storage.py

import errno
import os
import warnings
from datetime import datetime

from django.conf import settings
from django.core.exceptions import SuspiciousFileOperation
from django.core.files import File, locks
from django.core.files.move import file_move_safe
from django.core.signals import setting_changed
from django.utils import timezone
from django.utils._os import abspathu, safe_join
from django.utils.crypto import get_random_string
from django.utils.deconstruct import deconstructible
from django.utils.deprecation import RemovedInDjango20Warning
from django.utils.encoding import filepath_to_uri, force_text
from django.utils.functional import LazyObject, cached_property
from django.utils.module_loading import import_string
from django.utils.six.moves.urllib.parse import urljoin
from django.utils.text import get_valid_filename

__all__ = ('Storage', 'FileSystemStorage', 'DefaultStorage', 'default_storage')


class Storage(object):
    """
    A base storage class, providing some default behaviors that all other
    storage systems can inherit or override, as necessary.
    """

    # The following methods represent a public interface to private methods.
    # These shouldn't be overridden by subclasses unless absolutely necessary.

    def open(self, name, mode='rb'):
        """
        Retrieves the specified file from storage.
        """
        return self._open(name, mode)

    def save(self, name, content, max_length=None):
        """
        Saves new content to the file specified by name. The content should be
        a proper File object or any python file-like object, ready to be read
        from the beginning.
        """
        # Get the proper name for the file, as it will actually be saved.
        if name is None:
            name = content.name

        if not hasattr(content, 'chunks'):
            content = File(content, name)

        name = self.get_available_name(name, max_length=max_length)
        return self._save(name, content)

    # These methods are part of the public API, with default implementations.

    def get_valid_name(self, name):
        """
        Returns a filename, based on the provided filename, that's suitable for
        use in the target storage system.
        """
        return get_valid_filename(name)

    def get_available_name(self, name, max_length=None):
        """
        Returns a filename that's free on the target storage system, and
        available for new content to be written to.
        """
        dir_name, file_name = os.path.split(name)
        file_root, file_ext = os.path.splitext(file_name)
        # If the filename already exists, add an underscore and a random 7
        # character alphanumeric string (before the file extension, if one
        # exists) to the filename until the generated filename doesn't exist.
        # Truncate original name if required, so the new filename does not
        # exceed the max_length.
        while self.exists(name) or (max_length and len(name) > max_length):
            # file_ext includes the dot.
            name = os.path.join(dir_name, "%s_%s%s" % (file_root, get_random_string(7), file_ext))
            if max_length is None:
                continue
            # Truncate file_root if max_length exceeded.
            truncation = len(name) - max_length
            if truncation > 0:
                file_root = file_root[:-truncation]
                # Entire file_root was truncated in attempt to find an available filename.
                if not file_root:
                    raise SuspiciousFileOperation(
                        'Storage can not find an available filename for "%s". '
                        'Please make sure that the corresponding file field '
                        'allows sufficient "max_length".' % name
                    )
                name = os.path.join(dir_name, "%s_%s%s" % (file_root, get_random_string(7), file_ext))
        return name

    def generate_filename(self, filename):
        """
        Validate the filename by calling get_valid_name() and return a filename
        to be passed to the save() method.
        """
        # `filename` may include a path as returned by FileField.upload_to.
        dirname, filename = os.path.split(filename)
        return os.path.normpath(os.path.join(dirname, self.get_valid_name(filename)))

    def path(self, name):
        """
        Returns a local filesystem path where the file can be retrieved using
        Python's built-in open() function. Storage systems that can't be
        accessed using open() should *not* implement this method.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError("This backend doesn't support absolute paths.")

    # The following methods form the public API for storage systems, but with
    # no default implementations. Subclasses must implement *all* of these.

    def delete(self, name):
        """
        Deletes the specified file from the storage system.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('subclasses of Storage must provide a delete() method')

    def exists(self, name):
        """
        Returns True if a file referenced by the given name already exists in the
        storage system, or False if the name is available for a new file.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('subclasses of Storage must provide an exists() method')

    def listdir(self, path):
        """
        Lists the contents of the specified path, returning a 2-tuple of lists;
        the first item being directories, the second item being files.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('subclasses of Storage must provide a listdir() method')

    def size(self, name):
        """
        Returns the total size, in bytes, of the file specified by name.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('subclasses of Storage must provide a size() method')

    def url(self, name):
        """
        Returns an absolute URL where the file's contents can be accessed
        directly by a Web browser.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('subclasses of Storage must provide a url() method')

    def accessed_time(self, name):
        """
        Returns the last accessed time (as datetime object) of the file
        specified by name. Deprecated: use get_accessed_time() instead.
        """
        warnings.warn(
            'Storage.accessed_time() is deprecated in favor of get_accessed_time().',
            RemovedInDjango20Warning,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        raise NotImplementedError('subclasses of Storage must provide an accessed_time() method')

    def created_time(self, name):
        """
        Returns the creation time (as datetime object) of the file
        specified by name. Deprecated: use get_created_time() instead.
        """
        warnings.warn(
            'Storage.created_time() is deprecated in favor of get_created_time().',
            RemovedInDjango20Warning,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        raise NotImplementedError('subclasses of Storage must provide a created_time() method')

    def modified_time(self, name):
        """
        Returns the last modified time (as datetime object) of the file
        specified by name. Deprecated: use get_modified_time() instead.
        """
        warnings.warn(
            'Storage.modified_time() is deprecated in favor of get_modified_time().',
            RemovedInDjango20Warning,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        raise NotImplementedError('subclasses of Storage must provide a modified_time() method')

    def get_accessed_time(self, name):
        """
        Return the last accessed time (as a datetime) of the file specified by
        name. The datetime will be timezone-aware if USE_TZ=True.
        """
        # At the end of the deprecation:
        # raise NotImplementedError('subclasses of Storage must provide a get_accessed_time() method')
        warnings.warn(
            'Storage.accessed_time() is deprecated. '
            'Storage backends should implement get_accessed_time().',
            RemovedInDjango20Warning,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        dt = self.accessed_time(name)
        return _possibly_make_aware(dt)

    def get_created_time(self, name):
        """
        Return the creation time (as a datetime) of the file specified by name.
        The datetime will be timezone-aware if USE_TZ=True.
        """
        # At the end of the deprecation:
        # raise NotImplementedError('subclasses of Storage must provide a get_created_time() method')
        warnings.warn(
            'Storage.created_time() is deprecated. '
            'Storage backends should implement get_created_time().',
            RemovedInDjango20Warning,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        dt = self.created_time(name)
        return _possibly_make_aware(dt)

    def get_modified_time(self, name):
        """
        Return the last modified time (as a datetime) of the file specified by
        name. The datetime will be timezone-aware if USE_TZ=True.
        """
        # At the end of the deprecation:
        # raise NotImplementedError('subclasses of Storage must provide a get_modified_time() method')
        warnings.warn(
            'Storage.modified_time() is deprecated. '
            'Storage backends should implement get_modified_time().',
            RemovedInDjango20Warning,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        dt = self.modified_time(name)
        return _possibly_make_aware(dt)


def _possibly_make_aware(dt):
    """
    Convert a datetime object in the local timezone to aware
    in UTC, if USE_TZ is True.
    """
    # This function is only needed to help with the deprecations above and can
    # be removed in Django 2.0, RemovedInDjango20Warning.
    if settings.USE_TZ:
        tz = timezone.get_default_timezone()
        return timezone.make_aware(dt, tz).astimezone(timezone.utc)
    else:
        return dt


@deconstructible
class FileSystemStorage(Storage):
    """
    Standard filesystem storage
    """

    def __init__(self, location=None, base_url=None, file_permissions_mode=None,
                 directory_permissions_mode=None):
        self._location = location
        self._base_url = base_url
        self._file_permissions_mode = file_permissions_mode
        self._directory_permissions_mode = directory_permissions_mode
        setting_changed.connect(self._clear_cached_properties)

    def _clear_cached_properties(self, setting, **kwargs):
        """Reset setting based property values."""
        if setting == 'MEDIA_ROOT':
            self.__dict__.pop('base_location', None)
            self.__dict__.pop('location', None)
        elif setting == 'MEDIA_URL':
            self.__dict__.pop('base_url', None)
        elif setting == 'FILE_UPLOAD_PERMISSIONS':
            self.__dict__.pop('file_permissions_mode', None)
        elif setting == 'FILE_UPLOAD_DIRECTORY_PERMISSIONS':
            self.__dict__.pop('directory_permissions_mode', None)

    def _value_or_setting(self, value, setting):
        return setting if value is None else value

    @cached_property
    def base_location(self):
        return self._value_or_setting(self._location, settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

    @cached_property
    def location(self):
        return abspathu(self.base_location)

    @cached_property
    def base_url(self):
        if self._base_url is not None and not self._base_url.endswith('/'):
            self._base_url += '/'
        return self._value_or_setting(self._base_url, settings.MEDIA_URL)

    @cached_property
    def file_permissions_mode(self):
        return self._value_or_setting(self._file_permissions_mode, settings.FILE_UPLOAD_PERMISSIONS)

    @cached_property
    def directory_permissions_mode(self):
        return self._value_or_setting(self._directory_permissions_mode, settings.FILE_UPLOAD_DIRECTORY_PERMISSIONS)

    def _open(self, name, mode='rb'):
        return File(open(self.path(name), mode))

    def _save(self, name, content):
        full_path = self.path(name)

        # Create any intermediate directories that do not exist.
        # Note that there is a race between os.path.exists and os.makedirs:
        # if os.makedirs fails with EEXIST, the directory was created
        # concurrently, and we can continue normally. Refs #16082.
        directory = os.path.dirname(full_path)
        if not os.path.exists(directory):
            try:
                if self.directory_permissions_mode is not None:
                    # os.makedirs applies the global umask, so we reset it,
                    # for consistency with file_permissions_mode behavior.
                    old_umask = os.umask(0)
                    try:
                        os.makedirs(directory, self.directory_permissions_mode)
                    finally:
                        os.umask(old_umask)
                else:
                    os.makedirs(directory)
            except OSError as e:
                if e.errno != errno.EEXIST:
                    raise
        if not os.path.isdir(directory):
            raise IOError("%s exists and is not a directory." % directory)

        # There's a potential race condition between get_available_name and
        # saving the file; it's possible that two threads might return the
        # same name, at which point all sorts of fun happens. So we need to
        # try to create the file, but if it already exists we have to go back
        # to get_available_name() and try again.

        while True:
            try:
                # This file has a file path that we can move.
                if hasattr(content, 'temporary_file_path'):
                    file_move_safe(content.temporary_file_path(), full_path)

                # This is a normal uploadedfile that we can stream.
                else:
                    # This fun binary flag incantation makes os.open throw an
                    # OSError if the file already exists before we open it.
                    flags = (os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL |
                             getattr(os, 'O_BINARY', 0))
                    # The current umask value is masked out by os.open!
                    fd = os.open(full_path, flags, 0o666)
                    _file = None
                    try:
                        locks.lock(fd, locks.LOCK_EX)
                        for chunk in content.chunks():
                            if _file is None:
                                mode = 'wb' if isinstance(chunk, bytes) else 'wt'
                                _file = os.fdopen(fd, mode)
                            _file.write(chunk)
                    finally:
                        locks.unlock(fd)
                        if _file is not None:
                            _file.close()
                        else:
                            os.close(fd)
            except OSError as e:
                if e.errno == errno.EEXIST:
                    # Ooops, the file exists. We need a new file name.
                    name = self.get_available_name(name)
                    full_path = self.path(name)
                else:
                    raise
            else:
                # OK, the file save worked. Break out of the loop.
                break

        if self.file_permissions_mode is not None:
            os.chmod(full_path, self.file_permissions_mode)

        # Store filenames with forward slashes, even on Windows.
        return force_text(name.replace('\\', '/'))

    def delete(self, name):
        assert name, "The name argument is not allowed to be empty."
        name = self.path(name)
        # If the file exists, delete it from the filesystem.
        # Note that there is a race between os.path.exists and os.remove:
        # if os.remove fails with ENOENT, the file was removed
        # concurrently, and we can continue normally.
        if os.path.exists(name):
            try:
                os.remove(name)
            except OSError as e:
                if e.errno != errno.ENOENT:
                    raise

    def exists(self, name):
        return os.path.exists(self.path(name))

    def listdir(self, path):
        path = self.path(path)
        directories, files = [], []
        for entry in os.listdir(path):
            if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(path, entry)):
                directories.append(entry)
            else:
                files.append(entry)
        return directories, files

    def path(self, name):
        return safe_join(self.location, name)

    def size(self, name):
        return os.path.getsize(self.path(name))

    def url(self, name):
        if self.base_url is None:
            raise ValueError("This file is not accessible via a URL.")
        url = filepath_to_uri(name)
        if url is not None:
            url = url.lstrip('/')
        return urljoin(self.base_url, url)

    def accessed_time(self, name):
        warnings.warn(
            'FileSystemStorage.accessed_time() is deprecated in favor of '
            'get_accessed_time().',
            RemovedInDjango20Warning,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        return datetime.fromtimestamp(os.path.getatime(self.path(name)))

    def created_time(self, name):
        warnings.warn(
            'FileSystemStorage.created_time() is deprecated in favor of '
            'get_created_time().',
            RemovedInDjango20Warning,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        return datetime.fromtimestamp(os.path.getctime(self.path(name)))

    def modified_time(self, name):
        warnings.warn(
            'FileSystemStorage.modified_time() is deprecated in favor of '
            'get_modified_time().',
            RemovedInDjango20Warning,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        return datetime.fromtimestamp(os.path.getmtime(self.path(name)))

    def _datetime_from_timestamp(self, ts):
        """
        If timezone support is enabled, make an aware datetime object in UTC;
        otherwise make a naive one in the local timezone.
        """
        if settings.USE_TZ:
            # Safe to use .replace() because UTC doesn't have DST
            return datetime.utcfromtimestamp(ts).replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
        else:
            return datetime.fromtimestamp(ts)

    def get_accessed_time(self, name):
        return self._datetime_from_timestamp(os.path.getatime(self.path(name)))

    def get_created_time(self, name):
        return self._datetime_from_timestamp(os.path.getctime(self.path(name)))

    def get_modified_time(self, name):
        return self._datetime_from_timestamp(os.path.getmtime(self.path(name)))


def get_storage_class(import_path=None):
    return import_string(import_path or settings.DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE)


class DefaultStorage(LazyObject):
    def _setup(self):
        self._wrapped = get_storage_class()()

default_storage = DefaultStorage()