widgets.py

"""
HTML Widget classes
"""

try:
    set
except NameError:
    from sets import Set as set   # Python 2.3 fallback

import copy
from itertools import chain
from django.conf import settings
from django.utils.datastructures import MultiValueDict, MergeDict
from django.utils.html import escape, conditional_escape
from django.utils.translation import ugettext
from django.utils.encoding import StrAndUnicode, force_unicode
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
from django.utils import datetime_safe
from datetime import time
from util import flatatt
from urlparse import urljoin

__all__ = (
    'Media', 'MediaDefiningClass', 'Widget', 'TextInput', 'PasswordInput',
    'HiddenInput', 'MultipleHiddenInput',
    'FileInput', 'DateTimeInput', 'TimeInput', 'Textarea', 'CheckboxInput',
    'Select', 'NullBooleanSelect', 'SelectMultiple', 'RadioSelect',
    'CheckboxSelectMultiple', 'MultiWidget',
    'SplitDateTimeWidget',
)

MEDIA_TYPES = ('css','js')

class Media(StrAndUnicode):
    def __init__(self, media=None, **kwargs):
        if media:
            media_attrs = media.__dict__
        else:
            media_attrs = kwargs

        self._css = {}
        self._js = []

        for name in MEDIA_TYPES:
            getattr(self, 'add_' + name)(media_attrs.get(name, None))

        # Any leftover attributes must be invalid.
        # if media_attrs != {}:
        #     raise TypeError, "'class Media' has invalid attribute(s): %s" % ','.join(media_attrs.keys())

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.render()

    def render(self):
        return mark_safe(u'\n'.join(chain(*[getattr(self, 'render_' + name)() for name in MEDIA_TYPES])))

    def render_js(self):
        return [u'<script type="text/javascript" src="%s"></script>' % self.absolute_path(path) for path in self._js]

    def render_css(self):
        # To keep rendering order consistent, we can't just iterate over items().
        # We need to sort the keys, and iterate over the sorted list.
        media = self._css.keys()
        media.sort()
        return chain(*[
            [u'<link href="%s" type="text/css" media="%s" rel="stylesheet" />' % (self.absolute_path(path), medium)
                    for path in self._css[medium]]
                for medium in media])

    def absolute_path(self, path):
        if path.startswith(u'http://') or path.startswith(u'https://') or path.startswith(u'/'):
            return path
        return urljoin(settings.MEDIA_URL,path)

    def __getitem__(self, name):
        "Returns a Media object that only contains media of the given type"
        if name in MEDIA_TYPES:
            return Media(**{name: getattr(self, '_' + name)})
        raise KeyError('Unknown media type "%s"' % name)

    def add_js(self, data):
        if data:
            self._js.extend([path for path in data if path not in self._js])

    def add_css(self, data):
        if data:
            for medium, paths in data.items():
                self._css.setdefault(medium, []).extend([path for path in paths if path not in self._css[medium]])

    def __add__(self, other):
        combined = Media()
        for name in MEDIA_TYPES:
            getattr(combined, 'add_' + name)(getattr(self, '_' + name, None))
            getattr(combined, 'add_' + name)(getattr(other, '_' + name, None))
        return combined

def media_property(cls):
    def _media(self):
        # Get the media property of the superclass, if it exists
        if hasattr(super(cls, self), 'media'):
            base = super(cls, self).media
        else:
            base = Media()

        # Get the media definition for this class
        definition = getattr(cls, 'Media', None)
        if definition:
            extend = getattr(definition, 'extend', True)
            if extend:
                if extend == True:
                    m = base
                else:
                    m = Media()
                    for medium in extend:
                        m = m + base[medium]
                return m + Media(definition)
            else:
                return Media(definition)
        else:
            return base
    return property(_media)

class MediaDefiningClass(type):
    "Metaclass for classes that can have media definitions"
    def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
        new_class = super(MediaDefiningClass, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases,
                                                           attrs)
        if 'media' not in attrs:
            new_class.media = media_property(new_class)
        return new_class

class Widget(object):
    __metaclass__ = MediaDefiningClass
    is_hidden = False          # Determines whether this corresponds to an <input type="hidden">.
    needs_multipart_form = False # Determines does this widget need multipart-encrypted form

    def __init__(self, attrs=None):
        if attrs is not None:
            self.attrs = attrs.copy()
        else:
            self.attrs = {}

    def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
        obj = copy.copy(self)
        obj.attrs = self.attrs.copy()
        memo[id(self)] = obj
        return obj

    def render(self, name, value, attrs=None):
        """
        Returns this Widget rendered as HTML, as a Unicode string.

        The 'value' given is not guaranteed to be valid input, so subclass
        implementations should program defensively.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

    def build_attrs(self, extra_attrs=None, **kwargs):
        "Helper function for building an attribute dictionary."
        attrs = dict(self.attrs, **kwargs)
        if extra_attrs:
            attrs.update(extra_attrs)
        return attrs

    def value_from_datadict(self, data, files, name):
        """
        Given a dictionary of data and this widget's name, returns the value
        of this widget. Returns None if it's not provided.
        """
        return data.get(name, None)

    def _has_changed(self, initial, data):
        """
        Return True if data differs from initial.
        """
        # For purposes of seeing whether something has changed, None is
        # the same as an empty string, if the data or inital value we get
        # is None, replace it w/ u''.
        if data is None:
            data_value = u''
        else:
            data_value = data
        if initial is None:
            initial_value = u''
        else:
            initial_value = initial
        if force_unicode(initial_value) != force_unicode(data_value):
            return True
        return False

    def id_for_label(self, id_):
        """
        Returns the HTML ID attribute of this Widget for use by a <label>,
        given the ID of the field. Returns None if no ID is available.

        This hook is necessary because some widgets have multiple HTML
        elements and, thus, multiple IDs. In that case, this method should
        return an ID value that corresponds to the first ID in the widget's
        tags.
        """
        return id_
    id_for_label = classmethod(id_for_label)

class Input(Widget):
    """
    Base class for all <input> widgets (except type='checkbox' and
    type='radio', which are special).
    """
    input_type = None # Subclasses must define this.

    def render(self, name, value, attrs=None):
        if value is None: value = ''
        final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, type=self.input_type, name=name)
        if value != '':
            # Only add the 'value' attribute if a value is non-empty.
            final_attrs['value'] = force_unicode(value)
        return mark_safe(u'<input%s />' % flatatt(final_attrs))

class TextInput(Input):
    input_type = 'text'

class PasswordInput(Input):
    input_type = 'password'

    def __init__(self, attrs=None, render_value=True):
        super(PasswordInput, self).__init__(attrs)
        self.render_value = render_value

    def render(self, name, value, attrs=None):
        if not self.render_value: value=None
        return super(PasswordInput, self).render(name, value, attrs)

class HiddenInput(Input):
    input_type = 'hidden'
    is_hidden = True

class MultipleHiddenInput(HiddenInput):
    """
    A widget that handles <input type="hidden"> for fields that have a list
    of values.
    """
    def __init__(self, attrs=None, choices=()):
        super(MultipleHiddenInput, self).__init__(attrs)
        # choices can be any iterable
        self.choices = choices

    def render(self, name, value, attrs=None, choices=()):
        if value is None: value = []
        final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, type=self.input_type, name=name)
        return mark_safe(u'\n'.join([(u'<input%s />' %
            flatatt(dict(value=force_unicode(v), **final_attrs)))
            for v in value]))

    def value_from_datadict(self, data, files, name):
        if isinstance(data, (MultiValueDict, MergeDict)):
            return data.getlist(name)
        return data.get(name, None)

class FileInput(Input):
    input_type = 'file'
    needs_multipart_form = True

    def render(self, name, value, attrs=None):
        return super(FileInput, self).render(name, None, attrs=attrs)

    def value_from_datadict(self, data, files, name):
        "File widgets take data from FILES, not POST"
        return files.get(name, None)

    def _has_changed(self, initial, data):
        if data is None:
            return False
        return True

class Textarea(Widget):
    def __init__(self, attrs=None):
        # The 'rows' and 'cols' attributes are required for HTML correctness.
        self.attrs = {'cols': '40', 'rows': '10'}
        if attrs:
            self.attrs.update(attrs)

    def render(self, name, value, attrs=None):
        if value is None: value = ''
        value = force_unicode(value)
        final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, name=name)
        return mark_safe(u'<textarea%s>%s</textarea>' % (flatatt(final_attrs),
                conditional_escape(force_unicode(value))))

class DateTimeInput(Input):
    input_type = 'text'
    format = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'     # '2006-10-25 14:30:59'

    def __init__(self, attrs=None, format=None):
        super(DateTimeInput, self).__init__(attrs)
        if format:
            self.format = format

    def render(self, name, value, attrs=None):
        if value is None:
            value = ''
        elif hasattr(value, 'strftime'):
            value = datetime_safe.new_datetime(value)
            value = value.strftime(self.format)
        return super(DateTimeInput, self).render(name, value, attrs)

class TimeInput(Input):
    input_type = 'text'

    def render(self, name, value, attrs=None):
        if value is None:
            value = ''
        elif isinstance(value, time):
            value = value.replace(microsecond=0)
        return super(TimeInput, self).render(name, value, attrs)

class CheckboxInput(Widget):
    def __init__(self, attrs=None, check_test=bool):
        super(CheckboxInput, self).__init__(attrs)
        # check_test is a callable that takes a value and returns True
        # if the checkbox should be checked for that value.
        self.check_test = check_test

    def render(self, name, value, attrs=None):
        final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, type='checkbox', name=name)
        try:
            result = self.check_test(value)
        except: # Silently catch exceptions
            result = False
        if result:
            final_attrs['checked'] = 'checked'
        if value not in ('', True, False, None):
            # Only add the 'value' attribute if a value is non-empty.
            final_attrs['value'] = force_unicode(value)
        return mark_safe(u'<input%s />' % flatatt(final_attrs))

    def value_from_datadict(self, data, files, name):
        if name not in data:
            # A missing value means False because HTML form submission does not
            # send results for unselected checkboxes.
            return False
        return super(CheckboxInput, self).value_from_datadict(data, files, name)

    def _has_changed(self, initial, data):
        # Sometimes data or initial could be None or u'' which should be the
        # same thing as False.
        return bool(initial) != bool(data)

class Select(Widget):
    def __init__(self, attrs=None, choices=()):
        super(Select, self).__init__(attrs)
        # choices can be any iterable, but we may need to render this widget
        # multiple times. Thus, collapse it into a list so it can be consumed
        # more than once.
        self.choices = list(choices)

    def render(self, name, value, attrs=None, choices=()):
        if value is None: value = ''
        final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, name=name)
        output = [u'<select%s>' % flatatt(final_attrs)]
        options = self.render_options(choices, [value])
        if options:
            output.append(options)
        output.append('</select>')
        return mark_safe(u'\n'.join(output))

    def render_options(self, choices, selected_choices):
        def render_option(option_value, option_label):
            option_value = force_unicode(option_value)
            selected_html = (option_value in selected_choices) and u' selected="selected"' or ''
            return u'<option value="%s"%s>%s</option>' % (
                escape(option_value), selected_html,
                conditional_escape(force_unicode(option_label)))
        # Normalize to strings.
        selected_choices = set([force_unicode(v) for v in selected_choices])
        output = []
        for option_value, option_label in chain(self.choices, choices):
            if isinstance(option_label, (list, tuple)):
                output.append(u'<optgroup label="%s">' % escape(force_unicode(option_value)))
                for option in option_label:
                    output.append(render_option(*option))
                output.append(u'</optgroup>')
            else:
                output.append(render_option(option_value, option_label))
        return u'\n'.join(output)

class NullBooleanSelect(Select):
    """
    A Select Widget intended to be used with NullBooleanField.
    """
    def __init__(self, attrs=None):
        choices = ((u'1', ugettext('Unknown')), (u'2', ugettext('Yes')), (u'3', ugettext('No')))
        super(NullBooleanSelect, self).__init__(attrs, choices)

    def render(self, name, value, attrs=None, choices=()):
        try:
            value = {True: u'2', False: u'3', u'2': u'2', u'3': u'3'}[value]
        except KeyError:
            value = u'1'
        return super(NullBooleanSelect, self).render(name, value, attrs, choices)

    def value_from_datadict(self, data, files, name):
        value = data.get(name, None)
        return {u'2': True, u'3': False, True: True, False: False}.get(value, None)

    def _has_changed(self, initial, data):
        # Sometimes data or initial could be None or u'' which should be the
        # same thing as False.
        return bool(initial) != bool(data)

class SelectMultiple(Select):
    def render(self, name, value, attrs=None, choices=()):
        if value is None: value = []
        final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, name=name)
        output = [u'<select multiple="multiple"%s>' % flatatt(final_attrs)]
        options = self.render_options(choices, value)
        if options:
            output.append(options)
        output.append('</select>')
        return mark_safe(u'\n'.join(output))

    def value_from_datadict(self, data, files, name):
        if isinstance(data, (MultiValueDict, MergeDict)):
            return data.getlist(name)
        return data.get(name, None)

    def _has_changed(self, initial, data):
        if initial is None:
            initial = []
        if data is None:
            data = []
        if len(initial) != len(data):
            return True
        for value1, value2 in zip(initial, data):
            if force_unicode(value1) != force_unicode(value2):
                return True
        return False

class RadioInput(StrAndUnicode):
    """
    An object used by RadioFieldRenderer that represents a single
    <input type='radio'>.
    """

    def __init__(self, name, value, attrs, choice, index):
        self.name, self.value = name, value
        self.attrs = attrs
        self.choice_value = force_unicode(choice[0])
        self.choice_label = force_unicode(choice[1])
        self.index = index

    def __unicode__(self):
        if 'id' in self.attrs:
            label_for = ' for="%s_%s"' % (self.attrs['id'], self.index)
        else:
            label_for = ''
        choice_label = conditional_escape(force_unicode(self.choice_label))
        return mark_safe(u'<label%s>%s %s</label>' % (label_for, self.tag(), choice_label))

    def is_checked(self):
        return self.value == self.choice_value

    def tag(self):
        if 'id' in self.attrs:
            self.attrs['id'] = '%s_%s' % (self.attrs['id'], self.index)
        final_attrs = dict(self.attrs, type='radio', name=self.name, value=self.choice_value)
        if self.is_checked():
            final_attrs['checked'] = 'checked'
        return mark_safe(u'<input%s />' % flatatt(final_attrs))

class RadioFieldRenderer(StrAndUnicode):
    """
    An object used by RadioSelect to enable customization of radio widgets.
    """

    def __init__(self, name, value, attrs, choices):
        self.name, self.value, self.attrs = name, value, attrs
        self.choices = choices

    def __iter__(self):
        for i, choice in enumerate(self.choices):
            yield RadioInput(self.name, self.value, self.attrs.copy(), choice, i)

    def __getitem__(self, idx):
        choice = self.choices[idx] # Let the IndexError propogate
        return RadioInput(self.name, self.value, self.attrs.copy(), choice, idx)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.render()

    def render(self):
        """Outputs a <ul> for this set of radio fields."""
        return mark_safe(u'<ul>\n%s\n</ul>' % u'\n'.join([u'<li>%s</li>'
                % force_unicode(w) for w in self]))

class RadioSelect(Select):
    renderer = RadioFieldRenderer

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # Override the default renderer if we were passed one.
        renderer = kwargs.pop('renderer', None)
        if renderer:
            self.renderer = renderer
        super(RadioSelect, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def get_renderer(self, name, value, attrs=None, choices=()):
        """Returns an instance of the renderer."""
        if value is None: value = ''
        str_value = force_unicode(value) # Normalize to string.
        final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs)
        choices = list(chain(self.choices, choices))
        return self.renderer(name, str_value, final_attrs, choices)

    def render(self, name, value, attrs=None, choices=()):
        return self.get_renderer(name, value, attrs, choices).render()

    def id_for_label(self, id_):
        # RadioSelect is represented by multiple <input type="radio"> fields,
        # each of which has a distinct ID. The IDs are made distinct by a "_X"
        # suffix, where X is the zero-based index of the radio field. Thus,
        # the label for a RadioSelect should reference the first one ('_0').
        if id_:
            id_ += '_0'
        return id_
    id_for_label = classmethod(id_for_label)

class CheckboxSelectMultiple(SelectMultiple):
    def render(self, name, value, attrs=None, choices=()):
        if value is None: value = []
        has_id = attrs and 'id' in attrs
        final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, name=name)
        output = [u'<ul>']
        # Normalize to strings
        str_values = set([force_unicode(v) for v in value])
        for i, (option_value, option_label) in enumerate(chain(self.choices, choices)):
            # If an ID attribute was given, add a numeric index as a suffix,
            # so that the checkboxes don't all have the same ID attribute.
            if has_id:
                final_attrs = dict(final_attrs, id='%s_%s' % (attrs['id'], i))
                label_for = u' for="%s"' % final_attrs['id']
            else:
                label_for = ''

            cb = CheckboxInput(final_attrs, check_test=lambda value: value in str_values)
            option_value = force_unicode(option_value)
            rendered_cb = cb.render(name, option_value)
            option_label = conditional_escape(force_unicode(option_label))
            output.append(u'<li><label%s>%s %s</label></li>' % (label_for, rendered_cb, option_label))
        output.append(u'</ul>')
        return mark_safe(u'\n'.join(output))

    def id_for_label(self, id_):
        # See the comment for RadioSelect.id_for_label()
        if id_:
            id_ += '_0'
        return id_
    id_for_label = classmethod(id_for_label)

class MultiWidget(Widget):
    """
    A widget that is composed of multiple widgets.

    Its render() method is different than other widgets', because it has to
    figure out how to split a single value for display in multiple widgets.
    The ``value`` argument can be one of two things:

        * A list.
        * A normal value (e.g., a string) that has been "compressed" from
          a list of values.

    In the second case -- i.e., if the value is NOT a list -- render() will
    first "decompress" the value into a list before rendering it. It does so by
    calling the decompress() method, which MultiWidget subclasses must
    implement. This method takes a single "compressed" value and returns a
    list.

    When render() does its HTML rendering, each value in the list is rendered
    with the corresponding widget -- the first value is rendered in the first
    widget, the second value is rendered in the second widget, etc.

    Subclasses may implement format_output(), which takes the list of rendered
    widgets and returns a string of HTML that formats them any way you'd like.

    You'll probably want to use this class with MultiValueField.
    """
    def __init__(self, widgets, attrs=None):
        self.widgets = [isinstance(w, type) and w() or w for w in widgets]
        super(MultiWidget, self).__init__(attrs)

    def render(self, name, value, attrs=None):
        # value is a list of values, each corresponding to a widget
        # in self.widgets.
        if not isinstance(value, list):
            value = self.decompress(value)
        output = []
        final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs)
        id_ = final_attrs.get('id', None)
        for i, widget in enumerate(self.widgets):
            try:
                widget_value = value[i]
            except IndexError:
                widget_value = None
            if id_:
                final_attrs = dict(final_attrs, id='%s_%s' % (id_, i))
            output.append(widget.render(name + '_%s' % i, widget_value, final_attrs))
        return mark_safe(self.format_output(output))

    def id_for_label(self, id_):
        # See the comment for RadioSelect.id_for_label()
        if id_:
            id_ += '_0'
        return id_
    id_for_label = classmethod(id_for_label)

    def value_from_datadict(self, data, files, name):
        return [widget.value_from_datadict(data, files, name + '_%s' % i) for i, widget in enumerate(self.widgets)]

    def _has_changed(self, initial, data):
        if initial is None:
            initial = [u'' for x in range(0, len(data))]
        else:
            if not isinstance(initial, list):
                initial = self.decompress(initial)
        for widget, initial, data in zip(self.widgets, initial, data):
            if widget._has_changed(initial, data):
                return True
        return False

    def format_output(self, rendered_widgets):
        """
        Given a list of rendered widgets (as strings), returns a Unicode string
        representing the HTML for the whole lot.

        This hook allows you to format the HTML design of the widgets, if
        needed.
        """
        return u''.join(rendered_widgets)

    def decompress(self, value):
        """
        Returns a list of decompressed values for the given compressed value.
        The given value can be assumed to be valid, but not necessarily
        non-empty.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('Subclasses must implement this method.')

    def _get_media(self):
        "Media for a multiwidget is the combination of all media of the subwidgets"
        media = Media()
        for w in self.widgets:
            media = media + w.media
        return media
    media = property(_get_media)

class SplitDateTimeWidget(MultiWidget):
    """
    A Widget that splits datetime input into two <input type="text"> boxes.
    """
    def __init__(self, attrs=None):
        widgets = (TextInput(attrs=attrs), TextInput(attrs=attrs))
        super(SplitDateTimeWidget, self).__init__(widgets, attrs)

    def decompress(self, value):
        if value:
            return [value.date(), value.time().replace(microsecond=0)]
        return [None, None]

class SplitHiddenDateTimeWidget(SplitDateTimeWidget):
    """
    A Widget that splits datetime input into two <input type="hidden"> inputs.
    """
    def __init__(self, attrs=None):
        widgets = (HiddenInput(attrs=attrs), HiddenInput(attrs=attrs))
        super(SplitDateTimeWidget, self).__init__(widgets, attrs)