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gnmt_model.py
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gnmt_model.py
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# Copyright 2017 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# ==============================================================================
"""GNMT attention sequence-to-sequence model with dynamic RNN support."""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
import tensorflow as tf
# TODO(rzhao): Use tf.contrib.framework.nest once 1.3 is out.
from tensorflow.python.util import nest
from . import attention_model
from . import model_helper
from .utils import misc_utils as utils
__all__ = ["GNMTModel"]
class GNMTModel(attention_model.AttentionModel):
"""Sequence-to-sequence dynamic model with GNMT attention architecture.
"""
def __init__(self,
hparams,
mode,
iterator,
source_vocab_table,
target_vocab_table,
reverse_target_vocab_table=None,
scope=None,
extra_args=None):
super(GNMTModel, self).__init__(
hparams=hparams,
mode=mode,
iterator=iterator,
source_vocab_table=source_vocab_table,
target_vocab_table=target_vocab_table,
reverse_target_vocab_table=reverse_target_vocab_table,
scope=scope,
extra_args=extra_args)
def _build_encoder(self, hparams):
"""Build a GNMT encoder."""
if hparams.encoder_type == "uni" or hparams.encoder_type == "bi":
return super(GNMTModel, self)._build_encoder(hparams)
if hparams.encoder_type != "gnmt":
raise ValueError("Unknown encoder_type %s" % hparams.encoder_type)
# Build GNMT encoder.
num_bi_layers = 1
num_uni_layers = self.num_encoder_layers - num_bi_layers
utils.print_out(" num_bi_layers = %d" % num_bi_layers)
utils.print_out(" num_uni_layers = %d" % num_uni_layers)
iterator = self.iterator
source = iterator.source
if self.time_major:
source = tf.transpose(source)
with tf.variable_scope("encoder") as scope:
dtype = scope.dtype
# Look up embedding, emp_inp: [max_time, batch_size, num_units]
# when time_major = True
encoder_emb_inp = tf.nn.embedding_lookup(self.embedding_encoder,
source)
# Execute _build_bidirectional_rnn from Model class
bi_encoder_outputs, bi_encoder_state = self._build_bidirectional_rnn(
inputs=encoder_emb_inp,
sequence_length=iterator.source_sequence_length,
dtype=dtype,
hparams=hparams,
num_bi_layers=num_bi_layers,
num_bi_residual_layers=0, # no residual connection
)
uni_cell = model_helper.create_rnn_cell(
unit_type=hparams.unit_type,
num_units=hparams.num_units,
num_layers=num_uni_layers,
num_residual_layers=self.num_encoder_residual_layers,
forget_bias=hparams.forget_bias,
dropout=hparams.dropout,
num_gpus=self.num_gpus,
base_gpu=1,
mode=self.mode,
single_cell_fn=self.single_cell_fn)
# encoder_outputs: size [max_time, batch_size, num_units]
# when time_major = True
encoder_outputs, encoder_state = tf.nn.dynamic_rnn(
uni_cell,
bi_encoder_outputs,
dtype=dtype,
sequence_length=iterator.source_sequence_length,
time_major=self.time_major)
# Pass all encoder state except the first bi-directional layer's state to
# decoder.
encoder_state = (bi_encoder_state[1],) + (
(encoder_state,) if num_uni_layers == 1 else encoder_state)
return encoder_outputs, encoder_state
def _build_decoder_cell(self, hparams, encoder_outputs, encoder_state,
source_sequence_length):
"""Build a RNN cell with GNMT attention architecture."""
# Standard attention
if hparams.attention_architecture == "standard":
return super(GNMTModel, self)._build_decoder_cell(
hparams, encoder_outputs, encoder_state, source_sequence_length)
# GNMT attention
attention_option = hparams.attention
attention_architecture = hparams.attention_architecture
num_units = hparams.num_units
beam_width = hparams.beam_width
dtype = tf.float32
if self.time_major:
memory = tf.transpose(encoder_outputs, [1, 0, 2])
else:
memory = encoder_outputs
if self.mode == tf.contrib.learn.ModeKeys.INFER and beam_width > 0:
memory = tf.contrib.seq2seq.tile_batch(
memory, multiplier=beam_width)
source_sequence_length = tf.contrib.seq2seq.tile_batch(
source_sequence_length, multiplier=beam_width)
encoder_state = tf.contrib.seq2seq.tile_batch(
encoder_state, multiplier=beam_width)
batch_size = self.batch_size * beam_width
else:
batch_size = self.batch_size
attention_mechanism = self.attention_mechanism_fn(
attention_option, num_units, memory, source_sequence_length, self.mode)
cell_list = model_helper._cell_list( # pylint: disable=protected-access
unit_type=hparams.unit_type,
num_units=num_units,
num_layers=self.num_decoder_layers,
num_residual_layers=self.num_decoder_residual_layers,
forget_bias=hparams.forget_bias,
dropout=hparams.dropout,
num_gpus=self.num_gpus,
mode=self.mode,
single_cell_fn=self.single_cell_fn,
residual_fn=gnmt_residual_fn
)
# Only wrap the bottom layer with the attention mechanism.
attention_cell = cell_list.pop(0)
# Only generate alignment in greedy INFER mode.
alignment_history = (self.mode == tf.contrib.learn.ModeKeys.INFER and
beam_width == 0)
attention_cell = tf.contrib.seq2seq.AttentionWrapper(
attention_cell,
attention_mechanism,
attention_layer_size=None, # don't use attention layer.
output_attention=False,
alignment_history=alignment_history,
name="attention")
if attention_architecture == "gnmt":
cell = GNMTAttentionMultiCell(
attention_cell, cell_list)
elif attention_architecture == "gnmt_v2":
cell = GNMTAttentionMultiCell(
attention_cell, cell_list, use_new_attention=True)
else:
raise ValueError(
"Unknown attention_architecture %s" % attention_architecture)
if hparams.pass_hidden_state:
decoder_initial_state = tuple(
zs.clone(cell_state=es)
if isinstance(zs, tf.contrib.seq2seq.AttentionWrapperState) else es
for zs, es in zip(
cell.zero_state(batch_size, dtype), encoder_state))
else:
decoder_initial_state = cell.zero_state(batch_size, dtype)
return cell, decoder_initial_state
def _get_infer_summary(self, hparams):
# Standard attention
if hparams.attention_architecture == "standard":
return super(GNMTModel, self)._get_infer_summary(hparams)
# GNMT attention
if hparams.beam_width > 0:
return tf.no_op()
return attention_model._create_attention_images_summary(
self.final_context_state[0])
class GNMTAttentionMultiCell(tf.nn.rnn_cell.MultiRNNCell):
"""A MultiCell with GNMT attention style."""
def __init__(self, attention_cell, cells, use_new_attention=False):
"""Creates a GNMTAttentionMultiCell.
Args:
attention_cell: An instance of AttentionWrapper.
cells: A list of RNNCell wrapped with AttentionInputWrapper.
use_new_attention: Whether to use the attention generated from current
step bottom layer's output. Default is False.
"""
cells = [attention_cell] + cells
self.use_new_attention = use_new_attention
super(GNMTAttentionMultiCell, self).__init__(cells, state_is_tuple=True)
def __call__(self, inputs, state, scope=None):
"""Run the cell with bottom layer's attention copied to all upper layers."""
if not nest.is_sequence(state):
raise ValueError(
"Expected state to be a tuple of length %d, but received: %s"
% (len(self.state_size), state))
with tf.variable_scope(scope or "multi_rnn_cell"):
new_states = []
with tf.variable_scope("cell_0_attention"):
attention_cell = self._cells[0]
attention_state = state[0]
cur_inp, new_attention_state = attention_cell(inputs, attention_state)
new_states.append(new_attention_state)
for i in range(1, len(self._cells)):
with tf.variable_scope("cell_%d" % i):
cell = self._cells[i]
cur_state = state[i]
if self.use_new_attention:
cur_inp = tf.concat([cur_inp, new_attention_state.attention], -1)
else:
cur_inp = tf.concat([cur_inp, attention_state.attention], -1)
cur_inp, new_state = cell(cur_inp, cur_state)
new_states.append(new_state)
return cur_inp, tuple(new_states)
def gnmt_residual_fn(inputs, outputs):
"""Residual function that handles different inputs and outputs inner dims.
Args:
inputs: cell inputs, this is actual inputs concatenated with the attention
vector.
outputs: cell outputs
Returns:
outputs + actual inputs
"""
def split_input(inp, out):
out_dim = out.get_shape().as_list()[-1]
inp_dim = inp.get_shape().as_list()[-1]
return tf.split(inp, [out_dim, inp_dim - out_dim], axis=-1)
actual_inputs, _ = nest.map_structure(split_input, inputs, outputs)
def assert_shape_match(inp, out):
inp.get_shape().assert_is_compatible_with(out.get_shape())
nest.assert_same_structure(actual_inputs, outputs)
nest.map_structure(assert_shape_match, actual_inputs, outputs)
return nest.map_structure(lambda inp, out: inp + out, actual_inputs, outputs)