mapping.Rmd

---
title: "Mapping IGOs"
author: Diego Hernangómez
description: >
  Integrating IGOs on mapping projects.
bibliography: refs_igo.bib
link-citations: yes
output: rmarkdown::html_vignette
vignette: >
  %\VignetteIndexEntry{Mapping IGOs}
  %\VignetteEngine{knitr::rmarkdown}
  %\VignetteEncoding{UTF-8}
---

<!-- mapping.Rmd is generated from mapping.Rmd.orig. Please edit that file -->



Maps are a powerful tool to show data. As the scope of **igoR** are the
Intergovernmental Organizations, mapping and IGOs are a perfect match.

This vignette provides some geospatial visualizations using the IGO data sets
[@pevehouse2020] included in this package. Specific packages used for geospatial
data:

-   **giscoR** for extracting the shapefiles of the countries.
-   **ggplot2** for plotting.

Also **countrycode** is a very handy package for translating between coding
schemes (CoW, ISO3, NUTS, FIPS) and country names.


```r
library(igoR)

# Helper packages
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(countrycode)

# Geospatial packages
library(giscoR)
library(sf)
```

## Evolution of the composition of UN

The following maps shows the evolution of countries that are members of the
United Nations. First we should extract the data:


```r
# Extract shapes
world <- gisco_get_countries()

# Extract three dates - some errors given that ISO doesnt have every COW Code
un_all <- igo_members("UN", c(1950, 1980, 2010), status = "Full Membership") %>%
  # Add ISO3 Code
  mutate(ISO3_CODE = countrycode(ccode, "cown", "iso3c", warn = FALSE)) %>%
  select(year, orgname, ISO3_CODE, category)

# Auxiliar data.frame to collect every ISO3-year pairs

base_df <- expand.grid(
  ISO3_CODE = unique(world$ISO3_CODE),
  year = unique(un_all$year),
  stringsAsFactors = FALSE
) %>%
  as_tibble()

# Merge everything with the spatial object
un_all_sf <- world %>%
  # Expand to all cases
  left_join(base_df, by = "ISO3_CODE") %>%
  # Add info
  left_join(un_all, by = c("ISO3_CODE", "year"))
```

Note that the map is not completely accurate, as the base shapefile contains the
countries that exists on 2016. Some countries, as Czechoslovakia, East or West
Germany are not included.

Now we are ready to plot with **ggplot2**:


```r
ggplot(un_all_sf) +
  geom_sf(aes(fill = category), color = NA, show.legend = FALSE) +
  # Robinson
  coord_sf(crs = "ESRI:54030") +
  facet_wrap(~year, ncol = 1, strip.position = "left") +
  scale_fill_manual(
    values = c("Full Membership" = "#74A9CF"),
    na.value = "#E0E0E0",
  ) +
  labs(
    title = "UN Members", caption = gisco_attributions(),
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(plot.caption = element_text(face = "italic", hjust = 0.15))
```

<div class="figure">
<img src="./UNMaps-1.png" alt="UN Members" width="100%" />
<p class="caption">UN Members</p>
</div>

## Number of shared memberships

Shared memberships are useful for identifying regional patterns. The following
code produces a map showing the number of full memberships shared with Australia
for each country on the world:


```r
## Number of igos shared - 2014
# Countries alive in 2014
states2014 <- states2016 %>%
  filter(styear <= 2014 & endyear >= 2014)

# Shared memberships with Australia
shared <- igo_dyadic("AUL", as.character(states2014$statenme),
  year = 2014
) %>%
  rowwise() %>%
  mutate(shared = sum(c_across(aaaid:wassen) == 1)) %>%
  mutate(ISO3_CODE = countrycode(ccode2, "cown", "iso3c",
    warn = FALSE
  )) %>%
  select(ISO3_CODE, shared)


# Merge with map
sharedmap <- world %>%
  left_join(shared, by = "ISO3_CODE") %>%
  select(ISO3_CODE, shared)

# Plot with custom palette
pal <- hcl.colors(10, palette = "Lajolla")

# Plot
ggplot(sharedmap) +
  geom_sf(aes(fill = shared), color = NA) +
  # Australia
  geom_sf(
    data = sharedmap %>% filter(ISO3_CODE == "AUS"),
    fill = "black", color = NA,
  ) +
  # Robinson
  coord_sf(crs = "ESRI:54030") +
  scale_fill_gradientn(colours = pal, n.breaks = 10) +
  guides(fill = guide_legend(nrow = 1)) +
  labs(
    title = "Shared Full Memberships with Australia (2014)",
    fill = "Number of IGOs shared",
    caption = gisco_attributions()
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(
    plot.title = element_text(face = "bold", hjust = 0.5),
    plot.caption = element_text(face = "italic", size = 7, hjust = 0.15),
    legend.title = element_text(size = 7),
    legend.text = element_text(size = 8),
    legend.position = "bottom",
    legend.direction = "horizontal",
    legend.title.position = "top",
    legend.text.position = "bottom",
    legend.key.width = unit(1.5, "lines"),
    legend.key.height = unit(0.5, "lines")
  )
```

<div class="figure">
<img src="./AustShared-1.png" alt="Shared Full Memberships with Australia (2014)" width="100%" />
<p class="caption">Shared Full Memberships with Australia (2014)</p>
</div>

## Cross-shared memberships

The following map shows how the relationships between the countries of North
America has flourished on the last 90 years, using a year as representative of
each decade.


```r
# Select years
years <- seq(1930, 2010, 10)

# Shared memberships
cntries <- c("USA", "CAN", "MEX")
all <- igo_dyadic(cntries, cntries, years) %>%
  rowwise() %>%
  mutate(value = sum(c_across(aaaid:wassen) == 1)) %>%
  mutate(ISO3_CODE = countrycode(ccode1, "cown", "iso3c")) %>%
  select(ISO3_CODE, year, value)

# Create map
# Get shapes
countries_sf <- gisco_get_countries(country = c("USA", "MEX", "CAN")) %>%
  left_join(all, by = "ISO3_CODE")

# Map
ggplot(countries_sf) +
  geom_sf(aes(fill = value), color = NA) +
  coord_sf(crs = 2163, xlim = c(-3200000, 3333018)) +
  facet_wrap(~year, ncol = 3) +
  scale_fill_gradientn(
    colors = hcl.colors(10, "YlGn", rev = TRUE),
    breaks = seq(0, 100, 5)
  ) +
  guides(fill = guide_legend(reverse = TRUE)) +
  labs(
    title = "Shared Full Memberships on North America",
    subtitle = "(1930-2010)", fill = "Shared IGOs",
    caption = gisco_attributions()
  ) +
  theme_void() +
  theme(
    plot.title = element_text(face = "bold"),
    plot.subtitle = element_text(margin = margin(t = 3, b = 10)),
    plot.caption = element_text(face = "italic"),
    legend.box.margin = margin(l = 20),
    legend.title = element_text(size = 8),
    legend.key.height = unit(1.5, "lines"),
    legend.key.width = unit(1, "lines"),
    strip.background = element_rect(fill = "grey90", colour = NA)
  )
```

<div class="figure">
<img src="./NAShared-1.png" alt="Shared Full Memberships on North America (1930 - 2010)" width="100%" />
<p class="caption">Shared Full Memberships on North America (1930 - 2010)</p>
</div>

## References