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<p>ES6模块主要有两个功能：export和import</p>
<p>export用于对外输出本模块（一个文件可以理解为一个模块）变量的接口</p>
<p>import用于在一个模块中加载另一个含有export接口的模块。</p>
<p>也就是说使用export命令定义了模块的对外接口以后，其他JS文件就可以通过import命令加载这个模块（文件）。</p>
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<h2 id="export和import（一个导出一个导入）"><a href="#export和import（一个导出一个导入）" class="headerlink" title="export和import（一个导出一个导入）"></a>export和import（一个导出一个导入）</h2><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// a 文件 </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">var</span> name=<span class="string">"cosyer"</span> <span class="comment">// 导出单个变量</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 引用a文件 </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> {name} <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'./a'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">default</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> data(){</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> howl:<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>)</span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(name) <span class="comment">// cosyer</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 导出多个变量 </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> name1=<span class="string">'张三'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> name2=<span class="string">'李四'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> {name1,name2}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 引用多个变量</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> {name1,name2} <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'./a'</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 导出函数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">mini</span>(<span class="params">num</span>)</span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(num)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> {mini}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 引用函数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> {mini} <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'./a'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">default</span>{</span><br><span class="line"> howl:<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>{</span><br><span class="line"> mini(<span class="number">1</span>) <span class="comment">// 1</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="export和export-default"><a href="#export和export-default" class="headerlink" title="export和export default"></a>export和export default</h2><ol>
<li><p>export与export default均可用于导出常量、函数、文件、模块等。</p>
</li>
<li><p>你可以在其它文件或模块中通过import + (常量 | 函数 | 文件 | 模块)名的方式，将其导入，以便能够对其进行使用。</p>
</li>
<li><p>在一个文件或模块中，export、import可以有多个，export default仅有一个。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> name1;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> name2;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="4">
<li>通过export方式导出，在导入时要加{}，export default则不需要。</li>
</ol>
<p>其实很多时候export与export default可以实现同样的目的，但使用export default命令，为模块指定默认输出，这样就不需要知道加载模块的变量名。</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">default</span> name</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> name <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'./a'</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>当用export default people导出时，就用 import people 导入（不带大括号）。</li>
<li>一个文件里，有且只能有一个export default。但可以有多个export。</li>
<li>当用export name 时，就用 import{name} 导入（记得带上大括号）。</li>
<li>当一个文件里，既有一个export default people, 又有多个export name 或者 - export age时，导入就用 import people,{name,age}。</li>
<li>当一个文件里出现n多个 export 导出很多模块，导入时除了一个一个导入，也可以用 import * as example。</li>
</ul>
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<p><span>本文标题:</span><a href="/es6export.html">export/export default/import的区别以及用法</a></p>
<p><span>文章作者:</span><a href="/" title="访问 陈宇（cosyer） 的个人博客">陈宇（cosyer）</a></p>
<p><span>发布时间:</span>2018年07月06日 - 14:07</p>
<p><span>最后更新:</span>2019年04月11日 - 22:04</p>
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