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plan_memory.cc
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plan_memory.cc
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/*!
* Copyright (c) 2016 by Contributors
* \file plan_memory.cc
* \brief Assign memory tag to each of the data entries.
*/
#include <nnvm/graph.h>
#include <nnvm/pass.h>
#include <nnvm/graph_attr_types.h>
#include <nnvm/op_attr_types.h>
#include <memory>
#include "./graph_algorithm.h"
namespace nnvm {
namespace pass {
namespace {
// simple graph based allocator.
class GraphAllocator {
public:
// storage id equals integer.
using StorageID = int;
// bad storage id
static const StorageID kBadStorageID = -1;
// external storage id
static const StorageID kExternalStorageID = -2;
// dynamic storage id
static const StorageID kDynamicStorageID = -3;
// request a free storage
StorageID Request(int dev_id, int dtype, TShape shape, uint32_t node_id) {
if (shape.ndim() == 0) return kBadStorageID;
// search memory block in [size / match_range_, size * match_range_)
// TODO(tqchen) add size of the dtype, assume 4 bytes for now
size_t size = shape.Size() * 4;
if (match_range_ == 0) return this->Alloc(dev_id, size);
auto begin = free_.lower_bound(size / match_range_);
auto mid = free_.lower_bound(size);
auto end = free_.upper_bound(size * match_range_);
// search for memory blocks larger than requested
for (auto it = mid; it != end; ++it) {
StorageEntry *e = it->second;
if (e->device_id != dev_id) continue;
if (node_color_.size() != 0 &&
node_color_[e->released_by_node] != node_color_[node_id]) continue;
// Use exect matching strategy
e->max_bytes = std::max(size, e->max_bytes);
// find a exact match, erase from map and return
free_.erase(it);
return e->id;
}
// then search for memory blocks smaller than requested space
for (auto it = mid; it != begin;) {
--it;
StorageEntry *e = it->second;
if (e->device_id != dev_id) continue;
if (node_color_.size() != 0 &&
node_color_[e->released_by_node] != node_color_[node_id]) continue;
// Use exect matching strategy
e->max_bytes = std::max(size, e->max_bytes);
// erase from map and return
free_.erase(it);
return e->id;
}
// cannot find anything return a new one.
return this->Alloc(dev_id, size);
}
// release a memory space.
void Release(StorageID id, uint32_t node_id) {
CHECK_NE(id, kBadStorageID);
if (id == kExternalStorageID || id == kDynamicStorageID) return;
StorageEntry *e = data_[id].get();
e->released_by_node = node_id;
free_.insert({e->max_bytes, e});
}
// totoal number of bytes allocated
size_t TotalAllocBytes() const {
size_t total = 0;
for (auto &p : data_) {
total += p->max_bytes;
}
return total;
}
// constructor
explicit GraphAllocator(const IndexedGraph* idx, const size_t match_range) : idx_(idx) {
this->Init(match_range, dmlc::GetEnv("NNVM_EXEC_NUM_TEMP", 1));
}
private:
// initialize the graph allocator
void Init(const size_t match_range, const uint32_t num_match_color) {
match_range_ = match_range;
num_match_color_ = num_match_color;
if (num_match_color_ > 1) {
std::vector<uint32_t> importance(idx_->num_nodes(), 0);
for (uint32_t nid = 0; nid < idx_->num_nodes(); ++nid) {
if ((*idx_)[nid].source->is_variable()) continue;
importance[nid] = 1;
}
num_match_color_ = pass::ColorNodeGroup(
*idx_, importance, num_match_color_, &node_color_);
}
}
StorageID Alloc(int dev_id, size_t size) {
StorageID id = static_cast<StorageID>(data_.size());
std::unique_ptr<StorageEntry> ptr(new StorageEntry());
ptr->id = id;
ptr->device_id = dev_id;
ptr->max_bytes = size;
data_.emplace_back(std::move(ptr));
return id;
}
// internal storage entry
struct StorageEntry {
// the id of the entry.
StorageID id;
// the device id of the storage.
int device_id;
// maximum size of storage requested.
size_t max_bytes{0};
// node index that released it last time
uint32_t released_by_node{0};
};
// scale used for rough match
size_t match_range_;
// whether use color based match algorithm
uint32_t num_match_color_{1};
// the size of each dtype
std::vector<size_t> dtype_size_dict_;
// free list of storage entry
std::multimap<size_t, StorageEntry*> free_;
// all the storage resources available
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<StorageEntry> > data_;
// color of nodes in the graph, used for auxiliary policy making.
std::vector<uint32_t> node_color_;
// internal indexed graph
const IndexedGraph* idx_;
};
/*
* Internal method to perform the memory allocation for a graph
* */
size_t AllocMemory(const Graph& ret, const IndexedGraph& idx,
const std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t>& node_range,
StorageVector* storage_ptr,
std::vector<int>* storage_inplace_index_ptr,
const std::vector<uint32_t>& entry_ref_count,
GraphAllocator* allocator) {
static auto& finplace_option = Op::GetAttr<FInplaceOption>("FInplaceOption");
static auto& finplace_identity = Op::GetAttr<FInplaceIdentity>("FInplaceIdentity");
static auto& fignore_inputs = Op::GetAttr<FIgnoreInputs>("FIgnoreInputs");
// Get reference
auto &storage = *storage_ptr;
auto &storage_inplace_index = *storage_inplace_index_ptr;
// Get attributes from the graph
const ShapeVector& shape_vec = ret.GetAttr<ShapeVector>("shape");
const DTypeVector& dtype_vec = ret.GetAttr<DTypeVector>("dtype");
const DeviceVector* device_vec = nullptr;
if (ret.attrs.count("device") != 0) {
device_vec = &(ret.GetAttr<DeviceVector>("device"));
}
size_t num_not_allocated = 0;
std::vector<GraphAllocator::StorageID> storage_ref_count(idx.num_node_entries(), 0);
for (uint32_t nid = node_range.first; nid < node_range.second; ++nid) {
const auto& inode = idx[nid];
if (inode.source->is_variable()) continue;
// check inplace option
if (finplace_option.count(inode.source->op()) != 0) {
auto inplace_pairs = finplace_option[inode.source->op()](inode.source->attrs);
std::vector<bool> identity;
if (finplace_identity.count(inode.source->op()) != 0) {
identity = finplace_identity[inode.source->op()](inode.source->attrs);
CHECK_EQ(identity.size(), inplace_pairs.size())
<< "FInplaceOption and FInplaceIdentity returned vectors of different "
<< "size for operator " << inode.source->op()->name;
} else {
identity = std::vector<bool>(inplace_pairs.size(), false);
}
std::vector<bool> taken(inode.inputs.size(), false);
for (size_t ipair = 0; ipair < inplace_pairs.size(); ++ipair) {
const auto& kv = inplace_pairs[ipair];
uint32_t eid_out = idx.entry_id(nid, kv.second);
uint32_t eid_in = idx.entry_id(inode.inputs[kv.first]);
auto sid_out = storage[eid_out];
auto sid_in = storage[eid_in];
bool ignore_all_inputs = (fignore_inputs.count(inode.source->op()) != 0 &&
fignore_inputs[inode.source->op()](
inode.source->attrs).size() == inode.source->num_inputs());
if (taken[kv.first] == false &&
sid_out == GraphAllocator::kBadStorageID &&
sid_in >= 0 &&
((storage_ref_count[sid_in] == 1 && !ignore_all_inputs) || identity[ipair]) &&
entry_ref_count[eid_out] > 0 &&
shape_vec[eid_out].Size() == shape_vec[eid_in].Size() &&
dtype_vec[eid_out] == dtype_vec[eid_in]) {
// inplace optimization
taken[kv.first] = true;
storage[eid_out] = sid_in;
// Reuse storage for output and add ref count of output
// to storage. This will get substracted later in free
// input section.
storage_ref_count[sid_in] += entry_ref_count[eid_out];
storage_inplace_index[eid_out] = kv.first;
}
}
}
// normal allocation
const int dev_id = (device_vec != nullptr) ? device_vec->at(nid) : 0;
// sort output nodes based on size before allocating output
std::multimap<size_t, uint32_t> eids;
for (uint32_t index = 0; index < inode.source->num_outputs(); ++index) {
uint32_t eid = idx.entry_id(nid, index);
// only request memory for kBadStorageID
if (storage[eid] == GraphAllocator::kBadStorageID) {
auto &eshape = shape_vec[eid];
size_t esize = 0;
if (eshape.ndim() != 0) esize = eshape.Size();
eids.insert(std::make_pair(esize, eid));
}
}
for (auto rit = eids.rbegin(); rit != eids.rend(); ++rit) {
uint32_t eid = rit->second;
auto sid = allocator->Request(dev_id, dtype_vec[eid], shape_vec[eid], nid);
if (sid >= 0) {
storage_ref_count[sid] = entry_ref_count[eid];
}
storage[eid] = sid;
}
// check if certain inputs is ignored.
std::vector<uint32_t> ignore_inputs;
if (fignore_inputs.count(inode.source->op()) != 0) {
ignore_inputs = fignore_inputs[inode.source->op()](inode.source->attrs);
std::sort(ignore_inputs.begin(), ignore_inputs.end());
}
// then free inputs
for (size_t i = 0; i < inode.inputs.size(); ++i) {
// ref counter of ignored input is already decreased.
if (std::binary_search(ignore_inputs.begin(), ignore_inputs.end(), i)) continue;
const auto& e = inode.inputs[i];
uint32_t eid = idx.entry_id(e);
auto sid = storage[eid];
// storage_ref_count == 0 means it is taken by inplace op
if (sid < 0) continue;
// if we decrease it to zero, means we are ready to relase
--storage_ref_count[sid];
if (storage_ref_count[sid] == 0) {
allocator->Release(sid, nid);
}
}
// check if there are outputs that can be freeded immediately
// these output are not referenced by any operator.
for (uint32_t index = 0; index < inode.source->num_outputs(); ++index) {
uint32_t eid = idx.entry_id(nid, index);
auto sid = storage[eid];
if (sid >= 0 && storage_ref_count[sid] == 0) {
allocator->Release(sid, nid);
// use -2 to indicate that the node was never touched.
storage_inplace_index[eid] = -2;
}
if (storage[eid] == GraphAllocator::kBadStorageID) {
++num_not_allocated;
}
}
}
return num_not_allocated;
}
// function to plan memory
Graph PlanMemory(Graph ret) {
// setup ref counter
const IndexedGraph& idx = ret.indexed_graph();
static auto& fignore_inputs = Op::GetAttr<FIgnoreInputs>("FIgnoreInputs");
std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t> node_range = {0, idx.num_nodes()};
if (ret.attrs.count("node_range")) {
node_range = ret.MoveCopyAttr<std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t> >("node_range");
}
// reference counter of each node
std::vector<uint32_t> ref_count;
// step 1: initialize reference count
if (ret.attrs.count("ref_count") != 0) {
ref_count = ret.MoveCopyAttr<std::vector<uint32_t> >("ref_count");
} else {
ref_count.resize(idx.num_node_entries(), 0);
for (uint32_t nid = 0; nid < idx.num_nodes(); ++nid) {
const auto& inode = idx[nid];
if (inode.source->is_variable()) continue;
for (const auto& e : inode.inputs) {
++ref_count[idx.entry_id(e)];
}
// no dataflow dependency is needed for those are ignored.
// revoke the dependency counter.
if (fignore_inputs.count(inode.source->op()) != 0) {
auto ignore_inputs = fignore_inputs[inode.source->op()](inode.source->attrs);
for (uint32_t i : ignore_inputs) {
--ref_count[idx.entry_id(inode.inputs[i])];
}
}
}
for (const auto& e : idx.outputs()) {
++ref_count[idx.entry_id(e)];
}
}
// step 2: allocate memory.
StorageVector storage;
if (ret.attrs.count("storage") != 0) {
storage = ret.MoveCopyAttr<StorageVector>("storage");
} else {
storage.resize(idx.num_node_entries(), -1);
}
// Search the best NNVM_EXEC_MATCH_RANGE parameter. This is turned off by default
size_t min_allocated_bytes = -1;
size_t max_match_range = dmlc::GetEnv("NNVM_EXEC_MATCH_RANGE", 16);
size_t min_match_range =
dmlc::GetEnv("NNVM_AUTO_SEARCH_MATCH_RANGE", false) ? 1 : max_match_range;
for (size_t match_range = min_match_range; match_range <= max_match_range; match_range *= 2) {
// Make a copy of related fields
StorageVector storage_vec(storage);
std::vector<int> storage_inplace_index(idx.num_node_entries(), -1);
// the allocator
GraphAllocator allocator(&idx, match_range);
// number of entries that are not statically allocated.
size_t storage_num_not_allocated =
AllocMemory(ret, idx, node_range, &storage_vec, &storage_inplace_index,
ref_count, &allocator);
size_t storage_allocated_bytes = allocator.TotalAllocBytes();
// Choose the plan which leads to minimal memory usage
if (min_allocated_bytes > storage_allocated_bytes) {
ret.attrs["storage_id"] = std::make_shared<any>(std::move(storage_vec));
ret.attrs["storage_inplace_index"] = std::make_shared<any>(std::move(storage_inplace_index));
ret.attrs["storage_allocated_bytes"] = std::make_shared<any>(storage_allocated_bytes);
ret.attrs["storage_num_not_allocated"] = std::make_shared<any>(storage_num_not_allocated);
min_allocated_bytes = storage_allocated_bytes;
}
if (max_match_range == 0) {
break;
}
}
return ret;
}
NNVM_REGISTER_PASS(PlanMemory)
.describe("Plan the memory allocation of each node entries.")
.set_body(PlanMemory)
.set_change_graph(false)
.depend_graph_attr("dtype")
.depend_graph_attr("shape")
.provide_graph_attr("storage_id")
.provide_graph_attr("storage_inplace_index");
} // namespace
} // namespace pass
} // namespace nnvm