constraints.py

from enum import Enum

from django.core.exceptions import FieldError, ValidationError
from django.db import connections
from django.db.models.expressions import Exists, ExpressionList, F
from django.db.models.indexes import IndexExpression
from django.db.models.lookups import Exact
from django.db.models.query_utils import Q
from django.db.models.sql.query import Query
from django.db.utils import DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _

__all__ = ["BaseConstraint", "CheckConstraint", "Deferrable", "UniqueConstraint"]


class BaseConstraint:
    default_violation_error_message = _("Constraint “%(name)s” is violated.")
    violation_error_message = None

    def __init__(self, name, violation_error_message=None):
        self.name = name
        if violation_error_message is not None:
            self.violation_error_message = violation_error_message
        else:
            self.violation_error_message = self.default_violation_error_message

    @property
    def contains_expressions(self):
        return False

    def constraint_sql(self, model, schema_editor):
        raise NotImplementedError("This method must be implemented by a subclass.")

    def create_sql(self, model, schema_editor):
        raise NotImplementedError("This method must be implemented by a subclass.")

    def remove_sql(self, model, schema_editor):
        raise NotImplementedError("This method must be implemented by a subclass.")

    def validate(self, model, instance, exclude=None, using=DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS):
        raise NotImplementedError("This method must be implemented by a subclass.")

    def get_violation_error_message(self):
        return self.violation_error_message % {"name": self.name}

    def deconstruct(self):
        path = "%s.%s" % (self.__class__.__module__, self.__class__.__name__)
        path = path.replace("django.db.models.constraints", "django.db.models")
        kwargs = {"name": self.name}
        if (
            self.violation_error_message is not None
            and self.violation_error_message != self.default_violation_error_message
        ):
            kwargs["violation_error_message"] = self.violation_error_message
        return (path, (), kwargs)

    def clone(self):
        _, args, kwargs = self.deconstruct()
        return self.__class__(*args, **kwargs)


class CheckConstraint(BaseConstraint):
    def __init__(self, *, check, name, violation_error_message=None):
        self.check = check
        if not getattr(check, "conditional", False):
            raise TypeError(
                "CheckConstraint.check must be a Q instance or boolean expression."
            )
        super().__init__(name, violation_error_message=violation_error_message)

    def _get_check_sql(self, model, schema_editor):
        query = Query(model=model, alias_cols=False)
        where = query.build_where(self.check)
        compiler = query.get_compiler(connection=schema_editor.connection)
        sql, params = where.as_sql(compiler, schema_editor.connection)
        return sql % tuple(schema_editor.quote_value(p) for p in params)

    def constraint_sql(self, model, schema_editor):
        check = self._get_check_sql(model, schema_editor)
        return schema_editor._check_sql(self.name, check)

    def create_sql(self, model, schema_editor):
        check = self._get_check_sql(model, schema_editor)
        return schema_editor._create_check_sql(model, self.name, check)

    def remove_sql(self, model, schema_editor):
        return schema_editor._delete_check_sql(model, self.name)

    def validate(self, model, instance, exclude=None, using=DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS):
        against = instance._get_field_value_map(meta=model._meta, exclude=exclude)
        try:
            if not Q(self.check).check(against, using=using):
                raise ValidationError(self.get_violation_error_message())
        except FieldError:
            pass

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<%s: check=%s name=%s>" % (
            self.__class__.__qualname__,
            self.check,
            repr(self.name),
        )

    def __eq__(self, other):
        if isinstance(other, CheckConstraint):
            return (
                self.name == other.name
                and self.check == other.check
                and self.violation_error_message == other.violation_error_message
            )
        return super().__eq__(other)

    def deconstruct(self):
        path, args, kwargs = super().deconstruct()
        kwargs["check"] = self.check
        return path, args, kwargs


class Deferrable(Enum):
    DEFERRED = "deferred"
    IMMEDIATE = "immediate"

    # A similar format was proposed for Python 3.10.
    def __repr__(self):
        return f"{self.__class__.__qualname__}.{self._name_}"


class UniqueConstraint(BaseConstraint):
    def __init__(
        self,
        *expressions,
        fields=(),
        name=None,
        condition=None,
        deferrable=None,
        include=None,
        opclasses=(),
        violation_error_message=None,
    ):
        if not name:
            raise ValueError("A unique constraint must be named.")
        if not expressions and not fields:
            raise ValueError(
                "At least one field or expression is required to define a "
                "unique constraint."
            )
        if expressions and fields:
            raise ValueError(
                "UniqueConstraint.fields and expressions are mutually exclusive."
            )
        if not isinstance(condition, (type(None), Q)):
            raise ValueError("UniqueConstraint.condition must be a Q instance.")
        if condition and deferrable:
            raise ValueError("UniqueConstraint with conditions cannot be deferred.")
        if include and deferrable:
            raise ValueError("UniqueConstraint with include fields cannot be deferred.")
        if opclasses and deferrable:
            raise ValueError("UniqueConstraint with opclasses cannot be deferred.")
        if expressions and deferrable:
            raise ValueError("UniqueConstraint with expressions cannot be deferred.")
        if expressions and opclasses:
            raise ValueError(
                "UniqueConstraint.opclasses cannot be used with expressions. "
                "Use django.contrib.postgres.indexes.OpClass() instead."
            )
        if not isinstance(deferrable, (type(None), Deferrable)):
            raise ValueError(
                "UniqueConstraint.deferrable must be a Deferrable instance."
            )
        if not isinstance(include, (type(None), list, tuple)):
            raise ValueError("UniqueConstraint.include must be a list or tuple.")
        if not isinstance(opclasses, (list, tuple)):
            raise ValueError("UniqueConstraint.opclasses must be a list or tuple.")
        if opclasses and len(fields) != len(opclasses):
            raise ValueError(
                "UniqueConstraint.fields and UniqueConstraint.opclasses must "
                "have the same number of elements."
            )
        self.fields = tuple(fields)
        self.condition = condition
        self.deferrable = deferrable
        self.include = tuple(include) if include else ()
        self.opclasses = opclasses
        self.expressions = tuple(
            F(expression) if isinstance(expression, str) else expression
            for expression in expressions
        )
        super().__init__(name, violation_error_message=violation_error_message)

    @property
    def contains_expressions(self):
        return bool(self.expressions)

    def _get_condition_sql(self, model, schema_editor):
        if self.condition is None:
            return None
        query = Query(model=model, alias_cols=False)
        where = query.build_where(self.condition)
        compiler = query.get_compiler(connection=schema_editor.connection)
        sql, params = where.as_sql(compiler, schema_editor.connection)
        return sql % tuple(schema_editor.quote_value(p) for p in params)

    def _get_index_expressions(self, model, schema_editor):
        if not self.expressions:
            return None
        index_expressions = []
        for expression in self.expressions:
            index_expression = IndexExpression(expression)
            index_expression.set_wrapper_classes(schema_editor.connection)
            index_expressions.append(index_expression)
        return ExpressionList(*index_expressions).resolve_expression(
            Query(model, alias_cols=False),
        )

    def constraint_sql(self, model, schema_editor):
        fields = [model._meta.get_field(field_name) for field_name in self.fields]
        include = [
            model._meta.get_field(field_name).column for field_name in self.include
        ]
        condition = self._get_condition_sql(model, schema_editor)
        expressions = self._get_index_expressions(model, schema_editor)
        return schema_editor._unique_sql(
            model,
            fields,
            self.name,
            condition=condition,
            deferrable=self.deferrable,
            include=include,
            opclasses=self.opclasses,
            expressions=expressions,
        )

    def create_sql(self, model, schema_editor):
        fields = [model._meta.get_field(field_name) for field_name in self.fields]
        include = [
            model._meta.get_field(field_name).column for field_name in self.include
        ]
        condition = self._get_condition_sql(model, schema_editor)
        expressions = self._get_index_expressions(model, schema_editor)
        return schema_editor._create_unique_sql(
            model,
            fields,
            self.name,
            condition=condition,
            deferrable=self.deferrable,
            include=include,
            opclasses=self.opclasses,
            expressions=expressions,
        )

    def remove_sql(self, model, schema_editor):
        condition = self._get_condition_sql(model, schema_editor)
        include = [
            model._meta.get_field(field_name).column for field_name in self.include
        ]
        expressions = self._get_index_expressions(model, schema_editor)
        return schema_editor._delete_unique_sql(
            model,
            self.name,
            condition=condition,
            deferrable=self.deferrable,
            include=include,
            opclasses=self.opclasses,
            expressions=expressions,
        )

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<%s:%s%s%s%s%s%s%s>" % (
            self.__class__.__qualname__,
            "" if not self.fields else " fields=%s" % repr(self.fields),
            "" if not self.expressions else " expressions=%s" % repr(self.expressions),
            " name=%s" % repr(self.name),
            "" if self.condition is None else " condition=%s" % self.condition,
            "" if self.deferrable is None else " deferrable=%r" % self.deferrable,
            "" if not self.include else " include=%s" % repr(self.include),
            "" if not self.opclasses else " opclasses=%s" % repr(self.opclasses),
        )

    def __eq__(self, other):
        if isinstance(other, UniqueConstraint):
            return (
                self.name == other.name
                and self.fields == other.fields
                and self.condition == other.condition
                and self.deferrable == other.deferrable
                and self.include == other.include
                and self.opclasses == other.opclasses
                and self.expressions == other.expressions
                and self.violation_error_message == other.violation_error_message
            )
        return super().__eq__(other)

    def deconstruct(self):
        path, args, kwargs = super().deconstruct()
        if self.fields:
            kwargs["fields"] = self.fields
        if self.condition:
            kwargs["condition"] = self.condition
        if self.deferrable:
            kwargs["deferrable"] = self.deferrable
        if self.include:
            kwargs["include"] = self.include
        if self.opclasses:
            kwargs["opclasses"] = self.opclasses
        return path, self.expressions, kwargs

    def validate(self, model, instance, exclude=None, using=DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS):
        queryset = model._default_manager.using(using)
        if self.fields:
            lookup_kwargs = {}
            for field_name in self.fields:
                if exclude and field_name in exclude:
                    return
                field = model._meta.get_field(field_name)
                lookup_value = getattr(instance, field.attname)
                if lookup_value is None or (
                    lookup_value == ""
                    and connections[using].features.interprets_empty_strings_as_nulls
                ):
                    # A composite constraint containing NULL value cannot cause
                    # a violation since NULL != NULL in SQL.
                    return
                lookup_kwargs[field.name] = lookup_value
            queryset = queryset.filter(**lookup_kwargs)
        else:
            # Ignore constraints with excluded fields.
            if exclude:
                for expression in self.expressions:
                    if hasattr(expression, "flatten"):
                        for expr in expression.flatten():
                            if isinstance(expr, F) and expr.name in exclude:
                                return
                    elif isinstance(expression, F) and expression.name in exclude:
                        return
            replacements = {
                F(field): value
                for field, value in instance._get_field_value_map(
                    meta=model._meta, exclude=exclude
                ).items()
            }
            expressions = [
                Exact(expr, expr.replace_expressions(replacements))
                for expr in self.expressions
            ]
            queryset = queryset.filter(*expressions)
        model_class_pk = instance._get_pk_val(model._meta)
        if not instance._state.adding and model_class_pk is not None:
            queryset = queryset.exclude(pk=model_class_pk)
        if not self.condition:
            if queryset.exists():
                if self.expressions:
                    raise ValidationError(self.get_violation_error_message())
                # When fields are defined, use the unique_error_message() for
                # backward compatibility.
                for model, constraints in instance.get_constraints():
                    for constraint in constraints:
                        if constraint is self:
                            raise ValidationError(
                                instance.unique_error_message(model, self.fields)
                            )
        else:
            against = instance._get_field_value_map(meta=model._meta, exclude=exclude)
            try:
                if (self.condition & Exists(queryset.filter(self.condition))).check(
                    against, using=using
                ):
                    raise ValidationError(self.get_violation_error_message())
            except FieldError:
                pass