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PODMAN logo

Basic Setup and Use of Podman

Podman is a utility provided as part of the libpod library. It can be used to create and maintain containers. The following tutorial will teach you how to set up Podman and perform some basic commands with Podman.

Install Podman on Fedora from RPM Repositories

Fedora 27 and later provide Podman via the package manager.

$ sudo dnf install -y podman

Install Podman on Fedora from Source

Many of the basic components to run Podman are readily available from the Fedora RPM repositories. In this section, we will help you install all the runtime and build dependencies for Podman, acquire the source, and build it.

Installing build and runtime dependencies

$ sudo dnf install -y git runc libassuan-devel golang golang-github-cpuguy83-go-md2man glibc-static \
                                    gpgme-devel glib2-devel device-mapper-devel libseccomp-devel \
                                    atomic-registries iptables skopeo-containers containernetworking-cni \
                                    conmon

Building and installing podman

First, configure a GOPATH (if you are using go1.8 or later, this defaults to ~/go), then clone and make libpod.

$ export GOPATH=~/go
$ mkdir -p $GOPATH
$ git clone https://github.com/containers/libpod/ $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/libpod
$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/libpod
$ make
$ sudo make install PREFIX=/usr

You now have a working podman environment. Jump to Familiarizing yourself with Podman to begin using Podman.

Install podman on Ubuntu

The default Ubuntu cloud image size will not allow for the following exercise to be done without increasing its capacity. Be sure to add at least 5GB to the image. Instructions to do this are outside the scope of this tutorial. For this tutorial, the Ubuntu artful-server-cloudimg image was used.

Installing build and runtime dependencies

Installing base packages

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install libdevmapper-dev libglib2.0-dev libgpgme11-dev golang libseccomp-dev \
                        go-md2man libprotobuf-dev libprotobuf-c0-dev libseccomp-dev python3-setuptools

Building and installing conmon

First, configure a GOPATH (if you are using go1.8 or later, this defaults to ~/go), then clone and make libpod.

$ export GOPATH=~/go
$ mkdir -p $GOPATH
$ git clone https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-o $GOPATH/src/github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-o
$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-o
$ mkdir bin
$ make bin/conmon
$ sudo install -D -m 755 bin/conmon /usr/libexec/podman/conmon

Adding required configuration files

$ sudo mkdir -p /etc/containers
$ sudo curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectatomic/registries/master/registries.fedora -o /etc/containers/registries.conf
$ sudo curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containers/skopeo/master/default-policy.json -o /etc/containers/policy.json

Installing CNI plugins

$ git clone https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins.git $GOPATH/src/github.com/containernetworking/plugins
$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/containernetworking/plugins
$ ./build.sh
$ sudo mkdir -p /usr/libexec/cni
$ sudo cp bin/* /usr/libexec/cni

Installing runc

$ git clone https://github.com/opencontainers/runc.git $GOPATH/src/github.com/opencontainers/runc
$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/opencontainers/runc
$ make static BUILDTAGS="seccomp selinux"
$ sudo cp runc /usr/bin/runc

Building and installing Podman

$ git clone https://github.com/containers/libpod/ $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/libpod
$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/libpod
$ make
$ sudo make install PREFIX=/usr

Familiarizing yourself with Podman

Running a sample container

This sample container will run a very basic httpd server that serves only its index page.

$ sudo podman run -dt -e HTTPD_VAR_RUN=/var/run/httpd -e HTTPD_MAIN_CONF_D_PATH=/etc/httpd/conf.d \
                    -e HTTPD_MAIN_CONF_PATH=/etc/httpd/conf \
                    -e HTTPD_CONTAINER_SCRIPTS_PATH=/usr/share/container-scripts/httpd/ \
                    registry.fedoraproject.org/f27/httpd /usr/bin/run-httpd

Because the container is being run in detached mode, represented by the -d in the podman run command, podman will print the container ID after it has run.

Listing running containers

The Podman ps command is used to list creating and running containers.

$ sudo podman ps

Note: If you add -a to the ps command, Podman will show all containers.

Inspecting a running container

You can "inspect" a running container for metadata and details about itself. We can even use the inspect subcommand to see what IP address was assigned to the container.

$ sudo podman inspect -l | grep IPAddress\":
        "IPAddress": "10.88.6.140",

Note: The -l is convenience arguement for latest container. You can also use the container's ID instead of -l.

Testing the httpd server

Now that we have the IP address of the container, we can test the network communication between the host operating system and the container using curl. The following command should display the index page of our containerized httpd server.

# curl http://<IP_address>:8080

Viewing the container's logs

You can view the container's logs with Podman as well:

$ sudo podman logs --latest
10.88.0.1 - - [07/Feb/2018:15:22:11 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.55.1" "-"
10.88.0.1 - - [07/Feb/2018:15:22:30 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.55.1" "-"
10.88.0.1 - - [07/Feb/2018:15:22:30 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.55.1" "-"
10.88.0.1 - - [07/Feb/2018:15:22:31 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.55.1" "-"
10.88.0.1 - - [07/Feb/2018:15:22:31 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.55.1" "-"

Viewing the container's pids

And you can observe the httpd pid in the container with top.

$ sudo podman top <container_id>
  UID   PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
    0 31873 31863  0 09:21 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
  101 31889 31873  0 09:21 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process

Stopping the container

To stop the httpd container:

$ sudo podman stop --latest

You can also check the status of one or more containers using the ps subcommand. In this case, we should use the -a argument to list all containers.

$ sudo podman ps -a

Removing the container

To remove the httpd container:

$ sudo podman rm --latest

You can verify the deletion of the container by running podman ps -a.

Integration Tests

For more information on how to setup and run the integration tests in your environment, checkout the Integration Tests README.md

More information

For more information on Podman and its subcommands, checkout the asciiart demos on the README.md page.