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manual.html
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manual.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 1.5.5">
<title>DarkRadiant User Guide</title>
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<body class="article toc2 toc-left">
<div id="header">
<h1>DarkRadiant User Guide</h1>
<div id="toc" class="toc2">
<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_introduction">Introduction</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_editing_workflow">Editing workflow</a></li>
<li><a href="#_what_s_in_a_map">What’s in a MAP?</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_initial_configuration">Initial configuration</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#GameSetup">Choosing a game type</a></li>
<li><a href="#_interface_layout">Interface layout</a></li>
<li><a href="#_colour_schemes">Colour schemes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_basic_editing">Basic editing</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_navigating_the_2d_view">Navigating the 2D view</a></li>
<li><a href="#_adjusting_the_grid">Adjusting the grid</a></li>
<li><a href="#Using3DCameraView">Using the 3D camera view</a></li>
<li><a href="#_manipulating_objects">Manipulating objects</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_flipping_and_rotating">Flipping and rotating</a></li>
<li><a href="#ManipulatorModes">Manipulator modes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_working_with_brushes">Working with brushes</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#CreatingABrush">Creating a brush</a></li>
<li><a href="#_more_complex_brush_shapes">More complex brush shapes</a></li>
<li><a href="#_creating_a_room">Creating a room</a></li>
<li><a href="#SplittingBrushes">Splitting brushes</a></li>
<li><a href="#_reshaping_brush_edges">Reshaping brush edges</a></li>
<li><a href="#BrushBasedSelection">Brush-based selection</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_working_with_patches">Working with patches</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_creating_a_simple_patch">Creating a simple patch</a></li>
<li><a href="#_manipulating_control_points">Manipulating control points</a></li>
<li><a href="#_more_complex_patch_shapes">More complex patch shapes</a></li>
<li><a href="#_controlling_patch_subdivision">Controlling patch subdivision</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_applying_textures">Applying textures</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#MediaTab">The Media tab</a></li>
<li><a href="#TexturesTab">The Textures tab</a></li>
<li><a href="#SurfaceInspector">Using the Surface Inspector</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_working_with_entities">Working with entities</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#CreatingLights">Creating lights</a></li>
<li><a href="#CreatingModels">Creating models</a></li>
<li><a href="#_creating_a_player_start_marker">Creating a player start marker</a></li>
<li><a href="#_creating_other_entity_types">Creating other entity types</a></li>
<li><a href="#EntityInspector">Editing entity properties</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_reparenting_primitives">Reparenting primitives</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_converting_primitives_into_func_static">Converting primitives into func_static</a></li>
<li><a href="#_selecting_individual_child_primitives">Selecting individual child primitives</a></li>
<li><a href="#_adding_or_removing_primitives">Adding or removing primitives</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_compiling_a_map">Compiling a map</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_preventing_leaks">Preventing leaks</a></li>
<li><a href="#PointFile">Locating leaks with a pointfile</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_organising_a_map">Organising a map</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#Group">Grouping objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#WorkingWithPrefabs">Working with prefabs</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_exporting_to_a_prefab">Exporting to a prefab</a></li>
<li><a href="#ImportPrefab">Importing a prefab</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_exporting_models">Exporting models</a></li>
<li><a href="#_using_layers">Using layers</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_the_layers_window">The Layers window</a></li>
<li><a href="#_moving_objects_into_layers">Moving objects into layers</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_filtering_map_elements">Filtering map elements</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_built_in_filters">Built-in filters</a></li>
<li><a href="#_customising_filters">Customising filters</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_the_entity_list">The entity list</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_dark_mod_features">Dark Mod features</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_the_difficulty_editor">The Difficulty editor</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_command_reference">Command reference</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_file_menu">File menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#_edit_menu">Edit menu</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_configuring_darkradiant">Configuring DarkRadiant</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_the_preferences_dialog">The Preferences dialog</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_camera_settings">Camera settings</a></li>
<li><a href="#_orthoview_settings">Orthoview settings</a></li>
<li><a href="#_multi_monitor_settings">Multi Monitor settings</a></li>
<li><a href="#_autosave_settings">Autosave settings</a></li>
<li><a href="#_clipper_settings">Clipper settings</a></li>
<li><a href="#_grid_settings">Grid settings</a></li>
<li><a href="#_selection_settings">Selection settings</a></li>
<li><a href="#_undo_settings">Undo settings</a></li>
<li><a href="#_primitives_settings">Primitives settings</a></li>
<li><a href="#_texture_browser_settings">Texture Browser settings</a></li>
<li><a href="#_map_files_settings">Map files settings</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_features_for_game_distributors">Features for game distributors</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_controlling_asset_visibility">Controlling asset visibility</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_creating_an_assets_lst_file">Creating an assets.lst file</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_introduction">Introduction</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>DarkRadiant is a level editor for Doom 3 and The Dark Mod, developed by The Dark
Mod team. It may also be used for editing levels for similar <strong>id Software</strong> games
such as Quake 4.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This User Guide describes the features and functionality of DarkRadiant, however
it is not intended as a guide to mapping techniques. Level design is a complex
topic, and is covered by various other learning resources, some of which are
listed below.</p>
</div>
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1"><a href="http://wiki.thedarkmod.com/index.php?title=Main_Page">The Dark Mod Wiki</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>The
starting point for most Dark Mod documentation and tutorials, including
gameplay, configuration and editing.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><a href="https://modwiki.xnet.fi">ModWiki</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>Online wiki covering editing topics for
vanilla Doom 3 and similar engines.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><a href="http://forums.thedarkmod.com">The Dark Mod forums</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>Online community for
discussion of the Dark Mod, including various ad-hoc mapping tutorial threads
posted by individual users.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_editing_workflow">Editing workflow</h3>
<div class="imageblock" style="text-align: center">
<div class="content">
<img src="img/DarkRadiantWorkflow.png" alt="DarkRadiantWorkflow">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The level editing process starts off with basic assets: models, textures,
sounds, entity definitions, skins, animations and so on. Many of these assets
will be packaged with a particular game installation, but a level designer may
also choose to create custom assets for a specific mission. These assets are
installed into a directory tree which is accessible both by DarkRadiant (for
editing) and the game engine itself (for playing the mission).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Once assets have been arranged in DarkRadiant according to the wishes of the
level designer, a <code>.map</code> file is saved to disk. This is a text file in a format
understood by the game engine, and includes both level geometry and references
to the assets used in the map. Since the <code>.map</code> file is simply text, and does
not actually embed the binary asset data, it tends to be fairly small.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The game engine includes functionality to <em>compile</em> the <code>.map</code> file into a
<code>.proc</code> file containing low-level vertex geometry derived from the brushes and
patches within the <code>.map</code> file. The game engine can then render the mission in
realtime, making use of the same assets that were accessed by DarkRadiant during
editing.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>DarkRadiant also maintains its own separate file containing various editing
information, such as object layers used within a map. This <code>.darkradiant</code> file
is never used by the game engine, and is non-critical — a <code>.map</code> file with no
accompanying <code>.darkradiant</code> file can still be edited with DarkRadiant, although
certain DarkRadiant-specific state may be lost.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_what_s_in_a_map">What’s in a MAP?</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>There are three main types of object contained within a <code>.map</code> file: entities,
brushes and patches.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Entities</strong> are the top-level objects in a map — essentially, a map file is just a
list of entities. Every entity has an <strong>entity class</strong> which determines the type
of entity it is: static mesh, AI, sound emitter, particle emitter, light etc.
Entities also store a list of string key/value pairs, known as <strong>spawnargs</strong> or
<strong>properties</strong>. Some entities also contain brushes and patches as children.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Brushes</strong> are convex solids used to define basic map geometry: walls, floors,
ceilings, steps and other medium to large items. Brushes are often rectangular
in shape, although a brush can actually have any number of faces provided that
it is convex (it is impossible to have a brush in an L or a U shape, for
example). Brushes are not smooth-shaded by the game engine, which generally
makes them unsuitable for representing curved surfaces.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Patches</strong> are smooth one-sided surfaces used to represent curved objects such as
vaulted ceilings, pillars or cave interiors. A patch is defined by a number of
Bezier control points, and offers control over the level of detail used when
subdividing the patch into triangles for rendering: more triangles will produce
a smoother surface but may lower rendering performance.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Brushes and patches together are also referred to as <strong>primitives</strong> (since they
define the basic geometry of the map), and are typically described as such in
situations where the distinction between brush and patch is not important.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The entities, brushes and patches in a map are arranged in a hierarchy: not
every entity has children, but every primitive must have an entity as a parent.
Each map therefore starts with a single default entity called the <strong>worldspawn</strong>,
which acts as the parent for new brushes and patches created in DarkRadiant.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_initial_configuration">Initial configuration</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="GameSetup">Choosing a game type</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>When running DarkRadiant for the first time, the <strong>Game Setup</strong> dialog will be
shown. This is where you configure the path to the game installation from which
DarkRadiant will load assets, such as textures, models and entity definitions.</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock" style="text-align: center">
<div class="content">
<img src="img/GameSetupDialog.png" alt="GameSetupDialog">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The <strong>Game Setup</strong> dialog contains the following options:</p>
</div>
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1"><strong>Game Type</strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>DarkRadiant ships with support for several different game engines,
each of which is contained within a <code>.game</code> file. For editing Dark Mod
missions, the default choice of <code>The Dark Mod 2.0 (Standalone)</code> is the one to
use, but it is also possible to edit stock Doom 3 or Quake 4 missions.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><strong>DarkMod Path</strong> / <strong>Engine Path</strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>This is the path to the game installation on
the system. The label text will change depending on whether the selected game
is <code>The Dark Mod</code> or another engine.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><strong>Mission</strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>Optional path to a subdirectory containing assets specific to a
particular mission which is being worked on. For game types other than <code>The
Dark Mod</code>, this will be displayed as <strong>Mod (fs_game)</strong>, and should be set to the
path of a subdirectory containing a particular game mod, if one is being used.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><strong>Mod Base (fs_game_base)</strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>This field only appears for non-DarkMod game types.
It allows a two-level mod structure, where the <strong>Mod Base</strong> can point to a major
game mod, possibly downloaded from elsewhere, while <strong>Mod</strong> can be set to point
to an entirely local "sub-mod" which contains local changes and overrides.
Before the release of Dark Mod standalone, this field would have been set to
<code>darkmod</code> while the <strong>Mod</strong> field would have been set to the local mission,
however this is no longer necessary when <code>The Dark Mod 2.0 (Standalone)</code> is
being used.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Once the game paths are set up, click the <strong>Save</strong> button to proceed to the main
DarkRadiant interface.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<img src="img/note.png" alt="Note">
</td>
<td class="content">
It is possible to <strong>Cancel</strong> the <strong>Game Setup</strong> dialog and proceed to the main
window without configuring a game installation, in which case DarkRadiant will
show a warning and ask if you wish to proceed. If you do, DarkRadiant will run
but there will be no available textures, models, entities or other game assets.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_interface_layout">Interface layout</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>DarkRadiant ships with a number of different user interface layouts, which
control the position, visibility and window type of the major interface
elements. The current layout can be changed from the <code>View → Window Layout</code>
menu, and will require DarkRadiant to be restarted.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>There is currently no support for custom layouts, however all of the provided
layouts allow window sizes and splitter positions to be changed, and the changes
will persist through multiple editing sessions.</p>
</div>
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1"><strong>Embedded</strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>A large 2D window is shown on the right, while the left-hand side
is divided vertically into the 3D camera window and a tab widget containing the
main editing panels. There are no floating subwindows in this layout.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><strong>Regular</strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>A legacy GtkRadiant layout which places the 2D window on the left,
the 3D camera view on the top right, and a 2D scrolling textures panel on the
bottom right. Other tabs in the editing panel are shown in a floating window.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><strong>RegularLeft</strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>The same as <strong>Regular</strong> except the full-height 2D window is on the
right and the 3D window and texture panels are on the left.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><strong>Floating</strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>The 2D window, 3D window and editing tab widget are all shown in
separate floating windows which always appear above the main DarkRadiant
window. The main window itself is empty apart from the toolbars and status bar.
This is the most flexible layout, since each subwindow can be sized or
positioned as desired, but the multiple subwindows may be cumbersome to manage.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><strong>SplitPane</strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>Three separate 2D windows, showing each of the major axes, are
shown alongside the 3D camera view in a 2x2 layout similar to traditional 3D
modelling applications. The editing tab widget is in a floating window.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_colour_schemes">Colour schemes</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>DarkRadiant defaults to a black-on-white colour scheme in the 2D windows, but
ships with four other colour schemes, which can be accessed under <code>View →
Colours…​</code>. If you prefer a dark theme, the <code>Black & Green</code> scheme might be
suitable, whereas the <code>Maya/Max/Lightwave Emulation</code> and <code>Super Mal</code> themes
provide a more neutral, low-contrast look.</p>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-none spread">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 33.3333%;">
<col style="width: 33.3333%;">
<col style="width: 33.3334%;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-center valign-top"><div><div class="paragraph">
<p><span class="image"><img src="img/DarkRadiantDefaultTheme.png" alt="DarkRadiantDefaultTheme"></span><br>
<strong>DarkRadiant Default</strong></p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-center valign-top"><div><div class="paragraph">
<p><span class="image"><img src="img/BlackGreenTheme.png" alt="BlackGreenTheme"></span><br>
<strong>Black and Green</strong></p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-center valign-top"><div><div class="paragraph">
<p><span class="image"><img src="img/Q3RadiantTheme.png" alt="Q3RadiantTheme"></span><br>
<strong>QE3Radiant Original</strong></p>
</div></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-center valign-top"><div><div class="paragraph">
<p><span class="image"><img src="img/SuperMalTheme.png" alt="SuperMalTheme"></span><br>
<strong>Super Mal</strong></p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-center valign-top"><div><div class="paragraph">
<p><span class="image"><img src="img/MayaEmulationTheme.png" alt="MayaEmulationTheme"></span><br>
<strong>Maya/Max/Lightwave Emulation</strong></p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-center valign-top"><div></div></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Each of the colour schemes can be edited using the colour selector buttons in
the <strong>Colours</strong> dialog, and it is also possible to copy one of the default schemes
into a custom scheme with a new name.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<img src="img/note.png" alt="Note">
</td>
<td class="content">
The game installation may specify the colour of certain entity types, in
which case it will not be possible to change the colour of these entities via
the <strong>Colours</strong> dialog.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_basic_editing">Basic editing</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_navigating_the_2d_view">Navigating the 2D view</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The game world is a three-dimensional vector space with a central origin,
rendered in the 2D editing window as a grid. The unit of measurement is an
arbitrary game unit which does not directly correspond to any real-world
measurement system — in The Dark Mod, a typical human stands around 80 - 90
game units high, making a game unit about 2 cm.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Each 2D window shows which axes it is representing with an icon in the top-left
corner, as well as an identical icon at the <code><0,0,0></code> origin position, if
visible within the view.</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock" style="text-align: center">
<div class="content">
<img src="img/2DViewMarkedUp.png" alt="2DViewMarkedUp">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 1. Components of the 2D view</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The 2D view also shows the current position of the camera (used for rendering
the separate 3D camera view window), and its view direction.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The following commands are available within the 2D view:</p>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all spread">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 25%;">
<col style="width: 75%;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Right drag</p></th>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Scroll the view horizontally or vertically</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Mouse wheel</p></th>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Zoom the view</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Shift + Right drag</p></th>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Zoom the view (alternative binding)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Ctrl + Middle click</p></th>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Move the camera directly to the clicked position</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Middle click</p></th>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Rotate the camera to look directly at the clicked point</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Ctrl + TAB</p></th>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Change view axis (XY, XZ, YZ)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Ctrl + Shift + TAB</p></th>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Center 2D view on current camera position</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_adjusting_the_grid">Adjusting the grid</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The grid shown in the 2D view is used to snap the position and size of brushes
and patches, as well as the centerpoints of entities. The size of the grid can
be configured, in powers of 2, from 0.125 up to 256, using the <strong>1-9</strong> keys on the
main keyboard (not the numeric keypad), or the equivalent options in the <strong>Grid</strong>
menu.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The <strong>0</strong> key on the main keyboard can be used to toggle the display of the grid.
Note that objects will still be snapped to the grid even if the grid is not
visible; this is purely a visual toggle.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock important">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<img src="img/important.png" alt="Important">
</td>
<td class="content">
Level geometry built from brushes and patches should <em>always</em> be
snapped to the grid to avoid problems such as rendering glitches and map leaks.
Static meshes and animated AI can be positioned more freely, however grid
snapping is a useful tool for ensuring that models are appropriately aligned
with the level geometry.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="Using3DCameraView">Using the 3D camera view</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The 3D camera view provides an approximate rendering of the map in three
dimensions, in several different render modes: wireframe, flat shaded, textured,
and fully lit by in-game light sources. While the 2D view is the main interface
for creating and aligning level geometry, the 3D view is a vital tool for tasks
such as texturing, or configuring light parameters.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock important">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<img src="img/important.png" alt="Important">
</td>
<td class="content">
The fully lit rendering mode in DarkRadiant is very limited, and only
offers a partial view of what the game engine will ultimately render. In
particular, there are no shadows or foglights.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The 3D camera view provides its own toolbar which can be used to configure
various display settings.</p>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all spread">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 7.1428%;">
<col style="width: 21.4285%;">