ping.go

package ping

import (
	"context"
	"errors"
	"log"
	"math"
	"net"
	"os/exec"
	"runtime"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/circonus-labs/circonus-unified-agent/cua"
	"github.com/circonus-labs/circonus-unified-agent/internal"
	"github.com/circonus-labs/circonus-unified-agent/plugins/inputs"
	"github.com/glinton/ping"
)

// HostPinger is a function that runs the "ping" function using a list of
// passed arguments. This can be easily switched with a mocked ping function
// for unit test purposes (see ping_test.go)
type HostPinger func(binary string, timeout float64, args ...string) (string, error)

type HostResolver func(ctx context.Context, ipv6 bool, host string) (*net.IPAddr, error)

type IsCorrectNetwork func(ip net.IPAddr) bool

type Ping struct {
	wg sync.WaitGroup

	// Interval at which to ping (ping -i <INTERVAL>)
	PingInterval float64 `toml:"ping_interval"`

	// Number of pings to send (ping -c <COUNT>)
	Count int

	// Per-ping timeout, in seconds. 0 means no timeout (ping -W <TIMEOUT>)
	Timeout float64

	// Ping deadline, in seconds. 0 means no deadline. (ping -w <DEADLINE>)
	Deadline int

	// Interface or source address to send ping from (ping -I/-S <INTERFACE/SRC_ADDR>)
	Interface string

	// URLs to ping
	Urls []string

	// Method defines how to ping (native or exec)
	Method string

	// Ping executable binary
	Binary string

	// Arguments for ping command. When arguments is not empty, system binary will be used and
	// other options (ping_interval, timeout, etc) will be ignored
	Arguments []string

	// Whether to resolve addresses using ipv6 or not.
	IPv6 bool

	// host ping function
	pingHost HostPinger

	// resolve host function
	resolveHost HostResolver

	// listenAddr is the address associated with the interface defined.
	listenAddr string
}

func (*Ping) Description() string {
	return "Ping given url(s) and return statistics"
}

const sampleConfig = `
  ## Hosts to send ping packets to.
  urls = ["example.org"]

  ## Method used for sending pings, can be either "exec" or "native".  When set
  ## to "exec" the systems ping command will be executed.  When set to "native"
  ## the plugin will send pings directly.
  ##
  ## While the default is "exec" for backwards compatibility, new deployments
  ## are encouraged to use the "native" method for improved compatibility and
  ## performance.
  # method = "exec"

  ## Number of ping packets to send per interval.  Corresponds to the "-c"
  ## option of the ping command.
  # count = 1

  ## Time to wait between sending ping packets in seconds.  Operates like the
  ## "-i" option of the ping command.
  # ping_interval = 1.0

  ## If set, the time to wait for a ping response in seconds.  Operates like
  ## the "-W" option of the ping command.
  # timeout = 1.0

  ## If set, the total ping deadline, in seconds.  Operates like the -w option
  ## of the ping command.
  # deadline = 10

  ## Interface or source address to send ping from.  Operates like the -I or -S
  ## option of the ping command.
  # interface = ""

  ## Specify the ping executable binary.
  # binary = "ping"

  ## Arguments for ping command. When arguments is not empty, the command from
  ## the binary option will be used and other options (ping_interval, timeout,
  ## etc) will be ignored.
  # arguments = ["-c", "3"]

  ## Use only IPv6 addresses when resolving a hostname.
  # ipv6 = false
`

func (*Ping) SampleConfig() string {
	return sampleConfig
}

func (p *Ping) Gather(acc cua.Accumulator) error {
	if p.Interface != "" && p.listenAddr == "" {
		p.listenAddr = getAddr(p.Interface)
	}

	for _, host := range p.Urls {
		p.wg.Add(1)
		go func(host string) {
			defer p.wg.Done()

			switch p.Method {
			case "native":
				p.pingToURLNative(host, acc)
			default:
				p.pingToURL(host, acc)
			}
		}(host)
	}

	p.wg.Wait()

	return nil
}

func getAddr(iface string) string {
	if addr := net.ParseIP(iface); addr != nil {
		return addr.String()
	}

	ifaces, err := net.Interfaces()
	if err != nil {
		return ""
	}

	var ip net.IP
	for i := range ifaces {
		if ifaces[i].Name == iface {
			addrs, err := ifaces[i].Addrs()
			if err != nil {
				return ""
			}
			if len(addrs) > 0 {
				switch v := addrs[0].(type) {
				case *net.IPNet:
					ip = v.IP
				case *net.IPAddr:
					ip = v.IP
				}
				if len(ip) == 0 {
					return ""
				}
				return ip.String()
			}
		}
	}

	return ""
}

func hostPinger(binary string, timeout float64, args ...string) (string, error) {
	bin, err := exec.LookPath(binary)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	c := exec.Command(bin, args...)
	out, err := internal.CombinedOutputTimeout(c,
		time.Second*time.Duration(timeout+5))
	return string(out), err
}

func filterIPs(addrs []net.IPAddr, filterFunc IsCorrectNetwork) []net.IPAddr {
	n := 0
	for _, x := range addrs {
		if filterFunc(x) {
			addrs[n] = x
			n++
		}
	}
	return addrs[:n]
}

func hostResolver(ctx context.Context, ipv6 bool, destination string) (*net.IPAddr, error) {
	resolver := &net.Resolver{}
	ips, err := resolver.LookupIPAddr(ctx, destination)

	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if ipv6 {
		ips = filterIPs(ips, isV6)
	} else {
		ips = filterIPs(ips, isV4)
	}

	if len(ips) == 0 {
		return nil, errors.New("Cannot resolve ip address")
	}
	return &ips[0], err
}

func isV4(ip net.IPAddr) bool {
	return ip.IP.To4() != nil
}

func isV6(ip net.IPAddr) bool {
	return !isV4(ip)
}

func (p *Ping) pingToURLNative(destination string, acc cua.Accumulator) {
	ctx := context.Background()
	interval := p.PingInterval
	if interval < 0.2 {
		interval = 0.2
	}

	timeout := p.Timeout
	if timeout == 0 {
		timeout = 5
	}

	tick := time.NewTicker(time.Duration(interval * float64(time.Second)))
	defer tick.Stop()

	if p.Deadline > 0 {
		var cancel context.CancelFunc
		ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Duration(p.Deadline)*time.Second)
		defer cancel()
	}

	host, err := p.resolveHost(ctx, p.IPv6, destination)
	if err != nil {
		acc.AddFields(
			"ping",
			map[string]interface{}{"result_code": 1},
			map[string]string{"url": destination},
		)
		acc.AddError(err)
		return
	}

	resps := make(chan *ping.Response)
	rsps := []*ping.Response{}

	r := &sync.WaitGroup{}
	r.Add(1)
	go func() {
		for res := range resps {
			rsps = append(rsps, res)
		}
		r.Done()
	}()

	wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}
	c := ping.Client{}

	var doErr error
	var packetsSent int

	type sentReq struct {
		err  error
		sent bool
	}
	sents := make(chan sentReq)

	r.Add(1)
	go func() {
		for sent := range sents {
			if sent.err != nil {
				doErr = sent.err
			}
			if sent.sent {
				packetsSent++
			}
		}
		r.Done()
	}()

	for i := 0; i < p.Count; i++ {
		select {
		case <-ctx.Done():
			goto finish
		case <-tick.C:
			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Duration(timeout*float64(time.Second)))
			defer cancel()

			wg.Add(1)
			go func(seq int) {
				defer wg.Done()
				resp, err := c.Do(ctx, &ping.Request{
					Dst: net.ParseIP(host.String()),
					Src: net.ParseIP(p.listenAddr),
					Seq: seq,
				})

				sent := sentReq{err: err, sent: true}
				if err != nil {
					if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "not permitted") {
						sent.sent = false
					}
					sents <- sent
					return
				}

				resps <- resp
				sents <- sent
			}(i + 1)
		}
	}

finish:
	wg.Wait()
	close(resps)
	close(sents)

	r.Wait()

	if doErr != nil && strings.Contains(doErr.Error(), "not permitted") {
		log.Printf("D! [inputs.ping] %s", doErr.Error())
	}

	tags, fields := onFin(packetsSent, rsps, doErr, destination)
	acc.AddFields("ping", fields, tags)
}

func onFin(packetsSent int, resps []*ping.Response, err error, destination string) (map[string]string, map[string]interface{}) {
	packetsRcvd := len(resps)

	tags := map[string]string{"url": destination}
	fields := map[string]interface{}{
		"result_code":         0,
		"packets_transmitted": packetsSent,
		"packets_received":    packetsRcvd,
	}

	if packetsSent == 0 {
		if err != nil {
			fields["result_code"] = 2
		}
		return tags, fields
	}

	if packetsRcvd == 0 {
		if err != nil {
			fields["result_code"] = 1
		}
		fields["percent_packet_loss"] = float64(100)
		return tags, fields
	}

	fields["percent_packet_loss"] = float64(packetsSent-packetsRcvd) / float64(packetsSent) * 100
	ttl := resps[0].TTL

	var min, max, avg, total time.Duration
	min = resps[0].RTT
	max = resps[0].RTT

	for _, res := range resps {
		if res.RTT < min {
			min = res.RTT
		}
		if res.RTT > max {
			max = res.RTT
		}
		total += res.RTT
	}

	avg = total / time.Duration(packetsRcvd)
	var sumsquares time.Duration
	for _, res := range resps {
		sumsquares += (res.RTT - avg) * (res.RTT - avg)
	}
	stdDev := time.Duration(math.Sqrt(float64(sumsquares / time.Duration(packetsRcvd))))

	// Set TTL only on supported platform. See golang.org/x/net/ipv4/payload_cmsg.go
	switch runtime.GOOS {
	case "aix", "darwin", "dragonfly", "freebsd", "linux", "netbsd", "openbsd", "solaris":
		fields["ttl"] = ttl
	}

	fields["minimum_response_ms"] = float64(min.Nanoseconds()) / float64(time.Millisecond)
	fields["average_response_ms"] = float64(avg.Nanoseconds()) / float64(time.Millisecond)
	fields["maximum_response_ms"] = float64(max.Nanoseconds()) / float64(time.Millisecond)
	fields["standard_deviation_ms"] = float64(stdDev.Nanoseconds()) / float64(time.Millisecond)

	return tags, fields
}

// Init ensures the plugin is configured correctly.
func (p *Ping) Init() error {
	if p.Count < 1 {
		return errors.New("bad number of packets to transmit")
	}

	return nil
}

func init() {
	inputs.Add("ping", func() cua.Input {
		return &Ping{
			pingHost:     hostPinger,
			resolveHost:  hostResolver,
			PingInterval: 1.0,
			Count:        1,
			Timeout:      1.0,
			Deadline:     10,
			Method:       "exec",
			Binary:       "ping",
			Arguments:    []string{},
		}
	})
}