transaction.py

from functools import wraps

from django.db import (
    connections, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS,
    DatabaseError, ProgrammingError)
from django.utils.decorators import available_attrs


class TransactionManagementError(ProgrammingError):
    """
    This exception is thrown when transaction management is used improperly.
    """
    pass


def get_connection(using=None):
    """
    Get a database connection by name, or the default database connection
    if no name is provided. This is a private API.
    """
    if using is None:
        using = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
    return connections[using]


def get_autocommit(using=None):
    """
    Get the autocommit status of the connection.
    """
    return get_connection(using).get_autocommit()


def set_autocommit(autocommit, using=None):
    """
    Set the autocommit status of the connection.
    """
    return get_connection(using).set_autocommit(autocommit)


def commit(using=None):
    """
    Commits a transaction.
    """
    get_connection(using).commit()


def rollback(using=None):
    """
    Rolls back a transaction.
    """
    get_connection(using).rollback()


def savepoint(using=None):
    """
    Creates a savepoint (if supported and required by the backend) inside the
    current transaction. Returns an identifier for the savepoint that will be
    used for the subsequent rollback or commit.
    """
    return get_connection(using).savepoint()


def savepoint_rollback(sid, using=None):
    """
    Rolls back the most recent savepoint (if one exists). Does nothing if
    savepoints are not supported.
    """
    get_connection(using).savepoint_rollback(sid)


def savepoint_commit(sid, using=None):
    """
    Commits the most recent savepoint (if one exists). Does nothing if
    savepoints are not supported.
    """
    get_connection(using).savepoint_commit(sid)


def clean_savepoints(using=None):
    """
    Resets the counter used to generate unique savepoint ids in this thread.
    """
    get_connection(using).clean_savepoints()


def get_rollback(using=None):
    """
    Gets the "needs rollback" flag -- for *advanced use* only.
    """
    return get_connection(using).get_rollback()


def set_rollback(rollback, using=None):
    """
    Sets or unsets the "needs rollback" flag -- for *advanced use* only.

    When `rollback` is `True`, it triggers a rollback when exiting the
    innermost enclosing atomic block that has `savepoint=True` (that's the
    default). Use this to force a rollback without raising an exception.

    When `rollback` is `False`, it prevents such a rollback. Use this only
    after rolling back to a known-good state! Otherwise, you break the atomic
    block and data corruption may occur.
    """
    return get_connection(using).set_rollback(rollback)


#################################
# Decorators / context managers #
#################################

class Atomic(object):
    """
    This class guarantees the atomic execution of a given block.

    An instance can be used either as a decorator or as a context manager.

    When it's used as a decorator, __call__ wraps the execution of the
    decorated function in the instance itself, used as a context manager.

    When it's used as a context manager, __enter__ creates a transaction or a
    savepoint, depending on whether a transaction is already in progress, and
    __exit__ commits the transaction or releases the savepoint on normal exit,
    and rolls back the transaction or to the savepoint on exceptions.

    It's possible to disable the creation of savepoints if the goal is to
    ensure that some code runs within a transaction without creating overhead.

    A stack of savepoints identifiers is maintained as an attribute of the
    connection. None denotes the absence of a savepoint.

    This allows reentrancy even if the same AtomicWrapper is reused. For
    example, it's possible to define `oa = @atomic('other')` and use `@oa` or
    `with oa:` multiple times.

    Since database connections are thread-local, this is thread-safe.

    This is a private API.
    """

    def __init__(self, using, savepoint):
        self.using = using
        self.savepoint = savepoint

    def __enter__(self):
        connection = get_connection(self.using)

        if not connection.in_atomic_block:
            # Reset state when entering an outermost atomic block.
            connection.commit_on_exit = True
            connection.needs_rollback = False
            if not connection.get_autocommit():
                # Some database adapters (namely sqlite3) don't handle
                # transactions and savepoints properly when autocommit is off.
                # Turning autocommit back on isn't an option; it would trigger
                # a premature commit. Give up if that happens.
                if connection.features.autocommits_when_autocommit_is_off:
                    raise TransactionManagementError(
                        "Your database backend doesn't behave properly when "
                        "autocommit is off. Turn it on before using 'atomic'.")
                # When entering an atomic block with autocommit turned off,
                # Django should only use savepoints and shouldn't commit.
                # This requires at least a savepoint for the outermost block.
                if not self.savepoint:
                    raise TransactionManagementError(
                        "The outermost 'atomic' block cannot use "
                        "savepoint = False when autocommit is off.")
                # Pretend we're already in an atomic block to bypass the code
                # that disables autocommit to enter a transaction, and make a
                # note to deal with this case in __exit__.
                connection.in_atomic_block = True
                connection.commit_on_exit = False

        if connection.in_atomic_block:
            # We're already in a transaction; create a savepoint, unless we
            # were told not to or we're already waiting for a rollback. The
            # second condition avoids creating useless savepoints and prevents
            # overwriting needs_rollback until the rollback is performed.
            if self.savepoint and not connection.needs_rollback:
                sid = connection.savepoint()
                connection.savepoint_ids.append(sid)
            else:
                connection.savepoint_ids.append(None)
        else:
            # We aren't in a transaction yet; create one.
            # The usual way to start a transaction is to turn autocommit off.
            # However, some database adapters (namely sqlite3) don't handle
            # transactions and savepoints properly when autocommit is off.
            # In such cases, start an explicit transaction instead, which has
            # the side-effect of disabling autocommit.
            if connection.features.autocommits_when_autocommit_is_off:
                connection._start_transaction_under_autocommit()
                connection.autocommit = False
            else:
                connection.set_autocommit(False)
            connection.in_atomic_block = True

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
        connection = get_connection(self.using)

        if connection.savepoint_ids:
            sid = connection.savepoint_ids.pop()
        else:
            # Prematurely unset this flag to allow using commit or rollback.
            connection.in_atomic_block = False

        try:
            if exc_type is None and not connection.needs_rollback:
                if connection.in_atomic_block:
                    # Release savepoint if there is one
                    if sid is not None:
                        try:
                            connection.savepoint_commit(sid)
                        except DatabaseError:
                            connection.savepoint_rollback(sid)
                            raise
                else:
                    # Commit transaction
                    try:
                        connection.commit()
                    except DatabaseError:
                        connection.rollback()
                        raise
            else:
                # This flag will be set to True again if there isn't a savepoint
                # allowing to perform the rollback at this level.
                connection.needs_rollback = False
                if connection.in_atomic_block:
                    # Roll back to savepoint if there is one, mark for rollback
                    # otherwise.
                    if sid is None:
                        connection.needs_rollback = True
                    else:
                        connection.savepoint_rollback(sid)
                else:
                    # Roll back transaction
                    connection.rollback()

        finally:
            # Outermost block exit when autocommit was enabled.
            if not connection.in_atomic_block:
                if connection.features.autocommits_when_autocommit_is_off:
                    connection.autocommit = True
                else:
                    connection.set_autocommit(True)
            # Outermost block exit when autocommit was disabled.
            elif not connection.savepoint_ids and not connection.commit_on_exit:
                connection.in_atomic_block = False

    def __call__(self, func):
        @wraps(func, assigned=available_attrs(func))
        def inner(*args, **kwargs):
            with self:
                return func(*args, **kwargs)
        return inner


def atomic(using=None, savepoint=True):
    # Bare decorator: @atomic -- although the first argument is called
    # `using`, it's actually the function being decorated.
    if callable(using):
        return Atomic(DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, savepoint)(using)
    # Decorator: @atomic(...) or context manager: with atomic(...): ...
    else:
        return Atomic(using, savepoint)


def _non_atomic_requests(view, using):
    try:
        view._non_atomic_requests.add(using)
    except AttributeError:
        view._non_atomic_requests = set([using])
    return view


def non_atomic_requests(using=None):
    if callable(using):
        return _non_atomic_requests(using, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS)
    else:
        if using is None:
            using = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
        return lambda view: _non_atomic_requests(view, using)