AKA the VAE paper.
I think it's actually better to understand this by coding up a VAE, not necessarily reading the paper. See my Generative Models repository:
https://github.com/DanielTakeshi/Generative-Models
(Blog post on my website coming soon...)
Also see:
- http://kvfrans.com/variational-autoencoders-explained/
- http://blog.evjang.com/2016/11/tutorial-categorical-variational.html
- http://cs231n.stanford.edu/slides/2017/cs231n_2017_lecture13.pdf (Stanford CS 231n)
- Carl Doersch's excellent tutorial.