[CT-3308] adjust dbt build to run in dag order -> unit tests, model materialization, data tests

[graciegoheen]

Housekeeping

• I am a maintainer of dbt-core

Short description

From #8651 and #8606

As per the above, move the unit testing functionality to the 'test' command and ensure that the build command runs unit tests.

Acceptance criteria

when dbt build is executed with unit tests, we will process the models according to their lineage / dependencies - executing the relevant tests in the following order:

• unit tests on a model are run
• model is materialized
• data tests on a model are run

This is key for saving unnecessary warehouse spend, because we actually won’t materialize the model in the warehouse unless the unit tests pass successfully.

unit tests and data tests are types of tests that can be selected using --select test_type:unit or --select test_type:data for dbt build (same with --exclude)

Impact to Other Teams

none

Will backports be required?

No

Context

Follow up work to add exclusion capabilities once this issue is complete -> #8651

[graciegoheen]

Outcome of flag spike:

• unit tests and data tests are types of tests that can be selected using --select test_type:unit or --select test_type:data for dbt build (and dbt test)

We can include adding these new test types to the --select and --exclude flags to this ticket or a new one.