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FAQ_RECOMMENDATIONS.md

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Matrix Recommendations

This document lists the author's recommendations for which matrix to use depending on source / destination items.

Note that these are recommendations ONLY. If you want to do something custom, feel free. If you think I'm wrong, find me on the socials and have a chat. I'm very willing to change my mind if there's enough documentation about, or new measurements show up.

General consensus is: "Japan SD/ED era = D93, Everything else D65" and pick matrix specs roughly in line with that era, territory and technology.

But also, you know... https://xkcd.com/927/

This is all very pedantic, and many of these settings will only have very slight impacts on final images. If you're a technology history buff, you'll probably care a lot. If you just want to play/watch old things, you might not care so much.

Source Matrix

  • Simulate Japanese PVM

    • Source Matrix: Raney Sony PVM-20M2U
    • Source White Point: D93
    • Source EOTF: gamma 2.25

  • Japanese Hi-Vision / MUSE

    • Japanese VHS, DVD
    • Source Matrix: NTSC-J ARIB
    • Source White Point: NTSC-J ARIB spec (near D93)
    • Source EOTF: BT.601 spec (non-linear, near gamma 2.2)

  • Japanese authored TV-console games, SD (Standard Definition - 240p/480i modes)

    • MSX
    • Nintendo 8bit, 16bit, N64, GameCube, Wii
    • Sega 8bit, 16bit, Saturn, Dreamcast (not VGA out)
    • Sony PlayStation 1, 2
    • Microsoft Xbox
    • Source Matrix: NTSC-J ARIB
    • Source White Point: NTSC-J ARIB spec (near D93)
    • Source EOTF: BT.601 spec (non-linear, near gamma 2.2)

  • Japanese authored TV-console games, ED (Standard Definition - 480p modes)

    • Nintendo GameCube, Wii
    • Sony PlayStation 2
    • Microsoft Xbox
    • Source Matrix: NTSC-J ARIB
    • Source White Point: NTSC-J ARIB spec (near D93)
    • Source EOTF: BT.1886 spec (non-linear, near gamma 2.4)

  • Japanese authored PC/VGA games (640x480/800x600/1024x768/1280x1024/etc)

    • IBM PC, PC-88, PC-98, Sharp X68000
    • Sega Dreamcast in VGA out mode
    • Source Matrix: sRGB
    • Source White Point: D93
    • Source EOTF: sRGB spec (non-linear, near 2.2)

  • Japanese authored console games, HD (High Definition - 720p/1080i/1080p modes)

    • Microsoft Xbox, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Xbox Series
    • Sony PlayStation 2, 3, 4, 5
    • Source Matrix: NTSC-J ARIB for analogue systems, BT.709 for digital/HDMI systems
    • Source White Point: NTSC-J ARIB spec (near D93) for analogue systems, BT.709 spec (near D65) for digital/HDMI systems
    • Source EOTF: BT.1886 (non-linear, near gamma 2.4)

  • Very old North American stuff

    • 80s VHS / Betamax / LaserDisc
    • Atari VCS / 2600 / 5200 / 7800
    • Simulate very old North American CRT TVs
    • Source Matrix: SMPTE C
    • Source White Point: SMPTE C spec (near D65)
    • Source EOTF: gamma 2.2

  • North American authored console games, SD (Standard Definition, 240p/480i modes)

    • Nintendo 8bit, 16bit
    • Sega 8bit, 16bit, Saturn, Dreamcast (not VGA out)
    • Sony PlayStation 1, 2
    • Microsoft Xbox
    • Source Matrix: BT.601-525
    • Source White Point: BT.601 spec (near D65)
    • Source EOTF: BT.601 spec (non-linear, near 2.2)

  • European and Australian authored console games, SD (Standard Definition, 288p/576i modes)

    • ZX Spectrum
    • Amstrad GX4000
    • MSX
    • Nintendo 8bit, 16bit, N64, GameCube, Wii
    • Sega 8bit, 16bit, Saturn, Dreamcast (not VGA out)
    • Sony PlayStation 1, 2
    • Microsoft Xbox
    • Source Matrix: BT.601-625
    • Source White Point: BT.601 spec (near D65)
    • Source EOTF: BT.601 spec (non-linear, near 2.2)

  • 1970s / 1980s SECAM Television

    • Source Matrix: BT.470-6
    • Source White Point: CIE Illuminant C
    • Source EOTF: gamma 2.8

  • 1990s SECAM Television

    • Source Matrix: BT.601-625
    • Source White Point: BT.601 spec (near D65)
    • Source EOTF: gamma 2.8

  • Old Apple stuff

    • Apple Macintosh family, pre-iMac
    • Source Matrix: AppleRGB
    • Source White Point: D65
    • Source EOTF: gamma 1.8

  • Non-Japanese authored PC/VGA games (640x480/800x600/1024x768/1280x1024/etc)

    • IBM PC and PC compatible clones, Apple iMac / Power Mac / Mac Pro
    • Sega Dreamcast in VGA out mode
    • Source Matrix: sRGB
    • Source White Point: D65
    • Source EOTF: sRGB spec (non-linear, near 2.2)

  • Non-Japanese authored TV-console games, ED (Enhanced Definition - 480p/576p modes)

    • Nintendo GameCube, Wii
    • Sony PlayStation 2
    • Microsoft Xbox
    • Notes: Strange time, no common standard. BT.601/BT.709 variable depending on individual game.
    • Source Matrix: BT.601-525 for NTSC, BT.601-625 for PAL. Optionally BT.709 for any.
    • Source White Point: BT.601/BT.709 spec (near D65).
    • Source EOTF: BT.601 spec (non-linear, near gamma 2.2). Optionally BT.1886 (non-linear, near gamma 2.4)

  • Non-Japanese authored console games, HD (High Definition - 720p/1080i/1080p modes)

    • Microsoft Xbox, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Xbox Series
    • Sony PlayStation 2, 3, 4, 5
    • Source Matrix: BT.709
    • Source White Point: BT.709 spec (near D65)
    • Source EOTF: BT.1886 (non-linear, near gamma 2.4)

  • Brazilian authored console games, SD (Standard Definition)

    • Nintendo 8bit, 16bit, Gamecube, Wii (480i mode)
    • Sega 8bit, 16bit
    • Source Matrix: PAL-M/BT.470-6
    • Source White Point: CIE Illuminant C
    • Source EOTF: Gamma 2.8

Destination Matrix (values recommended for highest compatibility with current market devices)

  • VGA/SVGA PC CRT, LCD/OLED PC Monitor, SDR

    • Destination Matrix: sRGB
    • Destination White Point: sRGB spec (near D65)
    • Destination EOTF: sRGB spec (non-linear, near 2.2)
    • Full range RGB, 8bit

  • LCD/OLED/Plasma Television, HD, SDR

    • Destination Matrix: BT.709
    • Destination White Point: BT.709 spec (near D65)
    • Destination EOTF: BT.1886 (choose first mode if HD source, choose second "CRT approximation mode" if SD source).
    • Limited range RGB, 8bit

  • LCD/OLED Television, UHD ("4K"), SDR

    • Destination Matrix: BT.2020
    • Destination White Point: BT.2020 spec (near D65)
    • Destination EOTF: BT.1886 (choose first mode if HD source, choose second "CRT approximation mode" if SD source).
    • Narrow range RGB, 10bit

  • LCD/OLED Television, UHD ("4K"), HDR

    • Destination Matrix: BT.2020
    • Destination White Point: BT.2020 spec (near D65)
    • Destination EOTF: SMPTE ST 2084 / PQ
    • Narrow range RGB, 10bit