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<head>
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<title>State of GRASS GIS: The Dawn of a New Era</title>
<meta name="description" content="GRASS GIS state of the art slides for FOSS4G 2021">
<meta name="author" content="Vaclav Petras et al.">
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<!--
GRASS GIS is a well established, all-in-one geospatial number cruncher with Python interface, command line, and GUI. This talk will give an overview of new additions and highlight latest updates in version 7.8 and new major version 8.0. Major updates in 7.8 include Python 3 support, transition to PROJ 6+, easier batch processing, virtual raster mosaic, and improved data compression. Version 8.0 completely revamps the first-time user experience in GUI, streamlines how users interact with their data, and supports dark-themes. The development successfully runs on GitHub, several Docker images are available, and there is a growing number of Jupyter Notebooks.
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<section>
<h1>State of GRASS GIS:<br>The Dawn of a New Era</h1>
<p style="margin-top: 0.5em">
<a href="http://wenzeslaus.github.io/" style="font-weight: bold">
Vaclav (Vashek) Petras*
</a>
<br>
& Veronica Andreo, Martin Landa, Anna Petrasova, Guido Riembauer,
Maris Nartiss, Moritz Lennert, Markus Metz, Stefan Blumentrath,
Huidae Cho, Markus Neteler
</p>
<p class="title-foot">
*
<a href="http://geospatial.ncsu.edu/geoforall/" title="NCSU GeoForAll Lab">NCSU GeoForAll Lab</a>
at the
<a href="http://geospatial.ncsu.edu/" title="NCSU Center for Geospatial Analytics">Center for Geospatial Analytics</a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.ncsu.edu/" title="North Carolina State University">NC State University</a>
</p>
<img src="img/grass_gis.svg" class="stretch">
<p><small>FOSS4G 2021 Buenos Aires</small></p>
<p>
<a href="https://wenzeslaus.github.io/grass-gis-talks/foss4g2021.html">wenzeslaus.github.io/grass-gis-talks</a>
</section>
<section class="textimg">
<h2>Vaclav (Vashek) Petras</h2>
<ul>
<li>Geospatial Research Software Engineer at North Carolina State University
<li>BS & MS in Geoinformatics, Czech Technical University in Prague
<li>PhD in Geospatial Analytics, NC State
<li>GRASS GIS Development Team Member
<li>GRASS GIS Project Steering Committee Member
<li>Open Source Geospatial Foundation Charter Member
</ul>
<img src="img/vp_field_work.jpg">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Community</h2>
<ul>
<li>Open community of users and developers</li>
<li>Contributors to code, documentation, translations, …</li>
<li>Project Steering Committee</li>
<li>PSC Chair: Verónica Andreo <small>(since February 2021)</small></li>
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/psc_meeting_2021.png" class="stretch">
<p><em>Credit goes to the whole community, not just this talk's authors.</em></p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Support</h2>
<ul>
<li>Community support
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-user">user mailing list</a> <small>(with vast archives since 1991)</small>
<li><a href="https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/grass">GIS StackExchange</a> <small>(use increasing)</small>
<li><a href="https://github.com/OSGeo/grass/discussions">GitHub Discussions</a> <small>(since September 2021)</small></li>
</ul>
<li>Commercial support
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.mundialis.de/en/open-source-gis/">mundialis</a>
<li><a href="https://opengeolabs.cz/en/home/">OpenGeoLabs</a> (& GISMentors)
<li><a href="https://www.northrivergeographic.com/">North River Geographic Systems</a>
<li><a href="https://geospatial.ncsu.edu/engage/service-center/">Center for Geospatial Analytics, NC State University</a>
<li>…
</ul>
<small><em>Write to grass-dev or contact me privately if your name is not here!</em></small>
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/grass_gis.svg" alt="GRASS GIS logo" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>General Features</h2>
<ul>
<li>Free and open source, you can use, modify, improve, share</li>
<li>Large amount of tools: <b>500+</b> <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass80/manuals/full_index.html">core modules</a>, <b>300+</b> <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass78/manuals/addons/">addons</a></li>
<li>Graphical User Interface and Command Line Interface</li>
<li>Python API, C API, and libraries</li>
<li>Interface & connection with R, QGIS, WPS, …</li>
<li>Different data types supported:
<a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass-stable/manuals/vectorintro.html">vector</a>,
<a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass-stable/manuals/rasterintro.html">raster</a>
(including <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass-stable/manuals/imageryintro.html">satellite imagery</a>),
<a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass-stable/manuals/raster3dintro.html">3D raster (voxel)</a>,
and
<a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass-stable/manuals/temporalintro.html">space-time datasets (temporal data)</a>.</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/modeler_skyview.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Scientific Foundations</h2>
<ul>
<li>references to related scientific papers</li>
<li>references to papers associated with tools or libraries</li>
<li>usage visible in scientific literature</li>
<li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=gJ0ZB0cAAAAJ">GRASS GIS Google Scholar profile</a> <small>(experimental)</small></li>
<li><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5176030">DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5176030</a> <small>(experimental)</small></li>
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/module_references.png" class="stretch">
<br>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Innovation with Stability</h2>
Improvements bring need for changes, but breaking changes are introduced only when needed, for example:
<ul>
<li>Graphical user interface changes as needed.</li>
<li>Python API added in v6 taking the leading position from Bash, matured in v7, additions planned for 8.2.</li>
<li>Basic things continue to work in the same way, for example:</li>
</ul>
<p><em>Raster algebra expression from 2002 (v5) works in 2021 (v8):</em></p>
<p>
<code style="font-size: larger;">
depressions<em style="background-color: #f8404090;"> </em>=<em style="background-color: #f8404090;"> </em>
if(elevation - fill < 0, 1, 0)
</code>
</p>
<p>
<em>Only the best practice on how you write spaces around an equal sign changed.</em>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>All-in-one Software Suite</h2>
<ul>
<li>All matured tools available right away.
<li>Download of experimental tools possible.
<li>Network analysis, hydrology, OBIA, time series, …
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/hexagons_3d_white_outlier.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>GRASS GIS 8</h2>
<ul>
<li>Roadmap:
<ul>
<li>7.8.6 Fall 2021
<ul>
<li>Old but still good.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>8.0.0 Fall 2021
<ul>
<li>First release in the new era.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>8.0.1 Winter 2021
<ul>
<li>What did we miss?</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>8.2.0 Spring 2022
<ul>
<li>Enjoy the GSoC 2021 results!</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/splash_screen.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h1>New Era</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Improved First-time User Experience</h2>
Initial project sets up automatically and suggestions for next steps are provided.
<br>
<img src="img/first-time_user_world.png" class="stretch">
<p>
by Linda Kladivova &
rest of the community (many reviews, video calls, user surveys, …)
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>No Startup Screen</h2>
<img src="img/grass_startup_gone.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Single-Window GUI</h2>
<p>
Ongoing code refactoring to enable a single-window GUI with dockable widgets.
</p>
<img src="img/single_window_proposal.png" class="stretch">
<p>Opt-in preview coming in 8.2.</p>
<p>See talk <em>I hated the way GRASS started so I changed it.</em> <small>2021-09-30, 08:00</small></p>
<p>by Linda Kladivova</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Centralized Data Management</h2>
All data manipulation centered around revamped <em>Data</em> tab.
<br>
<img src="img/data_catalog_isolines.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Linda Kladivova, Anna Petrasova, Vaclav Petras
</section>
<section>
<h2>Dark Theme Support</h2>
Interface respects system dark theme.
<br>
<img src="img/dark_theme_v_clip.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Anna Petrasova, Nicklas Larsson
</section>
<section>
<h2>GitHub-centered Software Development</h2>
<ul>
<li>Git</li>
<li>PRs</li>
<li>Issues</li>
<li>GitHub Actions</li>
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/octocat.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Improved and Robust Code Quality Checks</h2>
<ul>
<li>Python code formatted by Black.</li>
<li>Python code checked against Flake8.</li>
<li>Most of warnings in C code removed and now checked.</li>
<li>Code tested with CodeQL.</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/code_in_vscodium.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Nicklas Larsson, Vaclav Petras, Anna Petrasova, Carmen Tawalika, ...
</section>
<section>
<h2>Docker Containers</h2>
<br>
<ul>
<li>Different flavours <small>(add or suggest more!)</small></li>
<li>Built and updated automatically</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/grass_docker.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>actinia</h2>
<ul>
<li>REST API</li>
<li>3rd party project, open source</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/mundialis/actinia_core">github.com/mundialis/actinia_core</a></li>
</ul>
<img src="img/actinia_logo.svg" class="stretch">
<p>See talk <em>News from actinia</em> <small>(2021-09-30, 09:30)</small></p>
<small>by Markus Neteler, Carmen Tawalika, Anika Weinmann, …</small>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Improved HPC Readiness</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ncsu-geoforall-lab/grass-gis-on-hpc-henry2">Recipes for High Performance Computing setups</a></li>
<li>Better integration with conda environments</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/skyview.png" class="stretch">
<small>by Vaclav Petras, Markus Neteler, Nicklas Larsson, …</small>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Grassy the Hungry Cow</h2>
<pre style="font-size: 100%;">
-----------------------------------
| I'm always hungry for more GRASS! |
-----------------------------------
\ ^__^
\ (oo)\_______
(__)\ )\/\
||----w |
_\|/__\|/__\|/_ || || _\|/__\|/_
</pre>
<p>
<small>Thanks to <em>cowsay</em>.</small>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h1>More Improvements</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Lidar Data Import with PDAL</h2>
<ul>
<li>binning using any point dimension <small>(including user defined ones, e.g., from PDAL filters)</small></li>
<li>point filtering by values in any dimension</li>
<li>support of 19 binning methods <small>(including eigenvalues)</small></li>
</ul>
<img src="img/elevation.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Vaclav Petras and Maris Nartiss</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Latest PROJ and GDAL</h2>
<ul>
<li>Support for PROJ >=6 added.</li>
<li>Support for GDAL >=3 added.</li>
<li>WKT2 can be used for CRS definitions.</li>
<li>High-accuracy coordinate transformations supported.</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/natural_europe.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Markus Metz</p>
<aside class="notes">
GRASS is currently supporting the latest versions of PROJ and GDAL.
All the fancy new high-accuracy coordinate transformation methods are supported.
The WKT2 can be used to define a CRS and is printed as CRS info by g.proj.
Some new PROJ 8 functionality is not yet supported.
For example, automated download of datum transformation grids is yet missing.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Skeletons and Centerlines</h2>
<em>v.voronoi</em> tool can now create area skeletons and centerlines.
<img src="img/lake_skeleton_naip.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Markus Metz
</section>
<section>
<h2>Semantic Labels for Rasters</h2>
<ul>
<li>add a <em>semantic label</em> to any raster map <small>(e.g., <code>S2_1</code> or <code>red</code>)</small></li>
<li>image classification use sematic labels to identify bands</li>
<li>new <em>portable signature files</em> created as a result of training use it to identify bands</li>
<li>different scenes can then be classified if semantic labels are the same</li>
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/i_superpixels_slic_ndvi.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Maris Nartiss and Martin Landa</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Faster External Data Links</h2>
<em>r.external</em> links (opens) external raster data (GeoTiffs, …) faster.
<br>
<small>(2-5× faster, or almost no time for some workflows)</small>
<br>
<img src="img/r_external_us.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Markus Metz</p>
<p>Great for workflows when only portion of the data is processed in GRASS GIS.</p>
</section>
<section>
<h1>More to Come in 8.2</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>OpenMP parallelization</h2>
<p>
r.series, r.univar, r.neighbors, r.patch, r.resamp.interp, r.resamp.filter, r.mfilter, r.slope.aspect + benchmarking library
</p>
<img src="img/openmp_graph.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Aaron Saw Min Sern (Google Summer of Code 2021)</p>
<aside class="notes">
<ul>
<li>Parallelization of multiple, often used raster modules, with benchmarks.</li>
<li>Especially useful for big data processing</li>
<li>Can work on all platforms, providing GRASS is compiled with OpenMP</li>
</ul>
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Integration with Jupyter Notebooks</h2>
<p>
New Python library that simplifies the launch of GRASS GIS in Jupyter and the display of vector & raster data.
</p>
<img src="img/jupyter_interactive.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Caitlin Haedrich (Google Summer of Code 2021)</p>
<aside class="notes">
<ul>
<li>Simpler GRASS GIS initialization</li>
<li>More intuitive API for rendering</li>
<li>Classic rendering with d.* commands, rendering with webmap and zooming, also 3D rendering</li>
<li>Available now as experimental, coming in 8.2 officially</li>
</ul>
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Spatial Query of Projections</h2>
Select a CRS spatially on a map.
<br>
<img src="img/proj_picker.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Huidae Cho and Owen Smith</p>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Much More by Broader Community</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Valley Bottom Flatness Index</h2>
<p><em>r.valley.bottom</em> - Multi-resolution Valley Bottom Flatness (MrVBF)</p>
<img src="img/r_valley_bottom_3d.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Helmut Kudrnovsky, Steven Pawley
</section>
<section>
<h2>Hydrologic Parameters Using a Flow Direction Raster</h2>
<em>r.accumulate</em> - weighted flow accumulation, subwatersheds, stream networks, and longest flow paths using a flow direction
<br>
<img src="img/subwatersheds.png" class="stretch">
<p>
<small>
See
<em>Physically-Based Hydrologic Modeling Using GRASS GIS</em>
<small>
(FOSS4G 2021 workshop,
<a href="https://github.com/HuidaeCho/foss4g-2021-r.topmodel-workshop">material</a>)
</small>
</small>
</p>
<p>by Huidae Cho</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Weighted layers for dasymetric mapping</h2>
<p><em>r.area.createweight</em> - Weighting layer for dasymetric mapping using a random forest regression model.</p>
<img src="img/r_area_createweight.png" class="stretch">
<p>
See talk <em>A tool for machine learning based dasymetric mapping approaches in GRASS GIS</em>. <small>(2021-09-30, 08:00)</small>
</p>
<p>by Charlotte Flasse, Tais Grippa, Safa Fennia</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Sentinel, THREDDS, …, netCDF</h2>
<p>
Automated download and import of common datasets
<small>
i.sentinel, i.modis, i.landsat, r.in.usgs, r.in.nasadem, m.crawl.thredds, t.rast.import.netcdf, …
</small>
</p>
<img src="img/usgs_ned_naip_3d.png" class="stretch">
<p>
<small>
See talks
<em>Sentinel processing in GRASS GIS: A growing toolset for downloading, preprocessing and multitemporal analysis of Copernicus Sentinel data</em> <small>(2021-10-01, 08:00)</small>
and
<em>Cold war reconnaissance imagery reloaded: orthorectifying the 1960s in high resolution</em> <small>(2021-09-29, 11:00)</small>
</small>
</p>
<p>
<small>
by
Fondazione Edmund Mach,
OpenGeoLabs,
mundialis
GSoC,
NC State University,
CONICET,
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research,
<!--
Luca Delucchi (Fondazione Edmund Mach),
Martin Landa (OpenGeoLabs),
Anika Weinmann (mundialis),
Guido Riembauer (mundialis),
Roberta Fagandini (GSoC),
Zechariah Krautwurst (GSoC),
Anna Petrasova (NC State University),
Vaclav Petras (NC State University),
Veronica Andreo (CONICET),
Stefan Blumentrath (Norwegian Institute for Nature Research - NINA)
-->
…
</small>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>FUTURES</h2>
<p><em>r.futures</em> - set of tools for urban growth modeling</p>
<img src="img/FUTURES_Raleigh.png" class="stretch">
<p>by NC State Center for Geospatial Analytics</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>PoPS</h2>
<p><em>r.pops.spread</em> - Pest or Pathogen Spread simulation</p>
<img src="img/pops_version_1.png" class="stretch">
<p>by NC State Center for Geospatial Analytics
</section>
<section>
<h2>Tangible Landscape</h2>
<p>Geospatial tangible user interface</p>
<img src="img/cli_tangible.png" class="stretch">
<p>by NC State Center for Geospatial Analytics</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Resources</h2>
<ul>
<li>
Documentation:
<ul>
<li><a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/learn/">Learn center</a></li>
<li>See <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass-stable/manuals/graphical_index.html">full list of core tools</a>
<li>See <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass-stable/manuals/addons">tools in Addons repository</a>
</ul>
<li>
Tutorials <small>(my three favorites)</small>:
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://github.com/petrasovaa/grass-gis-workshop-FOSS4G-2021">From Beginner to Power User <small>with Jupyter (FOSS4G 2021)</small></a>
<li>
<a href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Processing_lidar_and_UAV_point_clouds_in_GRASS_GIS_(workshop_at_FOSS4G_Boston_2017)">Processing lidar and UAV point clouds</a>
<li>
<a href="http://ncsu-geoforall-lab.github.io/grass-temporal-workshop/">
Spatio-temporal data handling and visualization</a>
</ul>
<li>
Books:
<ul>
<li>Open Source GIS: A GRASS GIS Approach <small>(the classic)</small>
<li>Tangible Modeling with Open Source GIS <small>(use-case-based with additional flavors)</small>
<li>Open Source Approaches to Spatial Data Handling <small>(broader context)</small>
</ul>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Get involved!</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Code contributions</h2>
<p>
GRASS GIS development is GitHub-centered:
<br>
core, addons, website
</p>
<ul>
<li>
To create your own tools, see this tutorial for a guideline:
<em><a href="https://github.com/wenzeslaus/python-grass-addon">How to write a Python GRASS addon</a></em>.
</li>
<li>To get involved, join a community sprint.</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/octocat.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Other contributions are relevant too!</h2>
<ul>
<li>Translation: Use <a href="https://www.transifex.com/grass-gis/">Transifex.</a></li>
<li>Documentation: Fix typos in manual pages, add examples, write <a href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS-Wiki">wiki</a> tutorials, …</li>
<li>Post material to GRASS social media.
<li>Write a blog post for GRASS website.</li>
<li>Bring your own ideas!</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/bonn_osgeo_code_sprint_2018_fotowall.jpg" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Sponsoring</h2>
<ul>
<li>Money and employee time donations are very important for GRASS GIS development. You can:</li>
<ul>
<li>organize or finance community sprints</li>
<li>contribute to infrastucture needs <small>(e.g., website)</small></li>
<li>pay developers <small>to implement new features and fix specific bugs</small></li>
</ul>
<li>New: <a href="https://opencollective.com/grass">opencollective.com/grass</a></p></li>
</ul>
<img src="img/osgeo_codesprint_2018.jpg" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Community Sprint</h2>
<p>
Meet the GRASS team at the <a href="https://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/FOSS4G_2021/Community_sprint">FOSS4G 2021 Community Sprint</a>!
<br>
Saturday, October 2nd, 2021
</p>
<img src="img/bonn_osgeo_code_sprint_2018.jpg" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<img src="img/grass_gis.svg" alt="GRASS GIS logo" class="stretch">
<p>
<a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/">grass.osgeo.org</a>
<p>
<a href="https://twitter.com/vaclavpetras/"><small>Twitter:</small> vaclavpetras</a>
<br>
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/vaclav-petras-a24a1b114/"><small>LinkedIn:</small> Vaclav Petras</a>
</p>
<p>
<a href="https://wenzeslaus.github.io/grass-gis-talks/foss4g2021.html">wenzeslaus.github.io/grass-gis-talks</a>
</section>
</div>
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