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socket.d
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socket.d
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// Written in the D programming language
/*
Copyright (C) 2004-2005 Christopher E. Miller
This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
arising from the use of this software.
Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
freely, subject to the following restrictions:
1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
appreciated but is not required.
2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not
be misrepresented as being the original software.
3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source
distribution.
socket.d 1.3
Jan 2005
Thanks to Benjamin Herr for his assistance.
*/
/**
* Notes: For Win32 systems, link with ws2_32.lib.
* Example: See /dmd/samples/d/listener.d.
* Authors: Christopher E. Miller, $(WEB klickverbot.at, David Nadlinger)
* Source: $(PHOBOSSRC std/_socket.d)
* Macros:
* WIKI=Phobos/StdSocket
*/
module std.socket;
import core.stdc.stdint, std.string, std.c.string, std.c.stdlib, std.conv,
std.traits;
import core.time : dur, Duration;
import std.algorithm : max;
import std.exception : assumeUnique, enforce;
version(unittest)
{
private import std.c.stdio : printf;
}
version(Posix)
{
version = BsdSockets;
}
version(Win32)
{
pragma (lib, "ws2_32.lib");
pragma (lib, "wsock32.lib");
private import std.c.windows.windows, std.c.windows.winsock;
private alias std.c.windows.winsock.timeval _ctimeval;
typedef SOCKET socket_t = INVALID_SOCKET;
private const int _SOCKET_ERROR = SOCKET_ERROR;
private int _lasterr()
{
return WSAGetLastError();
}
}
else version(BsdSockets)
{
version(Posix)
{
version(linux)
import std.c.linux.socket : AF_IPX, AF_APPLETALK, SOCK_RDM,
IPPROTO_IGMP, IPPROTO_GGP, IPPROTO_PUP, IPPROTO_IDP,
SD_RECEIVE, SD_SEND, SD_BOTH, MSG_NOSIGNAL, INADDR_NONE;
else version(OSX)
private import std.c.osx.socket;
else version(FreeBSD)
{
import core.sys.posix.sys.socket;
import core.sys.posix.sys.select;
import std.c.freebsd.socket;
private enum SD_RECEIVE = SHUT_RD;
private enum SD_SEND = SHUT_WR;
private enum SD_BOTH = SHUT_RDWR;
}
else
static assert(false);
import core.sys.posix.netdb;
private import core.sys.posix.fcntl;
private import core.sys.posix.unistd;
private import core.sys.posix.arpa.inet;
private import core.sys.posix.netinet.tcp;
private import core.sys.posix.netinet.in_;
private import core.sys.posix.sys.time;
//private import core.sys.posix.sys.select;
private import core.sys.posix.sys.socket;
private alias core.sys.posix.sys.time.timeval _ctimeval;
}
private import core.stdc.errno;
typedef int32_t socket_t = -1;
private const int _SOCKET_ERROR = -1;
private int _lasterr()
{
return errno;
}
}
else
{
static assert(0); // No socket support yet.
}
/// Base exception thrown from a Socket.
class SocketException: Exception
{
int errorCode; /// Platform-specific error code.
this(string msg, int err = 0)
{
errorCode = err;
version(Posix)
{
if(errorCode > 0)
{
char[80] buf;
const(char)* cs;
version (linux)
{
cs = strerror_r(errorCode, buf.ptr, buf.length);
}
else version (OSX)
{
auto errs = strerror_r(errorCode, buf.ptr, buf.length);
if (errs == 0)
cs = buf.ptr;
else
{
cs = "Unknown error";
}
}
else version (FreeBSD)
{
auto errs = strerror_r(errorCode, buf.ptr, buf.length);
if (errs == 0)
cs = buf.ptr;
else
{
cs = "Unknown error";
}
}
else
{
static assert(0);
}
auto len = strlen(cs);
if(cs[len - 1] == '\n')
len--;
if(cs[len - 1] == '\r')
len--;
msg = cast(string) (msg ~ ": " ~ cs[0 .. len]);
}
}
super(msg);
}
}
private __gshared typeof(&getnameinfo) getnameinfoPointer;
shared static this()
{
version(Win32)
{
WSADATA wd;
// Winsock will still load if an older version is present.
// The version is just a request.
int val;
val = WSAStartup(0x2020, &wd);
if(val) // Request Winsock 2.2 for IPv6.
throw new SocketException("Unable to initialize socket library", val);
// See the comment in InternetAddress.toHostNameString() for
// details on the getnameinfo() issue.
auto ws2Lib = GetModuleHandleA("ws2_32.dll");
if (ws2Lib)
{
getnameinfoPointer = cast(typeof(getnameinfoPointer))
GetProcAddress(ws2Lib, "getnameinfo");
}
}
else version(Posix)
{
getnameinfoPointer = &getnameinfo;
}
}
shared static ~this()
{
version(Win32)
{
WSACleanup();
}
}
/**
* The communication domain used to resolve an address.
*/
enum AddressFamily: int
{
UNSPEC = AF_UNSPEC, ///
UNIX = AF_UNIX, /// local communication
INET = AF_INET, /// internet protocol version 4
IPX = AF_IPX, /// novell IPX
APPLETALK = AF_APPLETALK, /// appletalk
INET6 = AF_INET6, // internet protocol version 6
}
/**
* Communication semantics
*/
enum SocketType: int
{
STREAM = SOCK_STREAM, /// sequenced, reliable, two-way communication-based byte streams
DGRAM = SOCK_DGRAM, /// connectionless, unreliable datagrams with a fixed maximum length; data may be lost or arrive out of order
RAW = SOCK_RAW, /// raw protocol access
RDM = SOCK_RDM, /// reliably-delivered message datagrams
SEQPACKET = SOCK_SEQPACKET, /// sequenced, reliable, two-way connection-based datagrams with a fixed maximum length
}
/**
* Protocol
*/
enum ProtocolType: int
{
IP = IPPROTO_IP, /// internet protocol version 4
ICMP = IPPROTO_ICMP, /// internet control message protocol
IGMP = IPPROTO_IGMP, /// internet group management protocol
GGP = IPPROTO_GGP, /// gateway to gateway protocol
TCP = IPPROTO_TCP, /// transmission control protocol
PUP = IPPROTO_PUP, /// PARC universal packet protocol
UDP = IPPROTO_UDP, /// user datagram protocol
IDP = IPPROTO_IDP, /// Xerox NS protocol
IPV6 = IPPROTO_IPV6, /// internet protocol version 6
}
/**
* Protocol is a class for retrieving protocol information.
*/
class Protocol
{
ProtocolType type; /// These members are populated when one of the following functions are called without failure:
string name; /// ditto
string[] aliases; /// ditto
void populate(protoent* proto)
{
type = cast(ProtocolType)proto.p_proto;
name = to!string(proto.p_name).idup;
int i;
for(i = 0;; i++)
{
if(!proto.p_aliases[i])
break;
}
if(i)
{
aliases = new string[i];
for(i = 0; i != aliases.length; i++)
{
aliases[i] =
to!string(proto.p_aliases[i]).idup;
}
}
else
{
aliases = null;
}
}
/** Returns false on failure */
bool getProtocolByName(string name)
{
protoent* proto;
proto = getprotobyname(toStringz(name));
if(!proto)
return false;
populate(proto);
return true;
}
/** Returns false on failure */
// Same as getprotobynumber().
bool getProtocolByType(ProtocolType type)
{
protoent* proto;
proto = getprotobynumber(type);
if(!proto)
return false;
populate(proto);
return true;
}
}
unittest
{
Protocol proto = new Protocol;
version (Windows)
{
// These fail, don't know why
pragma(msg, " --- std.socket(" ~ __LINE__.stringof ~ ") broken test ---");
}
else
{
assert(proto.getProtocolByType(ProtocolType.TCP));
//printf("About protocol TCP:\n\tName: %.*s\n", proto.name);
// foreach(string s; proto.aliases)
// {
// printf("\tAlias: %.*s\n", s);
// }
assert(proto.name == "tcp");
assert(proto.aliases.length == 1 && proto.aliases[0] == "TCP");
}
}
/**
* Service is a class for retrieving service information.
*/
class Service
{
/** These members are populated when one of the following functions are called without failure: */
string name;
string[] aliases; /// ditto
ushort port; /// ditto
string protocolName; /// ditto
void populate(servent* serv)
{
name = to!string(serv.s_name);
port = ntohs(cast(ushort)serv.s_port);
protocolName = to!string(serv.s_proto);
int i;
for(i = 0;; i++)
{
if(!serv.s_aliases[i])
break;
}
if(i)
{
aliases = new string[i];
for(i = 0; i != aliases.length; i++)
{
aliases[i] =
to!string(serv.s_aliases[i]).idup;
}
}
else
{
aliases = null;
}
}
/**
* If a protocol name is omitted, any protocol will be matched.
* Returns: false on failure.
*/
bool getServiceByName(string name, string protocolName)
{
servent* serv;
serv = getservbyname(toStringz(name), toStringz(protocolName));
if(!serv)
return false;
populate(serv);
return true;
}
// Any protocol name will be matched.
/// ditto
bool getServiceByName(string name)
{
servent* serv;
serv = getservbyname(toStringz(name), null);
if(!serv)
return false;
populate(serv);
return true;
}
/// ditto
bool getServiceByPort(ushort port, string protocolName)
{
servent* serv;
serv = getservbyport(port, toStringz(protocolName));
if(!serv)
return false;
populate(serv);
return true;
}
// Any protocol name will be matched.
/// ditto
bool getServiceByPort(ushort port)
{
servent* serv;
serv = getservbyport(port, null);
if(!serv)
return false;
populate(serv);
return true;
}
}
unittest
{
Service serv = new Service;
if(serv.getServiceByName("epmap", "tcp"))
{
// printf("About service epmap:\n\tService: %.*s\n"
// "\tPort: %d\n\tProtocol: %.*s\n",
// serv.name, serv.port, serv.protocolName);
// foreach(string s; serv.aliases)
// {
// printf("\tAlias: %.*s\n", s);
// }
// For reasons unknown this is loc-srv on Wine and epmap on Windows
assert(serv.name == "loc-srv" || serv.name == "epmap", serv.name);
assert(serv.port == 135);
assert(serv.protocolName == "tcp");
// This assert used to pass, don't know why it fails now
//assert(serv.aliases.length == 1 && serv.aliases[0] == "epmap");
}
else
{
printf("No service for epmap.\n");
}
}
/**
* Base exception thrown from an InternetHost.
*/
class HostException: Exception
{
int errorCode; /// Platform-specific error code.
this(string msg, int err = 0)
{
errorCode = err;
super(msg);
}
}
/**
* InternetHost is a class for resolving IPv4 addresses.
*/
class InternetHost
{
/** These members are populated when one of the following functions are called without failure: */
string name;
string[] aliases; /// ditto
uint32_t[] addrList; /// ditto
void validHostent(hostent* he)
{
if(he.h_addrtype != cast(int)AddressFamily.INET || he.h_length != 4)
throw new HostException("Address family mismatch", _lasterr());
}
void populate(hostent* he)
{
int i;
char* p;
name = to!string(he.h_name).idup;
for(i = 0;; i++)
{
p = he.h_aliases[i];
if(!p)
break;
}
if(i)
{
aliases = new string[i];
for(i = 0; i != aliases.length; i++)
{
aliases[i] =
to!string(he.h_aliases[i]).idup;
}
}
else
{
aliases = null;
}
for(i = 0;; i++)
{
p = he.h_addr_list[i];
if(!p)
break;
}
if(i)
{
addrList = new uint32_t[i];
for(i = 0; i != addrList.length; i++)
{
addrList[i] = ntohl(*(cast(uint32_t*)he.h_addr_list[i]));
}
}
else
{
addrList = null;
}
}
/**
* Resolve host name. Returns false if unable to resolve.
*/
bool getHostByName(string name)
{
version(Windows)
{
// TODO gethostbyname is deprecated in windows, use getaddrinfo
auto he = gethostbyname(toStringz(name));
if(!he)
return false;
validHostent(he);
populate(he);
}
else
{
// posix systems use global state for return value, so we
// must synchronize across all threads
synchronized(this.classinfo)
{
auto he = gethostbyname(toStringz(name));
if(!he)
return false;
validHostent(he);
populate(he);
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* Resolve IPv4 address number. Returns false if unable to resolve.
*
* Params:
* addr = The IPv4 address to resolve, in network byte order.
*/
bool getHostByAddr(uint addr)
{
uint x = htonl(addr);
version(Windows)
{
// TODO gethostbyaddr is deprecated in windows, use getnameinfo
auto he = gethostbyaddr(&x, 4, cast(int)AddressFamily.INET);
if(!he)
return false;
validHostent(he);
populate(he);
}
else
{
// posix systems use global state for return value, so we
// must synchronize across all threads
synchronized(this.classinfo)
{
auto he = gethostbyaddr(&x, 4, cast(int)AddressFamily.INET);
if(!he)
return false;
validHostent(he);
populate(he);
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* Same as previous, but addr is an IPv4 address string in the
* dotted-decimal form $(I a.b.c.d).
* Returns false if unable to resolve.
*/
bool getHostByAddr(string addr)
{
uint x = inet_addr(std.string.toStringz(addr));
version(Windows)
{
// TODO gethostbyaddr is deprecated in windows, use getnameinfo
auto he = gethostbyaddr(&x, 4, cast(int)AddressFamily.INET);
if(!he)
return false;
validHostent(he);
populate(he);
}
else
{
// posix systems use global state for return value, so we
// must synchronize across all threads
synchronized(this.classinfo)
{
auto he = gethostbyaddr(&x, 4, cast(int)AddressFamily.INET);
if(!he)
return false;
validHostent(he);
populate(he);
}
}
return true;
}
}
unittest
{
try
{
InternetHost ih = new InternetHost;
if (!ih.getHostByName("www.digitalmars.com"))
return; // don't fail if not connected to internet
//printf("addrList.length = %d\n", ih.addrList.length);
assert(ih.addrList.length);
InternetAddress ia = new InternetAddress(ih.addrList[0], InternetAddress.PORT_ANY);
assert(ih.name == "www.digitalmars.com" || ih.name == "digitalmars.com",
ih.name);
// printf("IP address = %.*s\nname = %.*s\n", ia.toAddrString(), ih.name);
// foreach(int i, string s; ih.aliases)
// {
// printf("aliases[%d] = %.*s\n", i, s);
// }
// printf("---\n");
assert(ih.getHostByAddr(ih.addrList[0]));
// printf("name = %.*s\n", ih.name);
// foreach(int i, string s; ih.aliases)
// {
// printf("aliases[%d] = %.*s\n", i, s);
// }
}
catch (Throwable e)
{
// Test fails or succeeds depending on environment!
printf(" --- std.socket(%u) broken test ---\n", __LINE__);
printf(" (%.*s)\n", e.toString());
}
}
/**
* Base exception thrown from an Address.
*/
class AddressException: Exception
{
this(string msg)
{
super(msg);
}
}
/**
* Address is an abstract class for representing a network addresses.
*/
abstract class Address
{
protected sockaddr* name();
protected int nameLen();
AddressFamily addressFamily(); /// Family of this address.
override string toString(); /// Human readable string representing this address.
}
/**
*
*/
class UnknownAddress: Address
{
protected:
sockaddr sa;
override sockaddr* name()
{
return &sa;
}
override int nameLen()
{
return sa.sizeof;
}
public:
override AddressFamily addressFamily()
{
return cast(AddressFamily)sa.sa_family;
}
override string toString()
{
return "Unknown";
}
}
/**
* InternetAddress is a class that represents an IPv4 (internet protocol version
* 4) address and port.
*/
class InternetAddress: Address
{
protected:
sockaddr_in sin;
override sockaddr* name()
{
return cast(sockaddr*)&sin;
}
override int nameLen()
{
return sin.sizeof;
}
this()
{
}
public:
enum uint ADDR_ANY = INADDR_ANY; /// Any IPv4 address number.
enum uint ADDR_NONE = INADDR_NONE; /// An invalid IPv4 address number.
enum ushort PORT_ANY = 0; /// Any IPv4 port number.
/// Overridden to return AddressFamily.INET.
override AddressFamily addressFamily()
{
return cast(AddressFamily)AddressFamily.INET;
}
/// Returns the IPv4 port number.
ushort port()
{
return ntohs(sin.sin_port);
}
/// Returns the IPv4 address number.
uint addr()
{
return ntohl(sin.sin_addr.s_addr);
}
/**
* Params:
* addr = an IPv4 address string in the dotted-decimal form a.b.c.d,
* or a host name that will be resolved using an InternetHost
* object.
* port = may be PORT_ANY as stated below.
*/
this(string addr, ushort port)
{
uint uiaddr = parse(addr);
if(ADDR_NONE == uiaddr)
{
InternetHost ih = new InternetHost;
if(!ih.getHostByName(addr))
//throw new AddressException("Invalid internet address");
throw new AddressException(
"Unable to resolve host '" ~ addr ~ "'");
uiaddr = ih.addrList[0];
}
sin.sin_family = AddressFamily.INET;
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(uiaddr);
sin.sin_port = htons(port);
}
/**
* Construct a new Address. addr may be ADDR_ANY (default) and port may
* be PORT_ANY, and the actual numbers may not be known until a connection
* is made.
*/
this(uint addr, ushort port)
{
sin.sin_family = AddressFamily.INET;
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(addr);
sin.sin_port = htons(port);
}
/// ditto
this(ushort port)
{
sin.sin_family = AddressFamily.INET;
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = 0; //any, "0.0.0.0"
sin.sin_port = htons(port);
}
/// Human readable string representing the IPv4 address in dotted-decimal form.
string toAddrString()
{
return to!string(inet_ntoa(sin.sin_addr)).idup;
}
/// Human readable string representing the IPv4 port.
string toPortString()
{
return std.conv.to!string(port());
}
/*
* Returns the host name as a fully qualified domain name, if
* available, or the IP address in dotted-decimal notation otherwise.
*/
string toHostNameString()
{
// getnameinfo() is the recommended way to perform a reverse (name)
// lookup on both Posix and Windows. However, it is only available
// on Windows XP and above, and not included with the WinSock import
// libraries shipped with DMD. Thus, we check for getnameinfo at
// runtime in the shared module constructor, and fall back to the
// deprecated getHostByAddr() if it could not be found. See also:
// http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa450403.aspx
if (getnameinfoPointer is null)
{
auto host = new InternetHost();
enforce(host.getHostByAddr(sin.sin_addr.s_addr),
new SocketException("Could not get host name."));
return host.name;
}
auto buf = new char[NI_MAXHOST];
auto rc = getnameinfoPointer(cast(sockaddr*)&sin, sin.sizeof,
buf.ptr, cast(uint)buf.length, null, 0, 0);
enforce(rc == 0, new SocketException(
"Could not get host name", _lasterr()));
return assumeUnique(buf[0 .. strlen(buf.ptr)]);
}
/// Human readable string representing the IPv4 address and port in the form $(I a.b.c.d:e).
override string toString()
{
return toAddrString() ~ ":" ~ toPortString();
}
/**
* Parse an IPv4 address string in the dotted-decimal form $(I a.b.c.d)
* and return the number.
* If the string is not a legitimate IPv4 address,
* ADDR_NONE is returned.
*/
static uint parse(string addr)
{
return ntohl(inet_addr(std.string.toStringz(addr)));
}
}
unittest
{
try
{
InternetAddress ia = new InternetAddress("63.105.9.61", 80);
assert(ia.toString() == "63.105.9.61:80");
}
catch (Throwable e)
{
printf(" --- std.socket(%u) broken test ---\n", __LINE__);
printf(" (%.*s)\n", e.toString());
}
}
/** */
class SocketAcceptException: SocketException
{
this(string msg, int err = 0)
{
super(msg, err);
}
}
/// How a socket is shutdown:
enum SocketShutdown: int
{
RECEIVE = SD_RECEIVE, /// socket receives are disallowed
SEND = SD_SEND, /// socket sends are disallowed
BOTH = SD_BOTH, /// both RECEIVE and SEND
}
/// Flags may be OR'ed together:
enum SocketFlags: int
{
NONE = 0, /// no flags specified
OOB = MSG_OOB, /// out-of-band stream data
PEEK = MSG_PEEK, /// peek at incoming data without removing it from the queue, only for receiving
DONTROUTE = MSG_DONTROUTE, /// data should not be subject to routing; this flag may be ignored. Only for sending
NOSIGNAL = MSG_NOSIGNAL, /// don't send SIGPIPE signal on socket write error and instead return EPIPE
}
/// Duration timeout value.
extern(C) struct timeval
{
// D interface
int seconds; /// Number of seconds.
int microseconds; /// Number of additional microseconds.
// C interface
deprecated
{
alias seconds tv_sec;
alias microseconds tv_usec;
}
}
/// A collection of sockets for use with Socket.select.
class SocketSet
{
private:
uint maxsockets; /// max desired sockets, the fd_set might be capable of holding more
fd_set set;
version(Win32)
{
uint count()
{
return set.fd_count;
}
}
else version(BsdSockets)
{
int maxfd;
uint count;
}
public:
/// Set the maximum amount of sockets that may be added.
this(uint max)
{
maxsockets = max;
reset();
}
/// Uses the default maximum for the system.
this()
{
this(FD_SETSIZE);
}
/// Reset the SocketSet so that there are 0 Sockets in the collection.
void reset()