functions.go

package functions

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"math"
	"regexp"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/dgraph-io/ristretto"

	"github.com/cube2222/octosql/octosql"
	"github.com/cube2222/octosql/physical"
)

func FunctionMap() map[string]physical.FunctionDetails {
	return map[string]physical.FunctionDetails{
		// Comparisons
		"<": {
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					TypeFn: func(types []octosql.Type) (octosql.Type, bool) {
						if len(types) != 2 {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						if !types[0].Equals(types[1]) {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						return octosql.Boolean, true
					},
					Strict: true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewBoolean(values[0].Compare(values[1]) < 0), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"<=": {
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					TypeFn: func(types []octosql.Type) (octosql.Type, bool) {
						if len(types) != 2 {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						if !types[0].Equals(types[1]) {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						return octosql.Boolean, true
					},
					Strict: true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewBoolean(values[0].Compare(values[1]) <= 0), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"=": {
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				// TODO: Specializations for concrete primitive types.
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Any, octosql.Any},
					OutputType:    octosql.Boolean,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewBoolean(values[0].Equal(values[1])), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"!=": {
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				// TODO: Specializations for concrete primitive types.
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Any, octosql.Any},
					OutputType:    octosql.Boolean,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewBoolean(!values[0].Equal(values[1])), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		">=": {
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					TypeFn: func(types []octosql.Type) (octosql.Type, bool) {
						if len(types) != 2 {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						if !types[0].Equals(types[1]) {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						return octosql.Boolean, true
					},
					Strict: true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewBoolean(values[0].Compare(values[1]) >= 0), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		">": {
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					TypeFn: func(types []octosql.Type) (octosql.Type, bool) {
						if len(types) != 2 {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						if !types[0].Equals(types[1]) {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						return octosql.Boolean, true
					},
					Strict: true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewBoolean(values[0].Compare(values[1]) > 0), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"is null": {
			Description: "Returns true only if the argument is null.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Any},
					OutputType:    octosql.Boolean,
					Strict:        false,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						if values[0].TypeID == octosql.TypeIDNull {
							return octosql.NewBoolean(true), nil
						}
						return octosql.NewBoolean(false), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"is not null": {
			Description: "Returns true only if the argument is not null.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Any},
					OutputType:    octosql.Boolean,
					Strict:        false,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						if values[0].TypeID == octosql.TypeIDNull {
							return octosql.NewBoolean(false), nil
						}
						return octosql.NewBoolean(true), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		// arithmetic operators
		"+": {
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Int, octosql.Int},
					OutputType:    octosql.Int,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewInt(values[0].Int + values[1].Int), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Float, octosql.Float},
					OutputType:    octosql.Float,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewFloat(values[0].Float + values[1].Float), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Duration, octosql.Duration},
					OutputType:    octosql.Duration,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewDuration(values[0].Duration + values[1].Duration), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Time, octosql.Duration},
					OutputType:    octosql.Time,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewTime(values[0].Time.Add(values[1].Duration)), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Duration, octosql.Time},
					OutputType:    octosql.Time,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewTime(values[1].Time.Add(values[0].Duration)), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.String, octosql.String},
					OutputType:    octosql.String,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewString(values[0].Str + values[1].Str), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"-": {
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Int, octosql.Int},
					OutputType:    octosql.Int,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewInt(values[0].Int - values[1].Int), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Int},
					OutputType:    octosql.Int,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewInt(-values[0].Int), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Float, octosql.Float},
					OutputType:    octosql.Float,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewFloat(values[0].Float - values[1].Float), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Float},
					OutputType:    octosql.Float,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewFloat(-values[0].Float), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Duration, octosql.Duration},
					OutputType:    octosql.Duration,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewDuration(values[0].Duration - values[1].Duration), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Duration},
					OutputType:    octosql.Duration,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewDuration(-values[0].Duration), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Time, octosql.Duration},
					OutputType:    octosql.Time,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewTime(values[0].Time.Add(-values[1].Duration)), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"*": {
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Int, octosql.Int},
					OutputType:    octosql.Int,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewInt(values[0].Int * values[1].Int), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Float, octosql.Float},
					OutputType:    octosql.Float,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewFloat(values[0].Float * values[1].Float), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Duration, octosql.Int},
					OutputType:    octosql.Duration,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewDuration(values[0].Duration * time.Duration(values[1].Int)), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Int, octosql.Duration},
					OutputType:    octosql.Duration,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewDuration(values[1].Duration * time.Duration(values[0].Int)), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.String, octosql.Int},
					OutputType:    octosql.String,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewString(strings.Repeat(values[0].Str, values[1].Int)), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Int, octosql.String},
					OutputType:    octosql.String,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewString(strings.Repeat(values[1].Str, values[0].Int)), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"/": {
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Int, octosql.Int},
					OutputType:    octosql.Int,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewInt(values[0].Int / values[1].Int), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Float, octosql.Float},
					OutputType:    octosql.Float,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewFloat(values[0].Float / values[1].Float), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Duration, octosql.Int},
					OutputType:    octosql.Duration,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewDuration(values[0].Duration / time.Duration(values[1].Int)), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Duration, octosql.Duration},
					OutputType:    octosql.Float,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewFloat(float64(values[0].Duration) / float64(values[1].Duration)), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		// math
		"abs": {
			Description: "Returns absolute value of argument.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Int},
					OutputType:    octosql.Int,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						if values[0].Int > 0 {
							return values[0], nil
						}
						return octosql.NewInt(values[0].Int * -1), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Float},
					OutputType:    octosql.Float,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewFloat(math.Abs(values[0].Float)), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"sqrt": {
			Description: "Returns square root of argument.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Float},
					OutputType:    octosql.Float,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewFloat(math.Sqrt(values[0].Float)), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"ceil": {
			Description: "Returns ceiling of argument.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Float},
					OutputType:    octosql.Float,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewFloat(math.Ceil(values[0].Float)), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"floor": {
			Description: "Returns floor of argument.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Float},
					OutputType:    octosql.Float,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewFloat(math.Floor(values[0].Float)), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"log2": {
			Description: "Returns the logarithm base 2 of the argument.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Float},
					OutputType:    octosql.Float,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewFloat(math.Log2(values[0].Float)), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"log": {
			Description: "Returns the natural logarithm of the argument.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Float},
					OutputType:    octosql.Float,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewFloat(math.Log(values[0].Float)), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"log10": {
			Description: "Returns the logarithm base 10 of the argument.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Float},
					OutputType:    octosql.Float,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewFloat(math.Log10(values[0].Float)), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"pow": {
			Description: "Returns the first argument to the power of the second.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Float, octosql.Float},
					OutputType:    octosql.Float,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewFloat(math.Pow(values[0].Float, values[1].Float)), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		// logic
		"not": {
			Description: "Returns the negation of the argument.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Boolean},
					OutputType:    octosql.Boolean,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewBoolean(!values[0].Boolean), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		// strings
		"like": {
			Description: "Implements the LIKE operator. Returns whether the first argument matches the pattern in the seconds one. '_' can be used to match a single arbitrary character and '%' can be used to match any number (including 0) of characters.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.String, octosql.String},
					OutputType:    octosql.Boolean,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func() func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						regexpCache, err := ristretto.NewCache(&ristretto.Config{
							NumCounters: 128,     // number of keys to track frequency of (10M).
							MaxCost:     1 << 26, // maximum cost of cache (64MB).
							BufferItems: 64,      // number of keys per Get buffer.
						})
						if err != nil {
							panic(fmt.Errorf("couldn't initialize regexp cache: %w", err))
						}

						return func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
							const likeEscape = '\\'
							const likeAny = '_'
							const likeAll = '%'

							needsEscaping := func(r rune) bool {
								return r == '+' ||
									r == '?' ||
									r == '(' ||
									r == ')' ||
									r == '{' ||
									r == '}' ||
									r == '[' ||
									r == ']' ||
									r == '^' ||
									r == '$' ||
									r == '.'
							}

							// we assume that the escape character is '\'
							likePatternToRegexp := func(pattern string) (*regexp.Regexp, error) {
								if out, ok := regexpCache.Get(pattern); ok {
									return out.(*regexp.Regexp), nil
								}

								var sb strings.Builder
								sb.WriteRune('^') // match start

								escaping := false // was the character previously seen an escaping \

								for _, r := range pattern {
									if escaping { // escaping \, _ and % is legal (we just write . or .*), otherwise an error occurs
										if r != likeAny && r != likeAll && r != likeEscape {
											return nil, fmt.Errorf("escaping invalid character in LIKE pattern: %v", r)
										}

										escaping = false
										sb.WriteRune(r)

										if r == likeEscape {
											// since _ and % don't need to be escaped in regexp we just replace \_ with _
											// but \ needs to be replaced in both, so we need to write an additional \
											sb.WriteRune(likeEscape)
										}
									} else {
										if r == likeEscape { // if we find an escape sequence we just handle it in the next step
											escaping = true
										} else if r == likeAny { // _ transforms to . (any character)
											sb.WriteRune('.')
										} else if r == likeAll { // % transforms to .* (any string)
											sb.WriteString(".*")
										} else if needsEscaping(r) { // escape characters that might break the regexp
											sb.WriteRune('\\')
											sb.WriteRune(r)
										} else { // just write everything else
											sb.WriteRune(r)
										}
									}
								}

								sb.WriteRune('$') // match end

								if escaping {
									return nil, fmt.Errorf("pattern ends with an escape character that doesn't escape anything")
								}

								reg, err := regexp.Compile(sb.String())
								if err != nil {
									return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't compile LIKE pattern regexp expression: '%s' => '%s': %w", values[1].Str, sb.String(), err)
								}

								regexpCache.Set(pattern, reg, 1)

								return reg, nil
							}

							reg, err := likePatternToRegexp(values[1].Str)
							if err != nil {
								return octosql.Value{}, fmt.Errorf("couldn't transform LIKE pattern to regexp: %w", err)
							}

							return octosql.NewBoolean(reg.MatchString(values[0].Str)), nil
						}
					}(),
				},
			},
		},
		"~": {
			Description: "Implements the ~ operator. Returns whether the first argument matches the regex pattern in the second one.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.String, octosql.String},
					OutputType:    octosql.Boolean,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func() func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						regexpCache, err := ristretto.NewCache(&ristretto.Config{
							NumCounters: 128,     // number of keys to track frequency of (10M).
							MaxCost:     1 << 26, // maximum cost of cache (64MB).
							BufferItems: 64,      // number of keys per Get buffer.
						})
						if err != nil {
							panic(fmt.Errorf("couldn't initialize regexp cache: %w", err))
						}

						return func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
							pattern := values[1].Str

							var reg *regexp.Regexp
							if cached, ok := regexpCache.Get(pattern); ok {
								reg = cached.(*regexp.Regexp)
							} else {
								compiled, err := regexp.Compile(pattern)
								if err != nil {
									return octosql.Value{}, fmt.Errorf("couldn't compile ~ pattern regexp expression: '%s': %w", pattern, err)
								}
								reg = compiled

								regexpCache.Set(pattern, compiled, 1)
							}

							return octosql.NewBoolean(reg.MatchString(values[0].Str)), nil
						}
					}(),
				},
			},
		},
		"~*": {
			Description: "Implements the ~* operator. Returns whether the first argument matches the regex pattern in the second one. Case insensitive.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.String, octosql.String},
					OutputType:    octosql.Boolean,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func() func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						regexpCache, err := ristretto.NewCache(&ristretto.Config{
							NumCounters: 128,     // number of keys to track frequency of (10M).
							MaxCost:     1 << 26, // maximum cost of cache (64MB).
							BufferItems: 64,      // number of keys per Get buffer.
						})
						if err != nil {
							panic(fmt.Errorf("couldn't initialize regexp cache: %w", err))
						}

						return func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
							pattern := strings.ToLower(values[1].Str)

							var reg *regexp.Regexp
							if cached, ok := regexpCache.Get(pattern); ok {
								reg = cached.(*regexp.Regexp)
							} else {
								compiled, err := regexp.Compile(pattern)
								if err != nil {
									return octosql.Value{}, fmt.Errorf("couldn't compile ~ pattern regexp expression: '%s': %w", pattern, err)
								}
								reg = compiled

								regexpCache.Set(pattern, compiled, 1)
							}

							return octosql.NewBoolean(reg.MatchString(strings.ToLower(values[0].Str))), nil
						}
					}(),
				},
			},
		},
		// TODO: Regexp Match with capture of first group.
		"upper": {
			Description: "Returns the argument upper cased.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.String},
					OutputType:    octosql.String,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewString(strings.ToUpper(values[0].Str)), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"lower": {
			Description: "Returns the argument lower cased.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.String},
					OutputType:    octosql.String,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewString(strings.ToLower(values[0].Str)), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"reverse": {
			Description: "Returns the argument reversed.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.String},
					OutputType:    octosql.String,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						out := make([]rune, len(values[0].Str))
						for i, ch := range values[0].Str {
							out[len(out)-i-1] = ch
						}
						return octosql.NewString(string(out)), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"substr": {
			Description: "Returns a substring of the first argument beginning at the index provided in the second argument and optionally limiting the length using the third argument.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.String, octosql.Int},
					OutputType:    octosql.String,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						if len(values[0].Str) <= values[1].Int {
							return octosql.NewString(""), nil
						}
						return octosql.NewString(values[0].Str[values[1].Int:]), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.String, octosql.Int, octosql.Int},
					OutputType:    octosql.String,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						if len(values[0].Str) <= values[1].Int {
							return octosql.NewString(""), nil
						}
						end := values[1].Int + values[2].Int
						if end > len(values[0].Str) {
							end = len(values[0].Str)
						}
						return octosql.NewString(values[0].Str[values[1].Int:end]), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"replace": {
			Description: "Replaces all occurrences of the second argument in the first argument by the third argument.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.String, octosql.String, octosql.String},
					OutputType:    octosql.String,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewString(strings.Replace(values[0].Str, values[1].Str, values[2].Str, -1)), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"position": {
			Description: "Finds the first occurrence of the second argument in the first argument.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.String, octosql.String},
					OutputType:    octosql.TypeSum(octosql.Int, octosql.Null),
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						i := strings.Index(values[0].Str, values[1].Str)
						if i == -1 {
							return octosql.NewNull(), nil
						}
						return octosql.NewInt(i), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"len": {
			Description: "Returns the length of the collection: string, list, object or tuple.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.String},
					OutputType:    octosql.Int,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewInt(len(values[0].Str)), nil
					},
				},
				{
					TypeFn: func(types []octosql.Type) (octosql.Type, bool) {
						if len(types) != 1 {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						if types[0].TypeID != octosql.TypeIDList {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						return octosql.Int, true
					},
					Strict: true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewInt(len(values[0].List)), nil
					},
				},
				{
					TypeFn: func(types []octosql.Type) (octosql.Type, bool) {
						if len(types) != 1 {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						if types[0].TypeID != octosql.TypeIDStruct {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						return octosql.Int, true
					},
					Strict: true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewInt(len(values[0].Struct)), nil
					},
				},
				{
					TypeFn: func(types []octosql.Type) (octosql.Type, bool) {
						if len(types) != 1 {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						if types[0].TypeID != octosql.TypeIDTuple {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						return octosql.Int, true
					},
					Strict: true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewInt(len(values[0].Tuple)), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		// time
		"now": {
			Description: "Returns the current time.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{},
					OutputType:    octosql.Time,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewTime(time.Now()), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"parse_time": {
			Description: "Parses the time in the second argument using the pattern in the first argument. The pattern should be specified as in the Go standard library time.Parse function: https://pkg.go.dev/time#pkg-constants",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.String, octosql.String},
					OutputType:    octosql.TypeSum(octosql.Time, octosql.Null),
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						t, err := time.Parse(values[0].Str, values[1].Str)
						if err != nil {
							log.Printf("error parsing time: %s", err)
							return octosql.NewNull(), nil
						}
						return octosql.NewTime(t), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"time_from_unix": {
			Description: "Parses the unix timestamp as a time.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Int},
					OutputType:    octosql.Time,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewTime(time.Unix(int64(values[0].Int), 0)), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Float},
					OutputType:    octosql.Time,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						i, f := math.Modf(values[0].Float)
						return octosql.NewTime(time.Unix(int64(i), int64(float64(time.Second)*f))), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"time_to_unix": {
			Description: "Converts time to unix timestamp.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Time},
					OutputType:    octosql.Int,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewInt(int(values[0].Time.Unix())), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		// Conversions
		"int": {
			Description: "Converts the argument to an int.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					// This case will catch any types which may be int at the start of non-exact matching.
					// So the int function can be used as a type cast.
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Int},
					OutputType:    octosql.Int,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return values[0], nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Boolean},
					OutputType:    octosql.Int,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						if values[0].Boolean {
							return octosql.NewInt(1), nil
						} else {
							return octosql.NewInt(0), nil
						}
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Float},
					OutputType:    octosql.Int,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewInt(int(values[0].Float)), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.String},
					OutputType:    octosql.Int,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						n, err := strconv.Atoi(values[0].Str)
						if err != nil {
							log.Printf("couldn't parse string '%s' as int: %s", values[0].Str, err)
							return octosql.NewNull(), nil
						}
						return octosql.NewInt(n), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Duration},
					OutputType:    octosql.Int,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewInt(int(values[0].Duration)), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"float": {
			Description: "Converts the argument to an float.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					// This case will catch any types which may be float at the start of non-exact matching.
					// So the int function can be used as a type cast.
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Float},
					OutputType:    octosql.Float,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return values[0], nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Int},
					OutputType:    octosql.Float,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewFloat(float64(values[0].Int)), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.String},
					OutputType:    octosql.Float,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						n, err := strconv.ParseFloat(values[0].Str, 64)
						if err != nil {
							log.Printf("couldn't parse string '%s' as float: %s", values[0].Str, err)
							return octosql.NewNull(), nil
						}
						return octosql.NewFloat(n), nil
					},
				},
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Duration},
					OutputType:    octosql.Float,
					Strict:        true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewFloat(float64(values[0].Duration)), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"string": {
			Description: "Converts the argument to a string.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Any},
					OutputType:    octosql.String,
					Strict:        false,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.NewString(values[0].String()), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		// Array Functions
		"[]": {
			Description: "Implements the indexing operator: list[index]",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					TypeFn: func(ts []octosql.Type) (octosql.Type, bool) {
						if len(ts) != 2 {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						if ts[0].TypeID != octosql.TypeIDList {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						if ts[1].TypeID != octosql.TypeIDInt {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						outType := octosql.Null
						if elType := ts[0].List.Element; elType != nil {
							outType = octosql.TypeSum(outType, *elType)
						}
						return outType, true
					},
					Strict: true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						if values[1].Int >= len(values[0].List) {
							return octosql.NewNull(), nil
						}
						return values[0].List[values[1].Int], nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"in": {
			Description: "",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					TypeFn: func(ts []octosql.Type) (octosql.Type, bool) {
						if len(ts) != 2 {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						if ts[1].TypeID != octosql.TypeIDList {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						return octosql.Boolean, true
					},
					Strict: true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						for i := range values[1].List {
							if values[0].Equal(values[1].List[i]) {
								return octosql.NewBoolean(true), nil
							}
						}
						return octosql.NewBoolean(false), nil
					},
				},
				{
					TypeFn: func(ts []octosql.Type) (octosql.Type, bool) {
						if len(ts) != 2 {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						if ts[1].TypeID != octosql.TypeIDTuple {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						return octosql.Boolean, true
					},
					Strict: true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						for i := range values[1].Tuple {
							if values[0].Equal(values[1].Tuple[i]) {
								return octosql.NewBoolean(true), nil
							}
						}
						return octosql.NewBoolean(false), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"not in": {
			Description: "",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					TypeFn: func(ts []octosql.Type) (octosql.Type, bool) {
						if len(ts) != 2 {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						if ts[1].TypeID != octosql.TypeIDList {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						return octosql.Boolean, true
					},
					Strict: true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						for i := range values[1].List {
							if values[0].Equal(values[1].List[i]) {
								return octosql.NewBoolean(false), nil
							}
						}
						return octosql.NewBoolean(true), nil
					},
				},
				{
					TypeFn: func(ts []octosql.Type) (octosql.Type, bool) {
						if len(ts) != 2 {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						if ts[1].TypeID != octosql.TypeIDTuple {
							return octosql.Type{}, false
						}
						return octosql.Boolean, true
					},
					Strict: true,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						for i := range values[1].Tuple {
							if values[0].Equal(values[1].Tuple[i]) {
								return octosql.NewBoolean(false), nil
							}
						}
						return octosql.NewBoolean(true), nil
					},
				},
			},
		},
		// Utility functions
		"panic": {
			Description: "Fails the execution of OctoSQL and prints the argument.",
			Descriptors: []physical.FunctionDescriptor{
				{
					ArgumentTypes: []octosql.Type{octosql.Any},
					OutputType:    octosql.Any,
					Strict:        false,
					Function: func(values []octosql.Value) (octosql.Value, error) {
						return octosql.ZeroValue, fmt.Errorf("panic: %s", values[0].String())
					},
				},
			},
		},
	}
}