cobs.c

/*
 * cobs.c
 *
 * Consistent Overhead Byte Stuffing
 */

#include <stdlib.h>
#include "cobs.h"


/*****************************************************************************
 * Defines
 ****************************************************************************/

#ifndef FALSE
#define FALSE       (0)
#endif

#ifndef TRUE
#define TRUE        (!FALSE)
#endif


/*****************************************************************************
 * Functions
 ****************************************************************************/

/* COBS-encode a string of input bytes.
 *
 * dst_buf_ptr:    The buffer into which the result will be written
 * dst_buf_len:    Length of the buffer into which the result will be written
 * src_ptr:        The byte string to be encoded
 * src_len         Length of the byte string to be encoded
 *
 * returns:        A struct containing the success status of the encoding
 *                 operation and the length of the result (that was written to
 *                 dst_buf_ptr)
 */
cobs_encode_result cobs_encode(void * dst_buf_ptr, size_t dst_buf_len,
                               const void * src_ptr, size_t src_len)
{
    cobs_encode_result  result              = { 0u, COBS_ENCODE_OK };
    const uint8_t *     src_read_ptr        = src_ptr;
    const uint8_t *     src_end_ptr         = src_read_ptr + src_len;
    uint8_t *           dst_buf_start_ptr   = dst_buf_ptr;
    uint8_t *           dst_buf_end_ptr     = dst_buf_start_ptr + dst_buf_len;
    uint8_t *           dst_code_write_ptr  = dst_buf_ptr;
    uint8_t *           dst_write_ptr       = dst_code_write_ptr + 1u;
    uint8_t             src_byte            = 0u;
    uint8_t             search_len          = 1u;


    /* First, do a NULL pointer check and return immediately if it fails. */
    if ((dst_buf_ptr == NULL) || (src_ptr == NULL))
    {
        result.status = COBS_ENCODE_NULL_POINTER;
        return result;
    }

    if (src_len != 0u)
    {
        /* Iterate over the source bytes */
        for (;;)
        {
            /* Check for running out of output buffer space */
            if (dst_write_ptr >= dst_buf_end_ptr)
            {
                result.status |= COBS_ENCODE_OUT_BUFFER_OVERFLOW;
                break;
            }

            src_byte = *src_read_ptr++;
            if (src_byte == 0u)
            {
                /* We found a zero byte */
                *dst_code_write_ptr = search_len;
                dst_code_write_ptr = dst_write_ptr++;
                search_len = 1u;
                if (src_read_ptr >= src_end_ptr)
                {
                    break;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                /* Copy the non-zero byte to the destination buffer */
                *dst_write_ptr++ = src_byte;
                search_len++;
                if (src_read_ptr >= src_end_ptr)
                {
                    break;
                }
                if (search_len == 0xFFu)
                {
                    /* We have a long string of non-zero bytes, so we need
                     * to write out a length code of 0xFF. */
                    *dst_code_write_ptr = search_len;
                    dst_code_write_ptr = dst_write_ptr++;
                    search_len = 1u;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /* We've reached the end of the source data (or possibly run out of output buffer)
     * Finalise the remaining output. In particular, write the code (length) byte.
     * Update the pointer to calculate the final output length.
     */
    if (dst_code_write_ptr >= dst_buf_end_ptr)
    {
        /* We've run out of output buffer to write the code byte. */
        result.status |= COBS_ENCODE_OUT_BUFFER_OVERFLOW;
        dst_write_ptr = dst_buf_end_ptr;
    }
    else
    {
        /* Write the last code (length) byte. */
        *dst_code_write_ptr = search_len;
    }

    /* Calculate the output length, from the value of dst_code_write_ptr */
    result.out_len = (size_t)(dst_write_ptr - dst_buf_start_ptr);

    return result;
}


/* Decode a COBS byte string.
 *
 * dst_buf_ptr:    The buffer into which the result will be written
 * dst_buf_len:    Length of the buffer into which the result will be written
 * src_ptr:        The byte string to be decoded
 * src_len         Length of the byte string to be decoded
 *
 * returns:        A struct containing the success status of the decoding
 *                 operation and the length of the result (that was written to
 *                 dst_buf_ptr)
 */
cobs_decode_result cobs_decode(void * dst_buf_ptr, size_t dst_buf_len,
                               const void * src_ptr, size_t src_len)
{
    cobs_decode_result  result              = { 0u, COBS_DECODE_OK };
    const uint8_t *     src_read_ptr        = src_ptr;
    const uint8_t *     src_end_ptr         = src_read_ptr + src_len;
    uint8_t *           dst_buf_start_ptr   = dst_buf_ptr;
    uint8_t *           dst_buf_end_ptr     = dst_buf_start_ptr + dst_buf_len;
    uint8_t *           dst_write_ptr       = dst_buf_ptr;
    size_t              remaining_bytes;
    uint8_t             src_byte;
    uint8_t             i;
    uint8_t             len_code;


    /* First, do a NULL pointer check and return immediately if it fails. */
    if ((dst_buf_ptr == NULL) || (src_ptr == NULL))
    {
        result.status = COBS_DECODE_NULL_POINTER;
        return result;
    }

    if (src_len != 0u)
    {
        for (;;)
        {
            len_code = *src_read_ptr++;
            if (len_code == 0u)
            {
                result.status |= COBS_DECODE_ZERO_BYTE_IN_INPUT;
                break;
            }
            len_code--;

            /* Check length code against remaining input bytes */
            remaining_bytes = (size_t)(src_end_ptr - src_read_ptr);
            if (len_code > remaining_bytes)
            {
                result.status |= COBS_DECODE_INPUT_TOO_SHORT;
                len_code = (uint8_t)remaining_bytes;
            }

            /* Check length code against remaining output buffer space */
            remaining_bytes = (size_t)(dst_buf_end_ptr - dst_write_ptr);
            if (len_code > remaining_bytes)
            {
                result.status |= COBS_DECODE_OUT_BUFFER_OVERFLOW;
                len_code = (uint8_t)remaining_bytes;
            }

            for (i = len_code; i != 0u; i--)
            {
                src_byte = *src_read_ptr++;
                if (src_byte == 0u)
                {
                    result.status |= COBS_DECODE_ZERO_BYTE_IN_INPUT;
                }
                *dst_write_ptr++ = src_byte;
            }

            if (src_read_ptr >= src_end_ptr)
            {
                break;
            }

            /* Add a zero to the end */
            if (len_code != 0xFEu)
            {
                if (dst_write_ptr >= dst_buf_end_ptr)
                {
                    result.status |= COBS_DECODE_OUT_BUFFER_OVERFLOW;
                    break;
                }
                *dst_write_ptr++ = '\0';
            }
        }
    }

    result.out_len = (size_t)(dst_write_ptr - dst_buf_start_ptr);

    return result;
}