more ys"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('ox+', 'foxes Foxes')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 184,
       "text": [
        "['ox', 'ox']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 184
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### \\d{3} Match exactly 3 digits"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('\\d{3}', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 188,
       "text": [
        "['120']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 188
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### \\d{3,} Match 3 or more digits"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('\\d{2,}', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 189,
       "text": [
        "['120', '30']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 189
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### \\d{3,5} Match 3, 4, or 5 digits"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('\\d{2,3}', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 190,
       "text": [
        "['120', '30']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 190
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### ^Python Match \"Python\" at the start of a string or internal line"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('^A', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 191,
       "text": [
        "['A']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 191
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### Python$ Match \"Python\" at the end of a string or line"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('bears.$', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 192,
       "text": [
        "['bears.']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 192
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### \\APython Match \"Python\" at the start of a string"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('\\AA', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 196,
       "text": [
        "['A']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 196
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### Python\\Z Match \"Python\" at the end of a string"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('bears.\\Z', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 198,
       "text": [
        "['bears.']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 198
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### Python(?=!) Match \"Python\", if followed by an exclamation point"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('bears(?=.)', text)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 204,
       "text": [
        "['bears']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 204
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### Python(?!!) Match \"Python\", if not followed by an exclamation point"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('foxes(?!!)', 'foxes foxes!')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 209,
       "text": [
        "['foxes']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 209
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### python|perl Match \"python\" or \"perl\""
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('foxes|foxes!', 'foxes foxes!')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 211,
       "text": [
        "['foxes', 'foxes']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 211
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### rub(y|le)) Match \"ruby\" or \"ruble\""
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('fox(es!)', 'foxes foxes!')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 212,
       "text": [
        "['es!']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 212
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### Python(!+|\\?) \"Python\" followed by one or more ! or one ?"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "re.findall('foxes(!)', 'foxes foxes!')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 213,
       "text": [
        "['!']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 213
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": []
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}