feat(rule,check): add new apis to run a rule synchronously

[straker]

Note: the files were mostly copied from the asynchronous versions and modified to be run in a synchronous way. A few tests were deleted that no longer applied to a synchronous version.

Linked issue: #1550

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[jeeyyy]

Have not looked at tests yet. But left some quick inline comments. Will have a thorough look after the changes are made.

Resolved

[WilcoFiers]

Couple of small points.

[paulirish]

Prepare for running in non-browser environments by allowing a rule to run synchronously.

Just curious, but why not run the rules with their async hops in these environments?

Also, non-browser environments that have DOM nodes?? :) Is this specifically about JSDOM compat?

[stephenmathieson]

@paulirish there's a new product we're hacking on that has these requirements. Stay tuned :)

Resolved