stdio.d

/**
 * D header file for C99.
 *
 * $(C_HEADER_DESCRIPTION pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/_stdio.h.html, _stdio.h)
 *
 * Copyright: Copyright Sean Kelly 2005 - 2009.
 * License: Distributed under the
 *      $(LINK2 http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt, Boost Software License 1.0).
 *    (See accompanying file LICENSE)
 * Authors:   Sean Kelly,
 *            Alex Rønne Petersen
 * Source:    $(DRUNTIMESRC core/stdc/_stdio.d)
 * Standards: ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (E)
 */

module core.stdc.stdio;

private
{
    import core.stdc.config;
    import core.stdc.stdarg; // for va_list
    import core.stdc.stdint : intptr_t;

  version (FreeBSD)
  {
    import core.sys.posix.sys.types;
  }
}

extern (C):
@system:
nothrow:
@nogc:

version( CRuntime_DigitalMars )
{
    enum
    {
        ///
        BUFSIZ       = 0x4000,
        ///
        EOF          = -1,
        ///
        FOPEN_MAX    = 20,
        ///
        FILENAME_MAX = 256, // 255 plus NULL
        ///
        TMP_MAX      = 32767,
        ///
        SYS_OPEN     = 20,      // non-standard
    }

    ///
    enum int     _NFILE     = 60;       // non-standard
    ///
    enum string  _P_tmpdir  = "\\"; // non-standard
    ///
    enum wstring _wP_tmpdir = "\\"; // non-standard
    ///
    enum int     L_tmpnam   = _P_tmpdir.length + 12;
}
else version( CRuntime_Microsoft )
{
    enum
    {
        ///
        BUFSIZ       = 512,
        ///
        EOF          = -1,
        ///
        FOPEN_MAX    = 20,
        ///
        FILENAME_MAX = 260,
        /// Actually int.max since Visual Studio 2015.
        TMP_MAX      = 32767,
        ///
        _SYS_OPEN    = 20,      // non-standard
    }

    ///
    enum int     _NFILE     = 512;       // non-standard
    /// Removed since Visual Studio 2015.
    enum string  _P_tmpdir  = "\\"; // non-standard
    /// Removed since Visual Studio 2015.
    enum wstring _wP_tmpdir = "\\"; // non-standard
    /// Actually 260 since Visual Studio 2015.
    enum int     L_tmpnam   = _P_tmpdir.length + 12;
}
else version( CRuntime_Glibc )
{
    enum
    {
        ///
        BUFSIZ       = 8192,
        ///
        EOF          = -1,
        ///
        FOPEN_MAX    = 16,
        ///
        FILENAME_MAX = 4095,
        ///
        TMP_MAX      = 238328,
        ///
        L_tmpnam     = 20
    }
}
else version( OSX )
{
    enum
    {
        ///
        BUFSIZ       = 1024,
        ///
        EOF          = -1,
        ///
        FOPEN_MAX    = 20,
        ///
        FILENAME_MAX = 1024,
        ///
        TMP_MAX      = 308915776,
        ///
        L_tmpnam     = 1024,
    }

    private
    {
        struct __sbuf
        {
            ubyte*  _base;
            int     _size;
        }

        struct __sFILEX
        {

        }
    }
}
else version ( FreeBSD )
{
    enum
    {
        ///
        BUFSIZ       = 1024,
        ///
        EOF          = -1,
        ///
        FOPEN_MAX    = 20,
        ///
        FILENAME_MAX = 1024,
        ///
        TMP_MAX      = 308915776,
        ///
        L_tmpnam     = 1024
    }

    struct __sbuf
    {
        ubyte *_base;
        int _size;
    }

    union __mbstate_t // <sys/_types.h>
    {
        char[128]   _mbstate8;
        long        _mbstateL;
    }
}
else version (Solaris)
{
    enum
    {
        ///
        BUFSIZ = 1024,
        ///
        EOF = -1,
        ///
        FOPEN_MAX = _NFILE,
        ///
        FILENAME_MAX = 1024,
        ///
        TMP_MAX = 17576,
        ///
        L_tmpnam = 25,
    }

    version (X86)
        ///
        enum int _NFILE = 60;
    else
        ///
        enum int _NFILE = 20;
}
else version( CRuntime_Bionic )
{
    enum
    {
        ///
        BUFSIZ       = 1024,
        ///
        EOF          = -1,
        ///
        FOPEN_MAX    = 20,
        ///
        FILENAME_MAX = 1024,
        ///
        TMP_MAX      = 308915776,
        ///
        L_tmpnam     = 1024
    }

    struct __sbuf
    {
        ubyte* _base;
        int _size;
    }
}
else
{
    static assert( false, "Unsupported platform" );
}

enum
{
    /// Offset is relative to the beginning
    SEEK_SET,
    /// Offset is relative to the current position
    SEEK_CUR,
    /// Offset is relative to the end
    SEEK_END
}

version( CRuntime_DigitalMars )
{
    ///
    alias c_long fpos_t;

    ///
    struct _iobuf
    {
        char* _ptr;
        int   _cnt;
        char* _base;
        int   _flag;
        int   _file;
        int   _charbuf;
        int   _bufsiz;
        char* __tmpnum;
    }

    ///
    alias shared(_iobuf) FILE;
}
else version( CRuntime_Microsoft )
{
    ///
    alias long fpos_t;

    ///
    struct _iobuf
    {
        void* undefined;
    }

    ///
    alias shared(_iobuf) FILE;
}
else version( CRuntime_Glibc )
{
    import core.stdc.wchar_ : mbstate_t;
    ///
    struct fpos_t
    {
        long __pos; // couldn't use off_t because of static if issue
        mbstate_t __state;
    }

    ///
    struct _IO_FILE
    {
        int     _flags;
        char*   _read_ptr;
        char*   _read_end;
        char*   _read_base;
        char*   _write_base;
        char*   _write_ptr;
        char*   _write_end;
        char*   _buf_base;
        char*   _buf_end;
        char*   _save_base;
        char*   _backup_base;
        char*   _save_end;
        void*   _markers;
        _IO_FILE* _chain;
        int     _fileno;
        int     _blksize;
        int     _old_offset;
        ushort  _cur_column;
        byte    _vtable_offset;
        char[1] _shortbuf;
        void*   _lock;
    }

    ///
    alias _IO_FILE _iobuf;
    ///
    alias shared(_IO_FILE) FILE;
}
else version( OSX )
{
    ///
    alias long fpos_t;

    ///
    struct __sFILE
    {
        ubyte*    _p;
        int       _r;
        int       _w;
        short     _flags;
        short     _file;
        __sbuf    _bf;
        int       _lbfsize;

        void*     _cookie;
        int     function(void*)                    _close;
        int     function(void*, char*, int)        _read;
        fpos_t  function(void*, fpos_t, int)       _seek;
        int     function(void*, char *, int)       _write;

        __sbuf    _ub;
        __sFILEX* _extra;
        int       _ur;

        ubyte[3]  _ubuf;
        ubyte[1]  _nbuf;

        __sbuf    _lb;

        int       _blksize;
        fpos_t    _offset;
    }

    ///
    alias __sFILE _iobuf;
    ///
    alias shared(__sFILE) FILE;
}
else version( FreeBSD )
{
    ///
    alias off_t fpos_t;

    ///
    struct __sFILE
    {
        ubyte*          _p;
        int             _r;
        int             _w;
        short           _flags;
        short           _file;
        __sbuf          _bf;
        int             _lbfsize;

        void*           _cookie;
        int     function(void*)                 _close;
        int     function(void*, char*, int)     _read;
        fpos_t  function(void*, fpos_t, int)    _seek;
        int     function(void*, in char*, int)  _write;

        __sbuf          _ub;
        ubyte*          _up;
        int             _ur;

        ubyte[3]        _ubuf;
        ubyte[1]        _nbuf;

        __sbuf          _lb;

        int             _blksize;
        fpos_t          _offset;

        pthread_mutex_t _fl_mutex;
        pthread_t       _fl_owner;
        int             _fl_count;
        int             _orientation;
        __mbstate_t     _mbstate;
    }

    ///
    alias __sFILE _iobuf;
    ///
    alias shared(__sFILE) FILE;
}
else version (Solaris)
{
    ///
    alias c_long fpos_t;

    ///
    struct _iobuf
    {
        char* _ptr;
        int _cnt;
        char* _base;
        char _flag;
        char _magic;
        ushort __flags; // __orientation:2
                        // __ionolock:1
                        // __seekable:1
                        // __extendedfd:1
                        // __xf_nocheck:1
                        // __filler:10
    }

    ///
    alias shared(_iobuf) FILE;
}
else version( CRuntime_Bionic )
{
    import core.sys.posix.sys.types : off_t;
    ///
    alias off_t fpos_t;

    ///
    struct __sFILE
    {
        ubyte*    _p;
        int       _r;
        int       _w;
        short     _flags;
        short     _file;
        __sbuf    _bf;
        int       _lbfsize;

        void*     _cookie;
        int      function(void*)                    _close;
        int      function(void*, char*, int)        _read;
        fpos_t   function(void*, fpos_t, int)       _seek;
        int      function(void*, in char*, int)     _write;

        __sbuf    _ext;
        ubyte*    _up;
        int       _ur;

        ubyte[3]  _ubuf;
        ubyte[1]  _nbuf;

        __sbuf    _lb;

        int       _blksize;
        fpos_t    _offset;
    }

    ///
    alias __sFILE _iobuf;
    ///
    alias shared(__sFILE) FILE;
}
else
{
    static assert( false, "Unsupported platform" );
}

enum
{
    ///
    _F_RDWR = 0x0003, // non-standard
    ///
    _F_READ = 0x0001, // non-standard
    ///
    _F_WRIT = 0x0002, // non-standard
    ///
    _F_BUF  = 0x0004, // non-standard
    ///
    _F_LBUF = 0x0008, // non-standard
    ///
    _F_ERR  = 0x0010, // non-standard
    ///
    _F_EOF  = 0x0020, // non-standard
    ///
    _F_BIN  = 0x0040, // non-standard
    ///
    _F_IN   = 0x0080, // non-standard
    ///
    _F_OUT  = 0x0100, // non-standard
    ///
    _F_TERM = 0x0200, // non-standard
}

version( CRuntime_DigitalMars )
{
    enum
    {
        ///
        _IOFBF   = 0,
        ///
        _IOLBF   = 0x40,
        ///
        _IONBF   = 4,
        ///
        _IOREAD  = 1,     // non-standard
        ///
        _IOWRT   = 2,     // non-standard
        ///
        _IOMYBUF = 8,     // non-standard
        ///
        _IOEOF   = 0x10,  // non-standard
        ///
        _IOERR   = 0x20,  // non-standard
        ///
        _IOSTRG  = 0x40,  // non-standard
        ///
        _IORW    = 0x80,  // non-standard
        ///
        _IOTRAN  = 0x100, // non-standard
        ///
        _IOAPP   = 0x200, // non-standard
    }

    extern shared void function() _fcloseallp;

    private extern shared FILE[_NFILE] _iob;

    ///
    shared stdin  = &_iob[0];
    ///
    shared stdout = &_iob[1];
    ///
    shared stderr = &_iob[2];
    ///
    shared stdaux = &_iob[3];
    ///
    shared stdprn = &_iob[4];
}
else version( CRuntime_Microsoft )
{
    enum
    {
        ///
        _IOFBF   = 0,
        ///
        _IOLBF   = 0x40,
        ///
        _IONBF   = 4,
        /// Removed since Visual Studio 2015.
        _IOREAD  = 1,     // non-standard
        /// Removed since Visual Studio 2015.
        _IOWRT   = 2,     // non-standard
        /// Removed since Visual Studio 2015.
        _IOMYBUF = 8,     // non-standard
        /// Removed since Visual Studio 2015.
        _IOEOF   = 0x10,  // non-standard
        /// Removed since Visual Studio 2015.
        _IOERR   = 0x20,  // non-standard
        /// Removed since Visual Studio 2015.
        _IOSTRG  = 0x40,  // non-standard
        /// Removed since Visual Studio 2015.
        _IORW    = 0x80,  // non-standard
        /// Removed since Visual Studio 2015.
        _IOAPP   = 0x200, // non-standard
        /// Removed since Visual Studio 2015.
        _IOAPPEND = 0x200, // non-standard
    }

    extern shared void function() _fcloseallp;

    ///
    shared FILE* stdin;  // = &__iob_func()[0];
    ///
    shared FILE* stdout; // = &__iob_func()[1];
    ///
    shared FILE* stderr; // = &__iob_func()[2];
}
else version( CRuntime_Glibc )
{
    enum
    {
        ///
        _IOFBF = 0,
        ///
        _IOLBF = 1,
        ///
        _IONBF = 2,
    }

    ///
    extern shared FILE* stdin;
    ///
    extern shared FILE* stdout;
    ///
    extern shared FILE* stderr;
}
else version( OSX )
{
    enum
    {
        ///
        _IOFBF = 0,
        ///
        _IOLBF = 1,
        ///
        _IONBF = 2,
    }

    private extern shared FILE* __stdinp;
    private extern shared FILE* __stdoutp;
    private extern shared FILE* __stderrp;

    ///
    alias __stdinp  stdin;
    ///
    alias __stdoutp stdout;
    ///
    alias __stderrp stderr;
}
else version( FreeBSD )
{
    enum
    {
        ///
        _IOFBF = 0,
        ///
        _IOLBF = 1,
        ///
        _IONBF = 2,
    }

    private extern shared FILE* __stdinp;
    private extern shared FILE* __stdoutp;
    private extern shared FILE* __stderrp;

    ///
    alias __stdinp  stdin;
    ///
    alias __stdoutp stdout;
    ///
    alias __stderrp stderr;
}
else version (Solaris)
{
    enum
    {
        ///
        _IOFBF = 0x00,
        ///
        _IOLBF = 0x40,
        ///
        _IONBF = 0x04,
        ///
        _IOEOF = 0x20,
        ///
        _IOERR = 0x40,
        ///
        _IOREAD = 0x01,
        ///
        _IOWRT = 0x02,
        ///
        _IORW = 0x80,
        ///
        _IOMYBUF = 0x08,
    }

    private extern shared FILE[_NFILE] __iob;

    ///
    shared stdin = &__iob[0];
    ///
    shared stdout = &__iob[1];
    ///
    shared stderr = &__iob[2];
}
else version( CRuntime_Bionic )
{
    enum
    {
        ///
        _IOFBF = 0,
        ///
        _IOLBF = 1,
        ///
        _IONBF = 2,
    }

    private extern shared FILE[3] __sF;

    ///
    shared stdin  = &__sF[0];
    ///
    shared stdout = &__sF[1];
    ///
    shared stderr = &__sF[2];
}
else
{
    static assert( false, "Unsupported platform" );
}

///
int remove(in char* filename);
///
int rename(in char* from, in char* to);

///
@trusted FILE* tmpfile(); // No unsafe pointer manipulation.
///
char* tmpnam(char* s);

///
int   fclose(FILE* stream);

// No unsafe pointer manipulation.
@trusted
{
    ///
    int   fflush(FILE* stream);
}

///
FILE* fopen(in char* filename, in char* mode);
///
FILE* freopen(in char* filename, in char* mode, FILE* stream);

///
void setbuf(FILE* stream, char* buf);
///
int  setvbuf(FILE* stream, char* buf, int mode, size_t size);

version (MinGW)
{
    // Prefer the MinGW versions over the MSVC ones, as the latter don't handle
    // reals at all.
    ///
    int __mingw_fprintf(FILE* stream, in char* format, ...);
    ///
    alias __mingw_fprintf fprintf;

    ///
    int __mingw_fscanf(FILE* stream, in char* format, ...);
    ///
    alias __mingw_fscanf fscanf;

    ///
    int __mingw_sprintf(char* s, in char* format, ...);
    ///
    alias __mingw_sprintf sprintf;

    ///
    int __mingw_sscanf(in char* s, in char* format, ...);
    ///
    alias __mingw_sscanf sscanf;

    ///
    int __mingw_vfprintf(FILE* stream, in char* format, va_list arg);
    ///
    alias __mingw_vfprintf vfprintf;

    ///
    int __mingw_vfscanf(FILE* stream, in char* format, va_list arg);
    ///
    alias __mingw_vfscanf vfscanf;

    ///
    int __mingw_vsprintf(char* s, in char* format, va_list arg);
    ///
    alias __mingw_vsprintf vsprintf;

    ///
    int __mingw_vsscanf(in char* s, in char* format, va_list arg);
    ///
    alias __mingw_vsscanf vsscanf;

    ///
    int __mingw_vprintf(in char* format, va_list arg);
    ///
    alias __mingw_vprintf vprintf;

    ///
    int __mingw_vscanf(in char* format, va_list arg);
    ///
    alias __mingw_vscanf vscanf;

    ///
    int __mingw_printf(in char* format, ...);
    ///
    alias __mingw_printf printf;

    ///
    int __mingw_scanf(in char* format, ...);
    ///
    alias __mingw_scanf scanf;
}
else
{
    ///
    int fprintf(FILE* stream, in char* format, ...);
    ///
    int fscanf(FILE* stream, in char* format, ...);
    ///
    int sprintf(char* s, in char* format, ...);
    ///
    int sscanf(in char* s, in char* format, ...);
    ///
    int vfprintf(FILE* stream, in char* format, va_list arg);
    ///
    int vfscanf(FILE* stream, in char* format, va_list arg);
    ///
    int vsprintf(char* s, in char* format, va_list arg);
    ///
    int vsscanf(in char* s, in char* format, va_list arg);
    ///
    int vprintf(in char* format, va_list arg);
    ///
    int vscanf(in char* format, va_list arg);
    ///
    int printf(in char* format, ...);
    ///
    int scanf(in char* format, ...);
}

// No unsafe pointer manipulation.
@trusted
{
    ///
    int fgetc(FILE* stream);
    ///
    int fputc(int c, FILE* stream);
}

///
char* fgets(char* s, int n, FILE* stream);
///
int   fputs(in char* s, FILE* stream);
///
char* gets(char* s);
///
int   puts(in char* s);

// No unsafe pointer manipulation.
extern (D) @trusted
{
    ///
    int getchar()                 { return getc(stdin);     }
    ///
    int putchar(int c)            { return putc(c,stdout);  }
    ///
    int getc(FILE* stream)        { return fgetc(stream);   }
    ///
    int putc(int c, FILE* stream) { return fputc(c,stream); }
}

///
@trusted int ungetc(int c, FILE* stream); // No unsafe pointer manipulation.

///
size_t fread(void* ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE* stream);
///
size_t fwrite(in void* ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE* stream);

// No unsafe pointer manipulation.
@trusted
{
    ///
    int fgetpos(FILE* stream, fpos_t * pos);
    ///
    int fsetpos(FILE* stream, in fpos_t* pos);

    ///
    int    fseek(FILE* stream, c_long offset, int whence);
    ///
    c_long ftell(FILE* stream);
}

version( MinGW )
{
  // No unsafe pointer manipulation.
  extern (D) @trusted
  {
      ///
    void rewind(FILE* stream)   { fseek(stream,0L,SEEK_SET); stream._flag = stream._flag & ~_IOERR; }
    ///
    pure void clearerr(FILE* stream) { stream._flag = stream._flag & ~(_IOERR|_IOEOF);                 }
    ///
    pure int  feof(FILE* stream)     { return stream._flag&_IOEOF;                       }
    ///
    pure int  ferror(FILE* stream)   { return stream._flag&_IOERR;                       }
  }
  ///
    int   __mingw_snprintf(char* s, size_t n, in char* fmt, ...);
    ///
    alias __mingw_snprintf _snprintf;
    ///
    alias __mingw_snprintf snprintf;

    ///
    int   __mingw_vsnprintf(char* s, size_t n, in char* format, va_list arg);
    ///
    alias __mingw_vsnprintf _vsnprintf;
    ///
    alias __mingw_vsnprintf vsnprintf;
}
else version( CRuntime_DigitalMars )
{
  // No unsafe pointer manipulation.
  extern (D) @trusted
  {
      ///
    void rewind(FILE* stream)   { fseek(stream,0L,SEEK_SET); stream._flag= stream._flag & ~_IOERR; }
    ///
    pure void clearerr(FILE* stream) { stream._flag = stream._flag & ~(_IOERR|_IOEOF);                 }
    ///
    pure int  feof(FILE* stream)     { return stream._flag&_IOEOF;                       }
    ///
    pure int  ferror(FILE* stream)   { return stream._flag&_IOERR;                       }
    ///
    pure int  fileno(FILE* stream)   { return stream._file;                              }
  }
  ///
    int   _snprintf(char* s, size_t n, in char* fmt, ...);
    ///
    alias _snprintf snprintf;

    ///
    int   _vsnprintf(char* s, size_t n, in char* format, va_list arg);
    ///
    alias _vsnprintf vsnprintf;
}
else version( CRuntime_Microsoft )
{
  // No unsafe pointer manipulation.
  @trusted
  {
      ///
    void rewind(FILE* stream);
    ///
    pure void clearerr(FILE* stream);
    ///
    pure int  feof(FILE* stream);
    ///
    pure int  ferror(FILE* stream);
    ///
    pure int  fileno(FILE* stream);
  }

  ///
    int _snprintf(char* s, size_t n, in char* format, ...);
    ///
    int  snprintf(char* s, size_t n, in char* format, ...);

    ///
    int _vsnprintf(char* s, size_t n, in char* format, va_list arg);
    ///
    int  vsnprintf(char* s, size_t n, in char* format, va_list arg);

    ///
    int _fputc_nolock(int c, FILE *fp);
    ///
    int _fgetc_nolock(FILE *fp);

    ///
    int _lock_file(FILE *fp);
    ///
    int _unlock_file(FILE *fp);

    ///
    intptr_t _get_osfhandle(int fd);
    ///
    int _open_osfhandle(intptr_t osfhandle, int flags);
}
else version( CRuntime_Glibc )
{
  // No unsafe pointer manipulation.
  @trusted
  {
      ///
    void rewind(FILE* stream);
    ///
    pure void clearerr(FILE* stream);
    ///
    pure int  feof(FILE* stream);
    ///
    pure int  ferror(FILE* stream);
    ///
    int  fileno(FILE *);
  }

  ///
    int  snprintf(char* s, size_t n, in char* format, ...);
    ///
    int  vsnprintf(char* s, size_t n, in char* format, va_list arg);
}
else version( OSX )
{
  // No unsafe pointer manipulation.
  @trusted
  {
      ///
    void rewind(FILE*);
    ///
    pure void clearerr(FILE*);
    ///
    pure int  feof(FILE*);
    ///
    pure int  ferror(FILE*);
    ///
    int  fileno(FILE*);
  }

  ///
    int  snprintf(char* s, size_t n, in char* format, ...);
    ///
    int  vsnprintf(char* s, size_t n, in char* format, va_list arg);
}
else version( FreeBSD )
{
  // No unsafe pointer manipulation.
  @trusted
  {
      ///
    void rewind(FILE*);
    ///
    pure void clearerr(FILE*);
    ///
    pure int  feof(FILE*);
    ///
    pure int  ferror(FILE*);
    ///
    int  fileno(FILE*);
  }

  ///
    int  snprintf(char* s, size_t n, in char* format, ...);
    ///
    int  vsnprintf(char* s, size_t n, in char* format, va_list arg);
}
else version (Solaris)
{
  // No unsafe pointer manipulation.
  @trusted
  {
      ///
    void rewind(FILE*);
    ///
    pure void clearerr(FILE*);
    ///
    pure int  feof(FILE*);
    ///
    pure int  ferror(FILE*);
    ///
    int  fileno(FILE*);
  }

  ///
    int  snprintf(char* s, size_t n, in char* format, ...);
    ///
    int  vsnprintf(char* s, size_t n, in char* format, va_list arg);
}
else version( CRuntime_Bionic )
{
  // No unsafe pointer manipulation.
  @trusted
  {
      ///
    void rewind(FILE*);
    ///
    pure void clearerr(FILE*);
    ///
    pure int  feof(FILE*);
    ///
    pure int  ferror(FILE*);
    ///
    int  fileno(FILE*);
  }

  ///
    int  snprintf(char* s, size_t n, in char* format, ...);
    ///
    int  vsnprintf(char* s, size_t n, in char* format, va_list arg);
}
else
{
    static assert( false, "Unsupported platform" );
}

///
void perror(in char* s);

version(CRuntime_DigitalMars)
{
    import core.sys.windows.windows;

    enum
    {
        ///
        FHND_APPEND     = 0x04,
        ///
        FHND_DEVICE     = 0x08,
        ///
        FHND_TEXT       = 0x10,
        ///
        FHND_BYTE       = 0x20,
        ///
        FHND_WCHAR      = 0x40,
    }

    private enum _MAX_SEMAPHORES = 10 + _NFILE;
    private enum _semIO = 3;

    private extern __gshared short[_MAX_SEMAPHORES] _iSemLockCtrs;
    private extern __gshared int[_MAX_SEMAPHORES] _iSemThreadIds;
    private extern __gshared int[_MAX_SEMAPHORES] _iSemNestCount;
    private extern __gshared HANDLE[_NFILE] _osfhnd;
    extern shared ubyte[_NFILE] __fhnd_info;

    private void _WaitSemaphore(int iSemaphore);
    private void _ReleaseSemaphore(int iSemaphore);

    // this is copied from semlock.h in DMC's runtime.
    private void LockSemaphore(uint num)
    {
        asm nothrow @nogc
        {
            mov EDX, num;
            lock;
            inc _iSemLockCtrs[EDX * 2];
            jz lsDone;
            push EDX;
            call _WaitSemaphore;
            add ESP, 4;
        }

    lsDone: {}
    }

    // this is copied from semlock.h in DMC's runtime.
    private void UnlockSemaphore(uint num)
    {
        asm nothrow @nogc
        {
            mov EDX, num;
            lock;
            dec _iSemLockCtrs[EDX * 2];
            js usDone;
            push EDX;
            call _ReleaseSemaphore;
            add ESP, 4;
        }

    usDone: {}
    }

    // This converts a HANDLE to a file descriptor in DMC's runtime
    ///
    int _handleToFD(HANDLE h, int flags)
    {
        LockSemaphore(_semIO);
        scope(exit) UnlockSemaphore(_semIO);

        foreach (fd; 0 .. _NFILE)
        {
            if (!_osfhnd[fd])
            {
                _osfhnd[fd] = h;
                __fhnd_info[fd] = cast(ubyte)flags;
                return fd;
            }
        }

        return -1;
    }

    ///
    HANDLE _fdToHandle(int fd)
    {
        // no semaphore is required, once inserted, a file descriptor
        // doesn't change.
        if (fd < 0 || fd >= _NFILE)
            return null;

        return _osfhnd[fd];
    }

    enum
    {
        ///
        STDIN_FILENO  = 0,
        ///
        STDOUT_FILENO = 1,
        ///
        STDERR_FILENO = 2,
    }

    int open(const(char)* filename, int flags, ...); ///
    alias _open = open; ///
    int _wopen(const wchar* filename, int oflag, ...); ///
    int sopen(const char* filename, int oflag, int shflag, ...); ///
    alias _sopen = sopen; ///
    int _wsopen(const wchar* filename, int oflag, int shflag, ...); ///
    int close(int fd); ///
    alias _close = close; ///
    FILE *fdopen(int fd, const(char)* flags); ///
    alias _fdopen = fdopen; ///
    FILE *_wfdopen(int fd, const(wchar)* flags); ///

}
else version (CRuntime_Microsoft)
{
    int _open(const char* filename, int oflag, ...); ///
    int _wopen(const wchar* filename, int oflag, ...); ///
    int _sopen(const char* filename, int oflag, int shflag, ...); ///
    int _wsopen(const wchar* filename, int oflag, int shflag, ...); ///
    int _close(int fd); ///
    FILE *_fdopen(int fd, const(char)* flags); ///
    FILE *_wfdopen(int fd, const(wchar)* flags); ///
}

version (Windows)
{
    // file open flags
    enum
    {
        _O_RDONLY = 0x0000, ///
        O_RDONLY = _O_RDONLY, ///
        _O_WRONLY = 0x0001, ///
        O_WRONLY = _O_WRONLY, ///
        _O_RDWR   = 0x0002, ///
        O_RDWR = _O_RDWR, ///
        _O_APPEND = 0x0008, ///
        O_APPEND = _O_APPEND, ///
        _O_CREAT  = 0x0100, ///
        O_CREAT = _O_CREAT, ///
        _O_TRUNC  = 0x0200, ///
        O_TRUNC = _O_TRUNC, ///
        _O_EXCL   = 0x0400, ///
        O_EXCL = _O_EXCL, ///
        _O_TEXT   = 0x4000, ///
        O_TEXT = _O_TEXT, ///
        _O_BINARY = 0x8000, ///
        O_BINARY = _O_BINARY, ///
    }

    enum
    {
        _S_IREAD  = 0x0100, /// read permission, owner
        S_IREAD = _S_IREAD, /// read permission, owner
        _S_IWRITE = 0x0080, /// write permission, owner
        S_IWRITE = _S_IWRITE, /// write permission, owner
    }

    enum
    {
        _SH_DENYRW = 0x10, /// deny read/write mode
        SH_DENYRW = _SH_DENYRW, /// deny read/write mode
        _SH_DENYWR = 0x20, /// deny write mode
        SH_DENYWR = _SH_DENYWR, /// deny write mode
        _SH_DENYRD = 0x30, /// deny read mode
        SH_DENYRD = _SH_DENYRD, /// deny read mode
        _SH_DENYNO = 0x40, /// deny none mode
        SH_DENYNO = _SH_DENYNO, /// deny none mode
    }
}