Array.xml

<Type Name="Array" FullName="System.Array">
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  <Docs>
    <summary>Provides methods for creating, manipulating, searching, and sorting arrays, thereby serving as the base class for all arrays in the common language runtime.</summary>
    <remarks>
      <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Array> class is not part of the <xref:System.Collections> namespaces. However, it is still considered a collection because it is based on the <xref:System.Collections.IList> interface.  
  
 The <xref:System.Array> class is the base class for language implementations that support arrays. However, only the system and compilers can derive explicitly from the <xref:System.Array> class. Users should employ the array constructs provided by the language.  
  
 An element is a value in an <xref:System.Array>. The length of an <xref:System.Array> is the total number of elements it can contain. The lower bound of an <xref:System.Array> is the index of its first element. An <xref:System.Array> can have any lower bound, but it has a lower bound of zero by default. A different lower bound can be defined when creating an instance of the <xref:System.Array> class using <xref:System.Array.CreateInstance%2A>.A multidimensional <xref:System.Array> can have different bounds for each dimension. An array can have a maximum of 32 dimensions.  
  
 Unlike the classes in the <xref:System.Collections> namespaces, <xref:System.Array> has a fixed capacity. To increase the capacity, you must create a new <xref:System.Array> object with the required capacity, copy the elements from the old <xref:System.Array> object to the new one, and delete the old <xref:System.Array>.  
  
 By default, the maximum size of an <xref:System.Array> is 2 gigabytes (GB). In a 64-bit environment, you can avoid the size restriction by setting the `enabled` attribute of the [gcAllowVeryLargeObjects](~/docs/framework/configure-apps/file-schema/runtime/gcallowverylargeobjects-element.md) configuration element to `true` in the run-time environment. However, the array will still be limited to a total of 4 billion elements, and to a maximum index of 0X7FEFFFFF in any given dimension (0X7FFFFFC7 for byte arrays and arrays of single-byte structures).  
  
 Single-dimensional arrays implement the <xref:System.Collections.Generic.IList%601?displayProperty=nameWithType>, <xref:System.Collections.Generic.ICollection%601?displayProperty=nameWithType>, <xref:System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable%601?displayProperty=nameWithType>, <xref:System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyList%601?displayProperty=nameWithType> and <xref:System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyCollection%601?displayProperty=nameWithType> generic interfaces. The implementations are provided to arrays at run time, and as a result, the generic interfaces do not appear in the declaration syntax for the <xref:System.Array> class. In addition,  there are no reference topics for interface members that are accessible only by casting an array to the generic interface type (explicit interface implementations). The key thing to be aware of when you cast an array to one of these interfaces is that members which add, insert, or remove elements throw <xref:System.NotSupportedException>.  
  
 <xref:System.Type> objects provide information about array type declarations. <xref:System.Array> objects with the same array type share the same <xref:System.Type> object.  
  
 <xref:System.Type.IsArray%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType> and <xref:System.Type.GetElementType%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType> might not return the expected results with <xref:System.Array> because if an array is cast to the type <xref:System.Array>, the result is an object, not an array. That is, `typeof(System.Array).IsArray` returns `false`, and `typeof(System.Array).GetElementType` returns `null`.  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.Copy%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType> method copies elements not only between arrays of the same type but also between standard arrays of different types; it handles type casting automatically.  
  
 Some methods, such as <xref:System.Array.CreateInstance%2A>, <xref:System.Array.Copy%2A>, <xref:System.Array.CopyTo%2A>, <xref:System.Array.GetValue%2A>, and <xref:System.Array.SetValue%2A>, provide overloads that accept 64-bit integers as parameters to accommodate large capacity arrays. <xref:System.Array.LongLength%2A> and <xref:System.Array.GetLongLength%2A> return 64-bit integers indicating the length of the array.  
  
 The <xref:System.Array> is not guaranteed to be sorted.  You must sort the <xref:System.Array> prior to performing operations (such as <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%2A>) that require the <xref:System.Array> to be sorted.  
  
 Using an <xref:System.Array> object of pointers in native code is not supported and will throw a <xref:System.NotSupportedException> for several methods.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how <xref:System.Array.Copy%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType> copies elements between an array of type integer and an array of type <xref:System.Object>.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Classic Array Example#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array Example/CPP/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Classic Array Example#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array Example/CS/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Classic Array Example#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array Example/VB/source.vb#1)]  
  
 The following code example creates and initializes an <xref:System.Array> and displays its properties and its elements.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Classic Array Example#2](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array Example/CPP/source3.cpp#2)]
 [!code-csharp[Classic Array Example#2](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array Example/CS/source3.cs#2)]
 [!code-vb[Classic Array Example#2](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array Example/VB/source3.vb#2)]  
  
 ]]></format>
    </remarks>
    <threadsafe>Public static (<see langword="Shared" /> in Visual Basic) members of this type are thread safe. Any instance members are not guaranteed to be thread safe.  
  
 This implementation does not provide a synchronized (thread safe) wrapper for an <see cref="T:System.Array" />; however, .NET Framework classes based on <see cref="T:System.Array" /> provide their own synchronized version of the collection using the <see cref="P:System.Array.SyncRoot" /> property.  
  
 Enumerating through a collection is intrinsically not a thread-safe procedure. Even when a collection is synchronized, other threads can still modify the collection, which causes the enumerator to throw an exception. To guarantee thread safety during enumeration, you can either lock the collection during the entire enumeration or catch the exceptions resulting from changes made by other threads.</threadsafe>
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    <altmember cref="T:System.Type" />
    <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
    <related type="Article" href="~/docs/csharp/programming-guide/arrays/index.md">Arrays (C# Programming Guide)</related>
    <related type="Article" href="~/docs/visual-basic/programming-guide/language-features/arrays/index.md">Arrays in Visual Basic</related>
  </Docs>
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        <Parameter Name="array" Type="T[]" />
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        <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements of the array.</typeparam>
        <param name="array">The one-dimensional, zero-based array to wrap in a read-only <see cref="T:System.Collections.ObjectModel.ReadOnlyCollection`1" /> wrapper.</param>
        <summary>Returns a read-only wrapper for the specified array.</summary>
        <returns>A read-only <see cref="T:System.Collections.ObjectModel.ReadOnlyCollection`1" /> wrapper for the specified array.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 To prevent any modifications to the array, expose the array only through this wrapper.  
  
 A collection that is read-only is simply a collection with a wrapper that prevents modifying the collection; therefore, if changes are made to the underlying collection, the read-only collection reflects those changes.  
  
 This method is an O(1) operation.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following example wraps an array in a read-only <xref:System.Collections.ObjectModel.ReadOnlyCollection%601>.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array.AsReadOnly#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.AsReadOnly/CPP/arrayasreadonly.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.AsReadOnly#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.AsReadOnly/CS/arrayasreadonly.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.AsReadOnly#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.AsReadOnly/VB/arrayasreadonly.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
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        <summary>Searches a one-dimensional sorted <see cref="T:System.Array" /> for a value, using a binary search algorithm.</summary>
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        <param name="array">The sorted one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to search.</param>
        <param name="value">The object to search for.</param>
        <summary>Searches an entire one-dimensional sorted array for a specific element, using the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> interface implemented by each element of the array and by the specified object.</summary>
        <returns>The index of the specified <paramref name="value" /> in the specified <paramref name="array" />, if <paramref name="value" /> is found; otherwise, a negative number. If <paramref name="value" /> is not found and <paramref name="value" /> is less than one or more elements in <paramref name="array" />, the negative number returned is the bitwise complement of the index of the first element that is larger than <paramref name="value" />. If <paramref name="value" /> is not found and <paramref name="value" /> is greater than all elements in <paramref name="array" />, the negative number returned is the bitwise complement of (the index of the last element plus 1). If this method is called with a non-sorted <paramref name="array" />, the return value can be incorrect and a negative number could be returned, even if <paramref name="value" /> is present in <paramref name="array" />.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This method does not support searching arrays that contain negative indexes. `array` must be sorted before calling this method.  
  
 If the <xref:System.Array> does not contain the specified value, the method returns a negative integer. You can apply the bitwise complement operator (~ in C#, `Not` in Visual Basic) to the negative result  to produce an index. If this index is one greater than the upper bound of the array, there are no elements larger than `value` in the array. Otherwise, it is the index of the first element that is larger than `value`.  
  
 Either `value` or every element of `array` must implement the <xref:System.IComparable> interface, which is used for comparisons. The elements of `array` must already be sorted in increasing value according to the sort order defined by the <xref:System.IComparable> implementation; otherwise, the result might be incorrect.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  If`value` does not implement the <xref:System.IComparable> interface, the elements of `array` are not tested for <xref:System.IComparable> before the search begins. An exception is thrown if the search encounters an element that does not implement <xref:System.IComparable>.  
  
 Duplicate elements are allowed. If the <xref:System.Array> contains more than one element equal to `value`, the method returns the index of only one of the occurrences, and not necessarily the first one.  
  
 `null` can always be compared with any other reference type; therefore, comparisons with `null` do not generate an exception.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  For every element tested, `value` is passed to the appropriate <xref:System.IComparable> implementation, even if `value` is `null`. That is, the <xref:System.IComparable> implementation determines how a given element compares to `null`.  
  
 This method is an O(log `n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to use <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%2A> to locate a specific object in an <xref:System.Array>.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  The array is created with its elements in ascending sort order. The <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%2A> method requires the array to be sorted in ascending order.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Classic Array.BinarySearch Example#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.BinarySearch Example/CPP/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Classic Array.BinarySearch Example#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.BinarySearch Example/CS/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Classic Array.BinarySearch Example#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.BinarySearch Example/VB/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is multidimensional.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="value" /> is of a type that is not compatible with the elements of <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidOperationException">
          <paramref name="value" /> does not implement the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> interface, and the search encounters an element that does not implement the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> interface.</exception>
        <altmember cref="T:System.IComparable" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.Sort" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
      </Docs>
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      <Docs>
        <param name="array">The sorted one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to search.</param>
        <param name="value">The object to search for.</param>
        <param name="comparer">The <see cref="T:System.Collections.IComparer" /> implementation to use when comparing elements.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <see langword="null" /> to use the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> implementation of each element.</param>
        <summary>Searches an entire one-dimensional sorted array for a value using the specified <see cref="T:System.Collections.IComparer" /> interface.</summary>
        <returns>The index of the specified <paramref name="value" /> in the specified <paramref name="array" />, if <paramref name="value" /> is found; otherwise, a negative number. If <paramref name="value" /> is not found and <paramref name="value" /> is less than one or more elements in <paramref name="array" />, the negative number returned is the bitwise complement of the index of the first element that is larger than <paramref name="value" />. If <paramref name="value" /> is not found and <paramref name="value" /> is greater than all elements in <paramref name="array" />, the negative number returned is the bitwise complement of (the index of the last element plus 1). If this method is called with a non-sorted <paramref name="array" />, the return value can be incorrect and a negative number could be returned, even if <paramref name="value" /> is present in <paramref name="array" />.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This method does not support searching arrays that contain negative indexes. `array` must be sorted before calling this method.  
  
 If the <xref:System.Array> does not contain the specified value, the method returns a negative integer. You can apply the bitwise complement operator (~ in C#, `Not` in Visual Basic) to the negative result  to produce an index. If this index is one greater than the upper bound of the array, there are no elements larger than `value` in the array. Otherwise, it is the index of the first element that is larger than `value`.  
  
 The comparer customizes how the elements are compared. For example, you can use a <xref:System.Collections.CaseInsensitiveComparer?displayProperty=nameWithType> as the comparer to perform case-insensitive string searches.  
  
 If `comparer` is not `null`, the elements of `array` are compared to the specified value using the specified <xref:System.Collections.IComparer> implementation. The elements of `array` must already be sorted in increasing value according to the sort order defined by `comparer`; otherwise, the result might be incorrect.  
  
 If`comparer` is `null`, the comparison is done using the <xref:System.IComparable> implementation provided by the element itself or by the specified value. The elements of `array` must already be sorted in increasing value according to the sort order defined by the <xref:System.IComparable> implementation; otherwise, the result might be incorrect.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  If `comparer` is `null` and `value` does not implement the <xref:System.IComparable> interface, the elements of `array` are not tested for <xref:System.IComparable> before the search begins. An exception is thrown if the search encounters an element that does not implement <xref:System.IComparable>.  
  
 Duplicate elements are allowed. If the <xref:System.Array> contains more than one element equal to `value`, the method returns the index of only one of the occurrences, and not necessarily the first one.  
  
 `null` can always be compared with any other reference type; therefore, comparisons with `null` do not generate an exception.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  For every element tested, `value` is passed to the appropriate <xref:System.IComparable> implementation, even if `value` is `null`. That is, the <xref:System.IComparable> implementation determines how a given element compares to `null`.  
  
 This method is an O(log `n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is multidimensional.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="comparer" /> is <see langword="null" />, and <paramref name="value" /> is of a type that is not compatible with the elements of <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidOperationException">
          <paramref name="comparer" /> is <see langword="null" />, <paramref name="value" /> does not implement the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> interface, and the search encounters an element that does not implement the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> interface.</exception>
        <altmember cref="T:System.Collections.IComparer" />
        <altmember cref="T:System.IComparable" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.Sort" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <param name="array">The sorted one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to search.</param>
        <param name="index">The starting index of the range to search.</param>
        <param name="length">The length of the range to search.</param>
        <param name="value">The object to search for.</param>
        <summary>Searches a range of elements in a one-dimensional sorted array for a value, using the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> interface implemented by each element of the array and by the specified value.</summary>
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        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This method does not support searching arrays that contain negative indexes. `array` must be sorted before calling this method.  
  
 If the <xref:System.Array> does not contain the specified value, the method returns a negative integer. You can apply the bitwise complement operator (~ in C#, `Not` in Visual Basic) to the negative result to produce an index. If this index is one greater than the upper bound of the array, there are no elements larger than `value` in the array. Otherwise, it is the index of the first element that is larger than `value`.  
  
 Either `value` or every element of `array` must implement the <xref:System.IComparable> interface, which is used for comparisons. The elements of `array` must already be sorted in increasing value according to the sort order defined by the <xref:System.IComparable> implementation; otherwise, the result might be incorrect.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  If `value` does not implement the <xref:System.IComparable> interface, the elements of `array` are not tested for <xref:System.IComparable> before the search begins. An exception is thrown if the search encounters an element that does not implement <xref:System.IComparable>.  
  
 Duplicate elements are allowed. If the <xref:System.Array> contains more than one element equal to `value`, the method returns the index of only one of the occurrences, and not necessarily the first one.  
  
 `null` can always be compared with any other reference type; therefore, comparisons with `null` do not generate an exception.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  For every element tested, `value` is passed to the appropriate <xref:System.IComparable> implementation, even if `value` is `null`. That is, the <xref:System.IComparable> implementation determines how a given element compares to `null`.  
  
 This method is an O(log `n`) operation, where `n` is `length`.  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is multidimensional.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="index" /> is less than the lower bound of <paramref name="array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="length" /> is less than zero.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="index" /> and <paramref name="length" /> do not specify a valid range in <paramref name="array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="value" /> is of a type that is not compatible with the elements of <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidOperationException">
          <paramref name="value" /> does not implement the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> interface, and the search encounters an element that does not implement the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> interface.</exception>
        <altmember cref="T:System.IComparable" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.Sort" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <param name="array">The sorted one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to search.</param>
        <param name="index">The starting index of the range to search.</param>
        <param name="length">The length of the range to search.</param>
        <param name="value">The object to search for.</param>
        <param name="comparer">The <see cref="T:System.Collections.IComparer" /> implementation to use when comparing elements.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <see langword="null" /> to use the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> implementation of each element.</param>
        <summary>Searches a range of elements in a one-dimensional sorted array for a value, using the specified <see cref="T:System.Collections.IComparer" /> interface.</summary>
        <returns>The index of the specified <paramref name="value" /> in the specified <paramref name="array" />, if <paramref name="value" /> is found; otherwise, a negative number. If <paramref name="value" /> is not found and <paramref name="value" /> is less than one or more elements in <paramref name="array" />, the negative number returned is the bitwise complement of the index of the first element that is larger than <paramref name="value" />. If <paramref name="value" /> is not found and <paramref name="value" /> is greater than all elements in <paramref name="array" />, the negative number returned is the bitwise complement of (the index of the last element plus 1). If this method is called with a non-sorted <paramref name="array" />, the return value can be incorrect and a negative number could be returned, even if <paramref name="value" /> is present in <paramref name="array" />.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This method does not support searching arrays that contain negative indexes. `array` must be sorted before calling this method.  
  
 If the <xref:System.Array> does not contain the specified value, the method returns a negative integer. You can apply the bitwise complement operator (~ in C#, `Not` in Visual Basic) to the negative result  to produce an index. If this index is one greater than the upper bound of the array, there are no elements larger than `value` in the array. Otherwise, it is the index of the first element that is larger than `value`.  
  
 The comparer customizes how the elements are compared. For example, you can use a <xref:System.Collections.CaseInsensitiveComparer?displayProperty=nameWithType> as the comparer to perform case-insensitive string searches.  
  
 If `comparer` is not `null`, the elements of `array` are compared to the specified value using the specified <xref:System.Collections.IComparer> implementation. The elements of `array` must already be sorted in increasing value according to the sort order defined by `comparer`; otherwise, the result might be incorrect.  
  
 If `comparer` is `null`, the comparison is done using the <xref:System.IComparable> implementation provided by the element itself or by the specified value. The elements of `array` must already be sorted in increasing value according to the sort order defined by the <xref:System.IComparable> implementation; otherwise, the result might be incorrect.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  If `comparer` is `null` and `value` does not implement the <xref:System.IComparable> interface, the elements of `array` are not tested for <xref:System.IComparable> before the search begins. An exception is thrown if the search encounters an element that does not implement <xref:System.IComparable>.  
  
 Duplicate elements are allowed. If the <xref:System.Array> contains more than one element equal to `value`, the method returns the index of only one of the occurrences, and not necessarily the first one.  
  
 `null` can always be compared with any other reference type; therefore, comparisons with `null` do not generate an exception when using <xref:System.IComparable>.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  For every element tested, `value` is passed to the appropriate <xref:System.IComparable> implementation, even if `value` is `null`. That is, the <xref:System.IComparable> implementation determines how a given element compares to `null`.  
  
 This method is an O(log `n`) operation, where `n` is `length`.  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is multidimensional.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="index" /> is less than the lower bound of <paramref name="array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="length" /> is less than zero.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="index" /> and <paramref name="length" /> do not specify a valid range in <paramref name="array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="comparer" /> is <see langword="null" />, and <paramref name="value" /> is of a type that is not compatible with the elements of <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidOperationException">
          <paramref name="comparer" /> is <see langword="null" />, <paramref name="value" /> does not implement the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> interface, and the search encounters an element that does not implement the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> interface.</exception>
        <altmember cref="T:System.Collections.IComparer" />
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        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.Sort" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements of the array.</typeparam>
        <param name="array">The sorted one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to search.</param>
        <param name="value">The object to search for.</param>
        <summary>Searches an entire one-dimensional sorted array for a specific element, using the <see cref="T:System.IComparable`1" /> generic interface implemented by each element of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> and by the specified object.</summary>
        <returns>The index of the specified <paramref name="value" /> in the specified <paramref name="array" />, if <paramref name="value" /> is found; otherwise, a negative number. If <paramref name="value" /> is not found and <paramref name="value" /> is less than one or more elements in <paramref name="array" />, the negative number returned is the bitwise complement of the index of the first element that is larger than <paramref name="value" />. If <paramref name="value" /> is not found and <paramref name="value" /> is greater than all elements in <paramref name="array" />, the negative number returned is the bitwise complement of (the index of the last element plus 1). If this method is called with a non-sorted <paramref name="array" />, the return value can be incorrect and a negative number could be returned, even if <paramref name="value" /> is present in <paramref name="array" />.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This method does not support searching arrays that contain negative indexes. `array` must be sorted before calling this method.  
  
 If `array` does not contain the specified value, the method returns a negative integer. You can apply the bitwise complement operator (~ in C#, `Not` in Visual Basic) to the negative result  to produce an index. If this index is equal to the size of the array, there are no elements larger than `value` in the array. Otherwise, it is the index of the first element that is larger than `value`.  
  
 `T` must implement the <xref:System.IComparable%601> generic interface, which is used for comparisons. The elements of `array` must already be sorted in increasing value according to the sort order defined by the <xref:System.IComparable%601> implementation; otherwise, the result might be incorrect.  
  
 Duplicate elements are allowed. If the <xref:System.Array> contains more than one element equal to `value`, the method returns the index of only one of the occurrences, and not necessarily the first one.  
  
 `null` can always be compared with any other reference type; therefore, comparisons with `null` do not generate an exception.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  For every element tested, `value` is passed to the appropriate <xref:System.IComparable%601> implementation, even if `value` is `null`. That is, the <xref:System.IComparable%601> implementation determines how a given element compares to `null`.  
  
 This method is an O(log `n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates the <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%29> generic method overload and the <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%29> generic method overload. An array of strings is created, in no particular order.  
  
 The array is displayed, sorted, and displayed again. Arrays must be sorted in order to use the <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%2A> method.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  The calls to the <xref:System.Array.Sort%2A> and <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%2A> generic methods do not look any different from calls to their nongeneric counterparts, because Visual Basic, C#, and C++ infer the type of the generic type parameter from the type of the first argument. If you use the [Ildasm.exe (IL Disassembler)](~/docs/framework/tools/ildasm-exe-il-disassembler.md) to examine the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL), you can see that the generic methods are being called.  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%29> generic method overload is then used to search for two strings, one that is not in the array and one that is. The array and the return value of the <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%2A> method are passed to the `ShowWhere` generic method, which displays the index value if the string is found, and otherwise the elements the search string would fall between if it were in the array. The index is negative if the string is not in the array, so the `ShowWhere` method takes the bitwise complement (the ~ operator in C# and Visual C++, `Xor`-1 in Visual Basic) to obtain the index of the first element in the list that is larger than the search string.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_SortSearch#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_SortSearch/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_SortSearch#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_SortSearch/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_SortSearch#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_SortSearch/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidOperationException">
          <paramref name="T" /> does not implement the <see cref="T:System.IComparable`1" /> generic interface.</exception>
        <altmember cref="T:System.IComparable`1" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.Sort" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <param name="array">The sorted one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to search.</param>
        <param name="value">The object to search for.</param>
        <param name="comparer">The <see cref="T:System.Collections.Generic.IComparer`1" /> implementation to use when comparing elements.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <see langword="null" /> to use the <see cref="T:System.IComparable`1" /> implementation of each element.</param>
        <summary>Searches an entire one-dimensional sorted array for a value using the specified <see cref="T:System.Collections.Generic.IComparer`1" /> generic interface.</summary>
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        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This method does not support searching arrays that contain negative indexes. `array` must be sorted before calling this method.  
  
 If the <xref:System.Array> does not contain the specified value, the method returns a negative integer. You can apply the bitwise complement operator (~ in C#, `Not` in Visual Basic) to the negative result to produce an index. If this index is equal to the size of the array, there are no elements larger than `value` in the array. Otherwise, it is the index of the first element that is larger than `value`.  
  
 The comparer customizes how the elements are compared. For example, you can use a <xref:System.Collections.CaseInsensitiveComparer?displayProperty=nameWithType> as the comparer to perform case-insensitive string searches.  
  
 If `comparer` is not `null`, the elements of `array` are compared to the specified value using the specified <xref:System.Collections.Generic.IComparer%601> generic interface implementation. The elements of `array` must already be sorted in increasing value according to the sort order defined by `comparer`; otherwise, the result might be incorrect.  
  
 If `comparer` is `null`, the comparison is done using the <xref:System.IComparable%601> generic interface implementation provided by `T`. The elements of `array` must already be sorted in increasing value according to the sort order defined by the <xref:System.IComparable%601> implementation; otherwise, the result might be incorrect.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  If `comparer` is `null` and `value` does not implement the <xref:System.IComparable%601> generic interface, the elements of `array` are not tested for <xref:System.IComparable%601> before the search begins. An exception is thrown if the search encounters an element that does not implement <xref:System.IComparable%601>.  
  
 Duplicate elements are allowed. If the <xref:System.Array> contains more than one element equal to `value`, the method returns the index of only one of the occurrences, and not necessarily the first one.  
  
 `null` can always be compared with any other reference type; therefore, comparisons with `null` do not generate an exception.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  For every element tested, `value` is passed to the appropriate <xref:System.IComparable%601> implementation, even if `value` is `null`. That is, the <xref:System.IComparable%601> implementation determines how a given element compares to `null`.  
  
 This method is an O(log `n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following example demonstrates the <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> generic method overload and the <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> generic method overload.  
  
 The code example defines an alternative comparer for strings, named `ReverseCompare`, which implements the `IComparer<string>` (`IComparer(Of String)` in Visual Basic, `IComparer<String^>` in Visual C++) generic interface. The comparer calls the <xref:System.String.CompareTo%28System.String%29> method, reversing the order of the comparands so that the strings sort high-to-low instead of low-to-high.  
  
 The array is displayed, sorted, and displayed again. Arrays must be sorted in order to use the <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%2A> method.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  The calls to the <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> and <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> generic methods do not look any different from calls to their nongeneric counterparts, because Visual Basic, C#, and C++ infer the type of the generic type parameter from the type of the first argument. If you use the [Ildasm.exe (IL Disassembler)](~/docs/framework/tools/ildasm-exe-il-disassembler.md) to examine the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL), you can see that the generic methods are being called.  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> generic method overload is then used to search for two strings, one that is not in the array and one that is. The array and the return value of the <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> method are passed to the `ShowWhere` generic method, which displays the index value if the string is found, and otherwise the elements the search string would fall between if it were in the array. The index is negative if the string is not n the array, so the `ShowWhere` method takes the bitwise complement (the ~ operator in C# and Visual C++, `Xor` -1 in Visual Basic) to obtain the index of the first element in the list that is larger than the search string.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_SortSearchComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_SortSearchComparer/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_SortSearchComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_SortSearchComparer/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_SortSearchComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_SortSearchComparer/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
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        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.Sort" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <param name="array">The sorted one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to search.</param>
        <param name="index">The starting index of the range to search.</param>
        <param name="length">The length of the range to search.</param>
        <param name="value">The object to search for.</param>
        <summary>Searches a range of elements in a one-dimensional sorted array for a value, using the <see cref="T:System.IComparable`1" /> generic interface implemented by each element of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> and by the specified value.</summary>
        <returns>The index of the specified <paramref name="value" /> in the specified <paramref name="array" />, if <paramref name="value" /> is found; otherwise, a negative number. If <paramref name="value" /> is not found and <paramref name="value" /> is less than one or more elements in <paramref name="array" />, the negative number returned is the bitwise complement of the index of the first element that is larger than <paramref name="value" />. If <paramref name="value" /> is not found and <paramref name="value" /> is greater than all elements in <paramref name="array" />, the negative number returned is the bitwise complement of (the index of the last element plus 1). If this method is called with a non-sorted <paramref name="array" />, the return value can be incorrect and a negative number could be returned, even if <paramref name="value" /> is present in <paramref name="array" />.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This method does not support searching arrays that contain negative indexes. `array` must be sorted before calling this method.  
  
 If the array does not contain the specified value, the method returns a negative integer. You can apply the bitwise complement operator (~ in C#, `Not` in Visual Basic) to the negative result  to produce an index. If this index is equal to the size of the array, there are no elements larger than `value` in the array. Otherwise, it is the index of the first element that is larger than `value`.  
  
 `T` must implement the <xref:System.IComparable%601> generic interface, which is used for comparisons. The elements of `array` must already be sorted in increasing value according to the sort order defined by the <xref:System.IComparable%601> implementation; otherwise, the result might be incorrect.  
  
 Duplicate elements are allowed. If the <xref:System.Array> contains more than one element equal to `value`, the method returns the index of only one of the occurrences, and not necessarily the first one.  
  
 `null` can always be compared with any other reference type; therefore, comparisons with `null` do not generate an exception.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  For every element tested, `value` is passed to the appropriate <xref:System.IComparable%601> implementation, even if `value` is `null`. That is, the <xref:System.IComparable%601> implementation determines how a given element compares to `null`.  
  
 This method is an O(log `n`) operation, where `n` is `length`.  
  
 ]]></format>
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 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="length" /> is less than zero.</exception>
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 -or-  
  
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        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <param name="length">The length of the range to search.</param>
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 -or-  
  
 <see langword="null" /> to use the <see cref="T:System.IComparable`1" /> implementation of each element.</param>
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        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This method does not support searching arrays that contain negative indexes. `array` must be sorted before calling this method.  
  
 If the array does not contain the specified value, the method returns a negative integer. You can apply the bitwise complement operator (~ in C#, `Not` in Visual Basic) to the negative result  to produce an index. If this index is equal to the size of the array, there are no elements larger than `value` in the array. Otherwise, it is the index of the first element that is larger than `value`.  
  
 The comparer customizes how the elements are compared. For example, you can use a <xref:System.Collections.CaseInsensitiveComparer?displayProperty=nameWithType> as the comparer to perform case-insensitive string searches.  
  
 If `comparer` is not `null`, the elements of `array` are compared to the specified value using the specified <xref:System.Collections.Generic.IComparer%601> generic interface implementation. The elements of `array` must already be sorted in increasing value according to the sort order defined by `comparer`; otherwise, the result might be incorrect.  
  
 If `comparer` is `null`, the comparison is done using the <xref:System.IComparable%601> generic interface implementation provided for type `T`. The elements of `array` must already be sorted in increasing value according to the sort order defined by the <xref:System.IComparable%601> implementation; otherwise, the result might be incorrect.  
  
 Duplicate elements are allowed. If the <xref:System.Array> contains more than one element equal to `value`, the method returns the index of only one of the occurrences, and not necessarily the first one.  
  
 `null` can always be compared with any other reference type; therefore, comparisons with `null` do not generate an exception when using <xref:System.IComparable%601>.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  For every element tested, `value` is passed to the appropriate <xref:System.IComparable%601> implementation, even if `value` is `null`. That is, the <xref:System.IComparable%601> implementation determines how a given element compares to `null`.  
  
 This method is an O(log `n`) operation, where `n` is `length`.  
  
 ]]></format>
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          <paramref name="index" /> is less than the lower bound of <paramref name="array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="length" /> is less than zero.</exception>
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          <paramref name="index" /> and <paramref name="length" /> do not specify a valid range in <paramref name="array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
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        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <param name="array">The array whose elements need to be cleared.</param>
        <param name="index">The starting index of the range of elements to clear.</param>
        <param name="length">The number of elements to clear.</param>
        <summary>Sets a range of elements in an array to the default value of each element type.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This method resets each element in an array to the element type's default value. It sets elements of reference types (including <xref:System.String> elements) to `null`, and sets elements of value types to the default values shown in the following table.  
  
|Type|Value|  
|----------|-----------|  
|<xref:System.Boolean>|`false`|  
|All integral and floating point numeric types|0 (zero)|  
|<xref:System.DateTime>|<xref:System.DateTime.MinValue?displayProperty=nameWithType>|  
|Other value types|Default value of the type's fields|  
  
 The range of cleared elements wrap from row to row in a multi-dimensional array.  
  
 This method only clears the values of the elements; it does not delete the elements themselves. An array has a fixed size; therefore, elements cannot be added or removed.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is `length`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following example uses the <xref:System.Array.Clear%2A> method to reset integer values in a one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional array.  
  
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.Clear#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Clear/cs/example.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.Clear#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Clear/vb/example.vb#1)]  
  
 The following example defines a `TimeZoneTime` structure that includes a <xref:System.TimeZoneInfo> field and a <xref:System.DateTimeOffset> field. It then calls the <xref:System.Array.Clear%2A> method to clear one element in a two-element array of `TimeZoneTime` values. The method sets the value of the cleared element to the default value of a <xref:System.TimeZoneInfo> object, which is `null`, and the default value of a <xref:System.DateTimeOffset> object, which is <xref:System.DateTimeOffset.MinValue?displayProperty=nameWithType>.  
  
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.Clear#2](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Clear/cs/clearstruct1.cs#2)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.Clear#2](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Clear/vb/clearstruct1.vb#2)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
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          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.IndexOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="index" /> is less than the lower bound of <paramref name="array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="length" /> is less than zero.  
  
 -or-  
  
 The sum of <paramref name="index" /> and <paramref name="length" /> is greater than the size of <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
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        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 A shallow copy of an <xref:System.Array> copies only the elements of the <xref:System.Array>, whether they are reference types or value types, but it does not copy the objects that the references refer to. The references in the new <xref:System.Array> point to the same objects that the references in the original <xref:System.Array> point to.  
  
 In contrast, a deep copy of an <xref:System.Array> copies the elements and everything directly or indirectly referenced by the elements.  
  
 The clone is of the same <xref:System.Type> as the original <xref:System.Array>.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is <xref:System.Array.Length%2A>.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example clones a <xref:System.Globalization.CultureInfo?displayProperty=nameWithType> array and demonstrates the behavior of a shallow copy.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array.Clone#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Clone/CPP/arrayclone.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.Clone#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Clone/CS/arrayclone.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.Clone#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Clone/VB/arrayclone.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
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        <Parameter Name="sourceIndex" Type="System.Int32" />
        <Parameter Name="destinationArray" Type="System.Array" />
        <Parameter Name="destinationIndex" Type="System.Int32" />
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        <param name="sourceArray">The <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that contains the data to copy.</param>
        <param name="sourceIndex">A 32-bit integer that represents the index in the <c>sourceArray</c> at which copying begins.</param>
        <param name="destinationArray">The <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that receives the data.</param>
        <param name="destinationIndex">A 32-bit integer that represents the index in the <c>destinationArray</c> at which storing begins.</param>
        <param name="length">A 32-bit integer that represents the number of elements to copy.</param>
        <summary>Copies a range of elements from an <see cref="T:System.Array" /> starting at the specified source index and pastes them to another <see cref="T:System.Array" /> starting at the specified destination index.  Guarantees that all changes are undone if the copy does not succeed completely.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The `sourceArray` and `destinationArray` parameters must have the same number of dimensions.  The `sourceArray` type must be the same as or derived from the `destinationArray` type; otherwise, an <xref:System.ArrayTypeMismatchException> is thrown.  Unlike <xref:System.Array.Copy%2A>, <xref:System.Array.ConstrainedCopy%2A> verifies the compatibility of the array types before performing any operation.  
  
 When copying between multidimensional arrays, the array behaves like a long one-dimensional array, where the rows (or columns) are conceptually laid end-to-end. For example, if an array has three rows (or columns) with four elements each, copying six elements from the beginning of the array would copy all four elements of the first row (or column) and the first two elements of the second row (or column). To start copying from the second element of the third row (or column), `sourceIndex` must be the upper bound of the first row (or column) plus the length of the second row (or column) plus two.  
  
 If `sourceArray` and `destinationArray` overlap, this method behaves as if the original values of `sourceArray` were preserved in a temporary location before `destinationArray` is overwritten.  
  
 [C++]  
  
 This method is equivalent to the standard C/C++ function `memmove`, not `memcpy`.  
  
 The arrays can be reference-type arrays or value-type arrays.  If `sourceArray` and `destinationArray` are both reference-type arrays or are both arrays of type <xref:System.Object>, a shallow copy is performed. A shallow copy of an <xref:System.Array> is a new <xref:System.Array> containing references to the same elements as the original <xref:System.Array>. The elements themselves or anything referenced by the elements are not copied. In contrast, a deep copy of an <xref:System.Array> copies the elements and everything directly or indirectly referenced by the elements.  
  
 If this method throws an exception while copying, the `destinationArray` remains unchanged; therefore, <xref:System.Array.ConstrainedCopy%2A> can be used within a constrained execution region (<xref:System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution.Cer>).  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is `length`.  
  
 ]]></format>
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          <paramref name="sourceArray" /> is <see langword="null" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
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          <paramref name="sourceArray" /> and <paramref name="destinationArray" /> have different ranks.</exception>
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          <paramref name="sourceIndex" /> is less than the lower bound of the first dimension of <paramref name="sourceArray" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="destinationIndex" /> is less than the lower bound of the first dimension of <paramref name="destinationArray" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="length" /> is less than zero.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="length" /> is greater than the number of elements from <paramref name="sourceIndex" /> to the end of <paramref name="sourceArray" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="length" /> is greater than the number of elements from <paramref name="destinationIndex" /> to the end of <paramref name="destinationArray" />.</exception>
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        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Converter%602> is a delegate to a method that converts an object to the target type.  The elements of `array` are individually passed to the <xref:System.Converter%602>, and the converted elements are saved in the new array.  
  
 The source `array` remains unchanged.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example defines a method named `PointFToPoint` that converts a <xref:System.Drawing.PointF> structure to a <xref:System.Drawing.Point> structure. The example then creates an array of <xref:System.Drawing.PointF> structures, creates a `Converter<PointF, Point>` delegate (`Converter(Of PointF, Point)` in Visual Basic) to represent the `PointFToPoint` method, and passes the delegate to the <xref:System.Array.ConvertAll%2A> method. The <xref:System.Array.ConvertAll%2A> method passes each element of the input list to the `PointFToPoint` method and puts the converted elements into a new list of <xref:System.Drawing.Point> structures. Both lists are displayed.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_ConvertAll#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_ConvertAll/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_ConvertAll#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_ConvertAll/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_ConvertAll#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_ConvertAll/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="converter" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
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        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
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        <param name="sourceArray">The <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that contains the data to copy.</param>
        <param name="destinationArray">The <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that receives the data.</param>
        <param name="length">A 32-bit integer that represents the number of elements to copy.</param>
        <summary>Copies a range of elements from an <see cref="T:System.Array" /> starting at the first element and pastes them into another <see cref="T:System.Array" /> starting at the first element. The length is specified as a 32-bit integer.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The `sourceArray` and `destinationArray` parameters must have the same number of dimensions. In addition, `destinationArray` must already have been dimensioned and must have a sufficient number of elements to accommodate the copied data.  
  
 When copying between multidimensional arrays, the array behaves like a long one-dimensional array, where the rows (or columns) are conceptually laid end to end. For example, if an array has three rows (or columns) with four elements each, copying six elements from the beginning of the array would copy all four elements of the first row (or column) and the first two elements of the second row (or column).  
  
 If `sourceArray` and `destinationArray` overlap, this method behaves as if the original values of `sourceArray` were preserved in a temporary location before `destinationArray` is overwritten.  
  
 [C++]  
  
 This method is equivalent to the standard C/C++ function `memmove`, not `memcpy`.  
  
 The arrays can be reference-type arrays or value-type arrays. Type downcasting is performed, as required.  
  
-   When copying from a reference-type array to a value-type array, each element is unboxed and then copied. When copying from a value-type array to a reference-type array, each element is boxed and then copied.  
  
-   When copying from a reference-type or value-type array to an <xref:System.Object> array, an <xref:System.Object> is created to hold each value or reference and then copied. When copying from an <xref:System.Object> array to a reference-type or value-type array and the assignment is not possible, an <xref:System.InvalidCastException> is thrown.  
  
-   If `sourceArray` and `destinationArray` are both reference-type arrays or are both arrays of type <xref:System.Object>, a shallow copy is performed. A shallow copy of an <xref:System.Array> is a new <xref:System.Array> containing references to the same elements as the original <xref:System.Array>. The elements themselves or anything referenced by the elements are not copied. In contrast, a deep copy of an <xref:System.Array> copies the elements and everything directly or indirectly referenced by the elements.  
  
 An <xref:System.ArrayTypeMismatchException> is thrown if the arrays are of incompatible types. Type compatibility is defined as follows:  
  
-   A type is compatible with itself.  
  
-   A value type is compatible with <xref:System.Object> and with an interface type implemented by that value type. A value type is considered connected to an interface only if it implements that interface directly. Disconnected types are not compatible.  
  
-   Two intrinsic (predefined) value types are compatible if copying from the source type to the destination type is a widening conversion. A widening conversion never loses information, whereas a narrowing conversion can lose information. For example, converting a 32-bit signed integer to a 64-bit signed integer is a widening conversion, and converting a 64-bit signed integer to a 32-bit signed integer is a narrowing conversion. For more information about conversions, see <xref:System.Convert>.  
  
-   A nonintrinsic (user-defined) value type is compatible only with itself.  
  
-   Enumerations have an implicit conversion to <xref:System.Enum> and to their underlying type.  
  
 If every element in `sourceArray` requires a downcast (for example, from a base class to a derived class or from an interface to an object) and one or more elements cannot be cast to the corresponding type in `destinationArray`, an <xref:System.InvalidCastException> is thrown.  
  
 If this method throws an exception while copying, the state of `destinationArray` is undefined.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is `length`.  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
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 -or-  
  
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          <paramref name="length" /> is less than zero.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="length" /> is greater than the number of elements in <paramref name="sourceArray" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
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        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.ConstrainedCopy(System.Array,System.Int32,System.Array,System.Int32,System.Int32)" />
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        <param name="sourceArray">The <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that contains the data to copy.</param>
        <param name="destinationArray">The <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that receives the data.</param>
        <param name="length">A 64-bit integer that represents the number of elements to copy. The integer must be between zero and <see cref="F:System.Int32.MaxValue" />, inclusive.</param>
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        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The `sourceArray` and `destinationArray` parameters must have the same number of dimensions. In addition, `destinationArray` must already have been dimensioned and must have a sufficient number of elements to accommodate the copied data.  
  
 When copying between multidimensional arrays, the array behaves like a long one-dimensional array, where the rows (or columns) are conceptually laid end to end. For example, if an array has three rows (or columns) with four elements each, copying six elements from the beginning of the array would copy all four elements of the first row (or column) and the first two elements of the second row (or column).  
  
 If `sourceArray` and `destinationArray` overlap, this method behaves as if the original values of `sourceArray` were preserved in a temporary location before `destinationArray` is overwritten.  
  
 [C++]  
  
 This method is equivalent to the standard C/C++ function `memmove`, not `memcpy`.  
  
 The arrays can be reference-type arrays or value-type arrays. Type downcasting is performed, as required.  
  
-   When copying from a reference-type array to a value-type array, each element is unboxed and then copied. When copying from a value-type array to a reference-type array, each element is boxed and then copied.  
  
-   When copying from a reference-type or value-type array to an <xref:System.Object> array, an <xref:System.Object> is created to hold each value or reference and then copied. When copying from an <xref:System.Object> array to a reference-type or value-type array and the assignment is not possible, an <xref:System.InvalidCastException> is thrown.  
  
-   If `sourceArray` and `destinationArray` are both reference-type arrays or are both arrays of type <xref:System.Object>, a shallow copy is performed. A shallow copy of an <xref:System.Array> is a new <xref:System.Array> containing references to the same elements as the original <xref:System.Array>. The elements themselves or anything referenced by the elements are not copied. In contrast, a deep copy of an <xref:System.Array> copies the elements and everything directly or indirectly referenced by the elements.  
  
 An <xref:System.ArrayTypeMismatchException> is thrown if the arrays are of incompatible types. Type compatibility is defined as follows:  
  
-   A type is compatible with itself.  
  
-   A value type is compatible with <xref:System.Object> and with an interface type implemented by that value type. A value type is considered connected to an interface only if it implements that interface directly. Disconnected types are not compatible.  
  
-   Two intrinsic (predefined) value types are compatible if copying from the source type to the destination type is a widening conversion. A widening conversion never loses information, whereas a narrowing conversion can lose information. For example, converting a 32-bit signed integer to a 64-bit signed integer is a widening conversion, and converting a 64-bit signed integer to a 32-bit signed integer is a narrowing conversion. For more information about conversions, see <xref:System.Convert>.  
  
-   A nonintrinsic (user-defined) value type is compatible only with itself.  
  
-   Enumerations have an implicit conversion to <xref:System.Enum> and to their underlying type.  
  
 If every element in `sourceArray` requires a downcast (for example, from a base class to a derived class or from an interface to an object) and one or more elements cannot be cast to the corresponding type in `destinationArray`, an <xref:System.InvalidCastException> is thrown.  
  
 If this method throws an exception while copying, the state of `destinationArray` is undefined.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is `length`.  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="sourceArray" /> is <see langword="null" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
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        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">
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          <paramref name="length" /> is less than 0 or greater than <see cref="F:System.Int32.MaxValue" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="length" /> is greater than the number of elements in <paramref name="sourceArray" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
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        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.ConstrainedCopy(System.Array,System.Int32,System.Array,System.Int32,System.Int32)" />
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        <param name="sourceArray">The <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that contains the data to copy.</param>
        <param name="sourceIndex">A 32-bit integer that represents the index in the <c>sourceArray</c> at which copying begins.</param>
        <param name="destinationArray">The <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that receives the data.</param>
        <param name="destinationIndex">A 32-bit integer that represents the index in the <c>destinationArray</c> at which storing begins.</param>
        <param name="length">A 32-bit integer that represents the number of elements to copy.</param>
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        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The `sourceArray` and `destinationArray` parameters must have the same number of dimensions. In addition, `destinationArray` must already have been dimensioned and must have a sufficient number of elements starting from the `destinationIndex` position to accommodate the copied data.  
  
 When copying between multidimensional arrays, the array behaves like a long one-dimensional array, where the rows (or columns) are conceptually laid end-to-end. For example, if an array has three rows (or columns) with four elements each, copying six elements from the beginning of the array would copy all four elements of the first row (or column) and the first two elements of the second row (or column). To start copying from the second element of the third row (or column), `sourceIndex` must be the upper bound of the first row (or column) plus the length of the second row (or column) plus two.  
  
 If `sourceArray` and `destinationArray` overlap, this method behaves as if the original values of `sourceArray` were preserved in a temporary location before `destinationArray` is overwritten.  
  
 [C++]  
  
 This method is equivalent to the standard C/C++ function `memmove`, not `memcpy`.  
  
 The arrays can be reference-type arrays or value-type arrays. Type downcasting is performed, as required.  
  
-   When copying from a reference-type array to a value-type array, each element is unboxed and then copied. When copying from a value-type array to a reference-type array, each element is boxed and then copied.  
  
-   When copying from a reference-type or value-type array to an <xref:System.Object> array, an <xref:System.Object> is created to hold each value or reference and then copied. When copying from an <xref:System.Object> array to a reference-type or value-type array and the assignment is not possible, an <xref:System.InvalidCastException> is thrown.  
  
-   If `sourceArray` and `destinationArray` are both reference-type arrays or are both arrays of type <xref:System.Object>, a shallow copy is performed. A shallow copy of an <xref:System.Array> is a new <xref:System.Array> containing references to the same elements as the original <xref:System.Array>. The elements themselves or anything referenced by the elements are not copied. In contrast, a deep copy of an <xref:System.Array> copies the elements and everything directly or indirectly referenced by the elements.  
  
 An <xref:System.ArrayTypeMismatchException> is thrown if the arrays are of incompatible types. Type compatibility is defined as follows:  
  
-   A type is compatible with itself.  
  
-   A value type is compatible with <xref:System.Object> and with an interface type implemented by that value type. A value type is considered connected to an interface only if it implements that interface directly. Disconnected types are not compatible.  
  
-   Two intrinsic (predefined) value types are compatible if copying from the source type to the destination type is a widening conversion. A widening conversion never loses information, whereas a narrowing conversion can lose information. For example, converting a 32-bit signed integer to a 64-bit signed integer is a widening conversion, and converting a 64-bit signed integer to a 32-bit signed integer is a narrowing conversion. For more information about conversions, see <xref:System.Convert>.  
  
-   A nonintrinsic (user-defined) value type is compatible only with itself.  
  
-   Enumerations have an implicit conversion to <xref:System.Enum> and to their underlying type.  
  
 If every element in `sourceArray` requires a downcast (for example, from a base class to a derived class or from an interface to an object) and one or more elements cannot be cast to the corresponding type in `destinationArray`, an <xref:System.InvalidCastException> is thrown.  
  
 If this method throws an exception while copying, the state of `destinationArray` is undefined.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is `length`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to copy from one <xref:System.Array> of type <xref:System.Object> to another <xref:System.Array> of type integer.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Classic Array.Copy1 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.Copy1 Example/CPP/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Classic Array.Copy1 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.Copy1 Example/CS/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Classic Array.Copy1 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.Copy1 Example/VB/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
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 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="destinationArray" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
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        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidCastException">At least one element in <paramref name="sourceArray" /> cannot be cast to the type of <paramref name="destinationArray" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="sourceIndex" /> is less than the lower bound of the first dimension of <paramref name="sourceArray" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="destinationIndex" /> is less than the lower bound of the first dimension of <paramref name="destinationArray" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="length" /> is less than zero.</exception>
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 -or-  
  
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        <param name="sourceArray">The <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that contains the data to copy.</param>
        <param name="sourceIndex">A 64-bit integer that represents the index in the <c>sourceArray</c> at which copying begins.</param>
        <param name="destinationArray">The <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that receives the data.</param>
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        <param name="length">A 64-bit integer that represents the number of elements to copy. The integer must be between zero and <see cref="F:System.Int32.MaxValue" />, inclusive.</param>
        <summary>Copies a range of elements from an <see cref="T:System.Array" /> starting at the specified source index and pastes them to another <see cref="T:System.Array" /> starting at the specified destination index. The length and the indexes are specified as 64-bit integers.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The `sourceArray` and `destinationArray` parameters must have the same number of dimensions. In addition, `destinationArray` must already have been dimensioned and must have a sufficient number of elements starting from the `destinationIndex` position to accommodate the copied data.  
  
 When copying between multidimensional arrays, the array behaves like a long one-dimensional array, where the rows (or columns) are conceptually laid end-to-end. For example, if an array has three rows (or columns) with four elements each, copying six elements from the beginning of the array would copy all four elements of the first row (or column) and the first two elements of the second row (or column). To start copying from the second element of the third row (or column), `sourceIndex` must be the upper bound of the first row (or column) plus the length of the second row (or column) plus two.  
  
 If `sourceArray` and `destinationArray` overlap, this method behaves as if the original values of `sourceArray` were preserved in a temporary location before `destinationArray` is overwritten.  
  
 [C++]  
  
 This method is equivalent to the standard C/C++ function `memmove`, not `memcpy`.  
  
 The arrays can be reference-type arrays or value-type arrays. Type downcasting is performed, as required.  
  
-   When copying from a reference-type array to a value-type array, each element is unboxed and then copied. When copying from a value-type array to a reference-type array, each element is boxed and then copied.  
  
-   When copying from a reference-type or value-type array to an <xref:System.Object> array, an <xref:System.Object> is created to hold each value or reference and then copied. When copying from an <xref:System.Object> array to a reference-type or value-type array and the assignment is not possible, an <xref:System.InvalidCastException> is thrown.  
  
-   If `sourceArray` and `destinationArray` are both reference-type arrays or are both arrays of type <xref:System.Object>, a shallow copy is performed. A shallow copy of an <xref:System.Array> is a new <xref:System.Array> containing references to the same elements as the original <xref:System.Array>. The elements themselves or anything referenced by the elements are not copied. In contrast, a deep copy of an <xref:System.Array> copies the elements and everything directly or indirectly referenced by the elements.  
  
 An <xref:System.ArrayTypeMismatchException> is thrown if the arrays are of incompatible types. Type compatibility is defined as follows:  
  
-   A type is compatible with itself.  
  
-   A value type is compatible with <xref:System.Object> and with an interface type implemented by that value type. A value type is considered connected to an interface only if it implements that interface directly. Disconnected types are not compatible.  
  
-   Two intrinsic (predefined) value types are compatible if copying from the source type to the destination type is a widening conversion. A widening conversion never loses information, whereas a narrowing conversion can lose information. For example, converting a 32-bit signed integer to a 64-bit signed integer is a widening conversion, and converting a 64-bit signed integer to a 32-bit signed integer is a narrowing conversion. For more information about conversions, see <xref:System.Convert>.  
  
-   A nonintrinsic (user-defined) value type is compatible only with itself.  
  
-   Enumerations have an implicit conversion to <xref:System.Enum> and to their underlying type.  
  
 If every element in `sourceArray` requires a downcast (for example, from a base class to a derived class or from an interface to an object) and one or more elements cannot be cast to the corresponding type in `destinationArray`, an <xref:System.InvalidCastException> is thrown.  
  
 If this method throws an exception while copying, the state of `destinationArray` is undefined.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is `length`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to copy from one <xref:System.Array> of type <xref:System.Object> to another <xref:System.Array> of type integer.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Classic Array.Copy1 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.Copy1 Example/CPP/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Classic Array.Copy1 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.Copy1 Example/CS/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Classic Array.Copy1 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.Copy1 Example/VB/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="sourceArray" /> is <see langword="null" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="destinationArray" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">
          <paramref name="sourceArray" /> and <paramref name="destinationArray" /> have different ranks.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArrayTypeMismatchException">
          <paramref name="sourceArray" /> and <paramref name="destinationArray" /> are of incompatible types.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidCastException">At least one element in <paramref name="sourceArray" /> cannot be cast to the type of <paramref name="destinationArray" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="sourceIndex" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for the <paramref name="sourceArray" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="destinationIndex" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for the <paramref name="destinationArray" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="length" /> is less than 0 or greater than <see cref="F:System.Int32.MaxValue" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="length" /> is greater than the number of elements from <paramref name="sourceIndex" /> to the end of <paramref name="sourceArray" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="length" /> is greater than the number of elements from <paramref name="destinationIndex" /> to the end of <paramref name="destinationArray" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.ConstrainedCopy(System.Array,System.Int32,System.Array,System.Int32,System.Int32)" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.Clone" />
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      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Void</ReturnType>
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        <Parameter Name="array" Type="System.Array" />
        <Parameter Name="index" Type="System.Int32" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <param name="array">The one-dimensional array that is the destination of the elements copied from the current array.</param>
        <param name="index">A 32-bit integer that represents the index in <c>array</c> at which copying begins.</param>
        <summary>Copies all the elements of the current one-dimensional array to the specified one-dimensional array starting at the specified destination array index. The index is specified as a 32-bit integer.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This method copies all the elements of the current array instance to the `array` destination array, starting at index `index`. The `array` destination array must already have been dimensioned and must have a sufficient number of elements to accommodate the copied elements. Otherwise, the method throws an exception.  
  
 This method supports the <xref:System.Collections.ICollection?displayProperty=nameWithType> interface. If implementing <xref:System.Collections.ICollection?displayProperty=nameWithType> is not explicitly required, use <xref:System.Array.Copy%2A> to avoid an extra indirection.  
  
 If this method throws an exception while copying, the state of `array` is undefined.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is <xref:System.Array.Length%2A>.It performs a shallow copy only.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to copy an <xref:System.Array> to another <xref:System.Array>.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Classic Array.CopyTo Example#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CopyTo Example/CPP/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Classic Array.CopyTo Example#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CopyTo Example/CS/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Classic Array.CopyTo Example#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CopyTo Example/VB/source.vb#1)]  
  
 The following code example shows how to copy an <xref:System.Array> to another <xref:System.Array> with a nonzero lower bound. Note that the entire source <xref:System.Array> is copied, including empty elements that overwrite existing elements in the target <xref:System.Array>.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Classic Array.CopyTo Example#2](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CopyTo Example/CPP/source.cpp#2)]
 [!code-csharp[Classic Array.CopyTo Example#2](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CopyTo Example/CS/source.cs#2)]
 [!code-vb[Classic Array.CopyTo Example#2](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CopyTo Example/VB/source.vb#2)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="index" /> is less than the lower bound of <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is multidimensional.  
  
 -or-  
  
 The number of elements in the source array is greater than the available number of elements from <paramref name="index" /> to the end of the destination <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArrayTypeMismatchException">The type of the source <see cref="T:System.Array" /> cannot be cast automatically to the type of the destination <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">The source array is multidimensional.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidCastException">At least one element in the source <see cref="T:System.Array" /> cannot be cast to the type of destination <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="T:System.Collections.ICollection" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.Copy(System.Array,System.Array,System.Int32)" />
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    <Member MemberName="CopyTo">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public void CopyTo (Array array, long index);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig instance void CopyTo(class System.Array array, int64 index) cil managed" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Array.CopyTo(System.Array,System.Int64)" />
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          <AttributeName>System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(false)</AttributeName>
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        <ReturnType>System.Void</ReturnType>
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      <Parameters>
        <Parameter Name="array" Type="System.Array" />
        <Parameter Name="index" Type="System.Int64" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <param name="array">The one-dimensional array that is the destination of the elements copied from the current array.</param>
        <param name="index">A 64-bit integer that represents the index in <c>array</c> at which copying begins.</param>
        <summary>Copies all the elements of the current one-dimensional array to the specified one-dimensional array starting at the specified destination array index. The index is specified as a 64-bit integer.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This method copies all the elements of the current array instance to the `array` destination array, starting at index `index`. The `array` destination array must already have been dimensioned and must have a sufficient number of elements to accommodate the copied elements. Otherwise, the method throws an exception.  
  
 This method supports the <xref:System.Collections.ICollection?displayProperty=nameWithType> interface. If implementing <xref:System.Collections.ICollection?displayProperty=nameWithType> is not explicitly required, use <xref:System.Array.Copy%2A> to avoid an extra indirection.  
  
 If this method throws an exception while copying, the state of `array` is undefined.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is <xref:System.Array.Length%2A>.It performs a shallow copy only.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to copy an <xref:System.Array> to another <xref:System.Array>.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Classic Array.CopyTo Example#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CopyTo Example/CPP/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Classic Array.CopyTo Example#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CopyTo Example/CS/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Classic Array.CopyTo Example#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CopyTo Example/VB/source.vb#1)]  
  
 The following code example shows how to copy an <xref:System.Array> to another <xref:System.Array> with a nonzero lower bound. Note that the entire source <xref:System.Array> is copied, including empty elements that overwrite existing elements in the target <xref:System.Array>.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Classic Array.CopyTo Example#2](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CopyTo Example/CPP/source.cpp#2)]
 [!code-csharp[Classic Array.CopyTo Example#2](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CopyTo Example/CS/source.cs#2)]
 [!code-vb[Classic Array.CopyTo Example#2](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CopyTo Example/VB/source.vb#2)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="index" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is multidimensional.  
  
 -or-  
  
 The number of elements in the source array is greater than the available number of elements from <paramref name="index" /> to the end of the destination <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArrayTypeMismatchException">The type of the source <see cref="T:System.Array" /> cannot be cast automatically to the type of the destination <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">The source <see cref="T:System.Array" /> is multidimensional.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidCastException">At least one element in the source <see cref="T:System.Array" /> cannot be cast to the type of destination <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="T:System.Collections.ICollection" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.Copy(System.Array,System.Array,System.Int64)" />
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <MemberGroup MemberName="CreateInstance">
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        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
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        <summary>Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> class.</summary>
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    <Member MemberName="CreateInstance">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public static Array CreateInstance (Type elementType, int length);" />
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        <Parameter Name="length" Type="System.Int32" />
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      <Docs>
        <param name="elementType">The <see cref="T:System.Type" /> of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to create.</param>
        <param name="length">The size of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to create.</param>
        <summary>Creates a one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> of the specified <see cref="T:System.Type" /> and length, with zero-based indexing.</summary>
        <returns>A new one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> of the specified <see cref="T:System.Type" /> with the specified length, using zero-based indexing.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 Unlike most classes, <xref:System.Array> provides the <xref:System.Array.CreateInstance%2A> method, instead of public constructors, to allow for late bound access.  
  
 Reference-type elements are initialized to `null`. Value-type elements are initialized to zero.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is `length`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to create and initialize a one-dimensional <xref:System.Array>.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Classic Array.CreateInstance Example#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CreateInstance Example/CPP/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Classic Array.CreateInstance Example#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CreateInstance Example/CS/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Classic Array.CreateInstance Example#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CreateInstance Example/VB/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="elementType" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="elementType" /> is not a valid <see cref="T:System.Type" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.NotSupportedException">
          <paramref name="elementType" /> is not supported. For example, <see cref="T:System.Void" /> is not supported.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="elementType" /> is an open generic type.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="length" /> is less than zero.</exception>
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        <Parameter Name="lengths" Type="System.Int32[]">
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              <AttributeName>System.ParamArray</AttributeName>
            </Attribute>
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        <param name="elementType">The <see cref="T:System.Type" /> of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to create.</param>
        <param name="lengths">An array of 32-bit integers that represent the size of each dimension of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to create.</param>
        <summary>Creates a multidimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> of the specified <see cref="T:System.Type" /> and dimension lengths, with zero-based indexing. The dimension lengths are specified in an array of 32-bit integers.</summary>
        <returns>A new multidimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> of the specified <see cref="T:System.Type" /> with the specified length for each dimension, using zero-based indexing.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 Unlike most classes, <xref:System.Array> provides the <xref:System.Array.CreateInstance%2A> method, instead of public constructors, to allow for late bound access.  
  
 The number of elements in the `lengths` array must equal the number of dimensions in the new <xref:System.Array>. Each element of the `lengths` array must specify the length of the corresponding dimension in the new <xref:System.Array>.  
  
 Reference-type elements are initialized to `null`. Value-type elements are initialized to zero.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the product of all values in `lengths`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to create and initialize a multidimensional <xref:System.Array>.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Classic Array.CreateInstance3 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CreateInstance3 Example/CPP/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Classic Array.CreateInstance3 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CreateInstance3 Example/CS/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Classic Array.CreateInstance3 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CreateInstance3 Example/VB/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="elementType" /> is <see langword="null" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="lengths" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="elementType" /> is not a valid <see cref="T:System.Type" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 The <paramref name="lengths" /> array contains less than one element.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.NotSupportedException">
          <paramref name="elementType" /> is not supported. For example, <see cref="T:System.Void" /> is not supported.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="elementType" /> is an open generic type.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">Any value in <paramref name="lengths" /> is less than zero.</exception>
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        <Parameter Name="lengths" Type="System.Int64[]">
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        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 Unlike most classes, <xref:System.Array> provides the <xref:System.Array.CreateInstance%2A> method, instead of public constructors, to allow for late bound access.  
  
 The number of elements in the `lengths` array must equal the number of dimensions in the new <xref:System.Array>. Each element of the `lengths` array must specify the length of the corresponding dimension in the new <xref:System.Array>.  
  
 Reference-type elements are initialized to `null`. Value-type elements are initialized to zero.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the product of all values in `lengths`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to create and initialize a multidimensional <xref:System.Array>.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Classic Array.CreateInstance3 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CreateInstance3 Example/CPP/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Classic Array.CreateInstance3 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CreateInstance3 Example/CS/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Classic Array.CreateInstance3 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CreateInstance3 Example/VB/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="elementType" /> is <see langword="null" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="lengths" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="elementType" /> is not a valid <see cref="T:System.Type" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 The <paramref name="lengths" /> array contains less than one element.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.NotSupportedException">
          <paramref name="elementType" /> is not supported. For example, <see cref="T:System.Void" /> is not supported.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="elementType" /> is an open generic type.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">Any value in <paramref name="lengths" /> is less than zero or greater than <see cref="F:System.Int32.MaxValue" />.</exception>
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        <param name="elementType">The <see cref="T:System.Type" /> of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to create.</param>
        <param name="length1">The size of the first dimension of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to create.</param>
        <param name="length2">The size of the second dimension of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to create.</param>
        <summary>Creates a two-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> of the specified <see cref="T:System.Type" /> and dimension lengths, with zero-based indexing.</summary>
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        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 Unlike most classes, <xref:System.Array> provides the <xref:System.Array.CreateInstance%2A> method, instead of public constructors, to allow for late bound access.  
  
 Reference-type elements are initialized to `null`. Value-type elements are initialized to zero.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the product of `length1` and `length2`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to create and initialize a two-dimensional <xref:System.Array>.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Classic Array.CreateInstance1 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CreateInstance1 Example/CPP/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Classic Array.CreateInstance1 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CreateInstance1 Example/CS/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Classic Array.CreateInstance1 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CreateInstance1 Example/VB/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
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          <paramref name="elementType" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
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          <paramref name="elementType" /> is not a valid <see cref="T:System.Type" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.NotSupportedException">
          <paramref name="elementType" /> is not supported. For example, <see cref="T:System.Void" /> is not supported.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="elementType" /> is an open generic type.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="length1" /> is less than zero.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="length2" /> is less than zero.</exception>
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        <param name="lowerBounds">A one-dimensional array that contains the lower bound (starting index) of each dimension of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to create.</param>
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        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 Unlike most classes, <xref:System.Array> provides the <xref:System.Array.CreateInstance%2A> method, instead of public constructors, to allow for late bound access.  
  
 The `lengths` and `lowerBounds` arrays must have the same number of elements. The number of elements in the `lengths` array must equal the number of dimensions in the new <xref:System.Array>.  
  
 Each element of the `lengths` array must specify the length of the corresponding dimension in the new <xref:System.Array>.  
  
 Each element of the `lowerBounds` array must specify the lower bound of the corresponding dimension in the new <xref:System.Array>. Generally, the .NET Framework class library and many programming languages do not handle nonzero lower bounds.  
  
 Reference-type elements are initialized to `null`. Value-type elements are initialized to zero.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the product of all values in `lengths`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to create and initialize a multidimensional <xref:System.Array> with specified lower bounds.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Classic Array.CreateInstance4 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CreateInstance4 Example/CPP/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Classic Array.CreateInstance4 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CreateInstance4 Example/CS/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Classic Array.CreateInstance4 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CreateInstance4 Example/VB/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
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          <paramref name="elementType" /> is <see langword="null" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="lengths" /> is <see langword="null" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="lowerBounds" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="elementType" /> is not a valid <see cref="T:System.Type" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 The <paramref name="lengths" /> array contains less than one element.  
  
 -or-  
  
 The <paramref name="lengths" /> and <paramref name="lowerBounds" /> arrays do not contain the same number of elements.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.NotSupportedException">
          <paramref name="elementType" /> is not supported. For example, <see cref="T:System.Void" /> is not supported.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="elementType" /> is an open generic type.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">Any value in <paramref name="lengths" /> is less than zero.  
  
 -or-  
  
 Any value in <paramref name="lowerBounds" /> is very large, such that the sum of a dimension's lower bound and length is greater than <see cref="F:System.Int32.MaxValue" />.</exception>
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          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 Unlike most classes, <xref:System.Array> provides the <xref:System.Array.CreateInstance%2A> method, instead of public constructors, to allow for late bound access.  
  
 Reference-type elements are initialized to `null`. Value-type elements are initialized to zero.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the product of `length1`, `length2`, and `length3`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to create and initialize a three-dimensional <xref:System.Array>.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Classic Array.CreateInstance2 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CreateInstance2 Example/CPP/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Classic Array.CreateInstance2 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CreateInstance2 Example/CS/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Classic Array.CreateInstance2 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.CreateInstance2 Example/VB/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
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          <paramref name="elementType" /> is not a valid <see cref="T:System.Type" />.</exception>
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          <paramref name="elementType" /> is not supported. For example, <see cref="T:System.Void" /> is not supported.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="elementType" /> is an open generic type.</exception>
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 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="length2" /> is less than zero.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="length3" /> is less than zero.</exception>
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        <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements of the array.</typeparam>
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          <see langword="true" /> if <paramref name="array" /> contains one or more elements that match the conditions defined by the specified predicate; otherwise, <see langword="false" />.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Predicate%601> is a delegate to a method that returns `true` if the object passed to it matches the conditions defined in the delegate.  The elements of `array` are individually passed to the <xref:System.Predicate%601>, and processing is stopped when a match is found.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  In C# and Visual Basic, it is not necessary to create the <xref:System.Predicate%601> delegate explicitly. These languages infer the correct delegate from context and create it automatically.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following example specifies the match conditions for the <xref:System.Array.Exists%2A> method usinglambda expressions to check whether a planet starts with a given letter or whether the planet is found on the given array.  
  
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.Exists#3](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.exists/cs/exists3.cs#3)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.Exists#3](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.exists/vb/exists3.vb#3)]  
  
 The following example uses the <xref:System.Array.Exists%2A> method to indicate whether any names in a string array begin with a specified character. The example instantiates a `StringSearcher` object by passing the string to search for to its class constructor. The `StringSearcher.StartsWith` method has same signature as the <xref:System.Predicate%601> delegate. When the <xref:System.Array.Exists%2A> method is called, each member of the array is passed to the delegate until it returns `true` or iterates all the elements in the array.  
  
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.Exists#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.exists/cs/exists1.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.Exists#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.exists/vb/exists1.vb#1)]  
  
 You can also use a lambda expression rather than explicitly define a method whose signature corresponds to that of the delegate. The following example replaces the `StringSearcher` class and its `StartsWith` method with a lambda expression.  
  
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.Exists#2](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.exists/cs/exists2.cs#2)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.Exists#2](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.exists/vb/exists2.vb#2)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
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 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="match" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
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        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.TrueForAll``1(``0[],System.Predicate{``0})" />
        <altmember cref="T:System.Predicate`1" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/csharp/programming-guide/statements-expressions-operators/lambda-expressions.md">Lambda Expressions (C# Programming Guide)</related>
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/visual-basic/programming-guide/language-features/procedures/lambda-expressions.md">Lambda Expressions (Visual Basic)</related>
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        <typeparam name="T">To be added.</typeparam>
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        <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements of the array.</typeparam>
        <param name="array">The one-dimensional, zero-based array to search.</param>
        <param name="match">The predicate that defines the conditions of the element to search for.</param>
        <summary>Searches for an element that matches the conditions defined by the specified predicate, and returns the first occurrence within the entire <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</summary>
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        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Predicate%601> is a delegate to a method or a lambda expression that returns `true` if the object passed to it matches the conditions defined in the delegate or lambda expression.  The elements of `array` are individually passed to the <xref:System.Predicate%601>, starting with the first element and ending with the last element.  Processing is stopped when a match is found.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following example uses a <xref:System.Predicate%601> delegate with the <xref:System.Array.Find%2A> generic method to search an array of <xref:System.Drawing.Point> structures. The method the delegate represents, `ProductGT10`, returns `true` if the product of the X and Y fields is greater than 100,000. The <xref:System.Array.Find%2A> method calls the delegate for each element of the array, returning the first point that meets the test condition.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  Visual Basic and C# users do not have to create the delegate explicitly or specify the type argument of the generic method. The compilers determine the necessary types from the method arguments you supply.  
  
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.Find#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.find/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.Find#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.find/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 Rather than explicitly defining a method with the necessary signature, instantiating a <xref:System.Predicate%601> delegate, and passing the delegate to the <xref:System.Array.Find%2A> method, it is customary to use a lambda expression. The following example is identical to the previous one, except that it uses a lambda expression as the `match` argument.  
  
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.Find#2](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.find/cs/lambda.cs#2)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.Find#2](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.find/vb/lambda.vb#2)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="match" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
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        <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements of the array.</typeparam>
        <param name="array">The one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to search.</param>
        <param name="match">The <see cref="T:System.Predicate`1" /> that defines the conditions of the elements to search for.</param>
        <summary>Retrieves all the elements that match the conditions defined by the specified predicate.</summary>
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        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Predicate%601> is a delegate to a method that returns `true` if the object passed to it matches the conditions defined in the delegate.  The elements of `array` are individually passed to the <xref:System.Predicate%601>, and the elements that match the conditions are saved in the returned array.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following example creates an array of 50 random numbers with values that can range from 0 to 1,000. It then calls the <xref:System.Array.FindAll%2A> method with a lambda expression that returns the values that range from 300 to 600. Note that the lambda expression is passed a parameter named `x`;  this represents the individual array member that is passed to the <xref:System.Predicate%601>. Also note that the local `lBound` and `uBound` variables are accessible within the lambda expression.  
  
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.FindAll#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.findall/cs/findall.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.FindAll#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.findall/vb/findall.vb#1)]  
  
 The following code example demonstrates the <xref:System.Array.Find%2A>, <xref:System.Array.FindLast%2A>, and <xref:System.Array.FindAll%2A> generic methods. An array of strings is created, containing 8 dinosaur names, two of which (at positions 1 and 5) end with "saurus". The code example also defines a search predicate method named `EndsWithSaurus`, which accepts a string parameter and returns a Boolean value indicating whether the input string ends in "saurus".  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.Find%2A> generic method traverses the array from the beginning, passing each element in turn to the `EndsWithSaurus` method. The search stops when the `EndsWithSaurus` method returns `true` for the element "Amargasaurus".  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  In C# and Visual Basic, it is not necessary to create the `Predicate<string>` delegate (`Predicate(Of String)` in Visual Basic) explicitly. These languages infer the correct delegate from context and create it automatically.  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.FindLast%2A> generic method is used to search the array backward from the end. It finds the element "Dilophosaurus" at position 5. The <xref:System.Array.FindAll%2A> generic method is used to return an array containing all the elements that end in "saurus". The elements are displayed.  
  
 The code example also demonstrates the <xref:System.Array.Exists%2A> and <xref:System.Array.TrueForAll%2A> generic methods.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_FindEtAl#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindEtAl/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_FindEtAl#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindEtAl/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_FindEtAl#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindEtAl/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="match" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.Exists``1(``0[],System.Predicate{``0})" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.Find``1(``0[],System.Predicate{``0})" />
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        <altmember cref="T:System.Predicate`1" />
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        <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements of the array.</typeparam>
        <param name="array">The one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to search.</param>
        <param name="match">The <see cref="T:System.Predicate`1" /> that defines the conditions of the element to search for.</param>
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        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Array> is searched forward starting at the first element and ending at the last element.  
  
 The <xref:System.Predicate%601> is a delegate to a method that returns `true` if the object passed to it matches the conditions defined in the delegate.  The elements of `array` are individually passed to the <xref:System.Predicate%601>.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates all three overloads of the <xref:System.Array.FindIndex%2A> generic method. An array of strings is created, containing 8 dinosaur names, two of which (at positions 1 and 5) end with "saurus". The code example also defines a search predicate method named `EndsWithSaurus`, which accepts a string parameter and returns a Boolean value indicating whether the input string ends in "saurus".  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.FindIndex%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Predicate%7B%60%600%7D%29> method overload traverses the array from the beginning, passing each element in turn to the `EndsWithSaurus` method. The search stops when the `EndsWithSaurus` method returns `true` for the element at position 1.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  In C# and Visual Basic, it is not necessary to create the `Predicate<string>` delegate (`Predicate(Of String)` in Visual Basic) explicitly. These languages infer the correct delegate from context and create it automatically.  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.FindIndex%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Predicate%7B%60%600%7D%29> method overload is used to search the array beginning at position 2 and continuing to the end of the array. It finds the element at position 5. Finally, the <xref:System.Array.FindIndex%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Predicate%7B%60%600%7D%29> method overload is used to search the range of three elements beginning at position 2. It returns –1 because there are no dinosaur names in that range that end with "saurus".  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_FindIndex#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindIndex/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_FindIndex#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindIndex/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_FindIndex#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindIndex/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="match" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.Exists``1(``0[],System.Predicate{``0})" />
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        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.BinarySearch" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.IndexOf" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.LastIndexOf" />
        <altmember cref="T:System.Predicate`1" />
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        <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements of the array.</typeparam>
        <param name="array">The one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to search.</param>
        <param name="startIndex">The zero-based starting index of the search.</param>
        <param name="match">The <see cref="T:System.Predicate`1" /> that defines the conditions of the element to search for.</param>
        <summary>Searches for an element that matches the conditions defined by the specified predicate, and returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence within the range of elements in the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that extends from the specified index to the last element.</summary>
        <returns>The zero-based index of the first occurrence of an element that matches the conditions defined by <paramref name="match" />, if found; otherwise, -1.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Array> is searched forward starting at `startIndex` and ending at the last element.  
  
 The <xref:System.Predicate%601> is a delegate to a method that returns `true` if the object passed to it matches the conditions defined in the delegate.  The elements of `array` are individually passed to the <xref:System.Predicate%601>.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the number of elements from `startIndex` to the end of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates all three overloads of the <xref:System.Array.FindIndex%2A> generic method. An array of strings is created, containing 8 dinosaur names, two of which (at positions 1 and 5) end with "saurus". The code example also defines a search predicate method named `EndsWithSaurus`, which accepts a string parameter and returns a Boolean value indicating whether the input string ends in "saurus".  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.FindIndex%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Predicate%7B%60%600%7D%29> method overload traverses the array from the beginning, passing each element in turn to the `EndsWithSaurus` method. The search stops when the `EndsWithSaurus` method returns `true` for the element at position 1.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  In C# and Visual Basic, it is not necessary to create the `Predicate<string>` delegate (`Predicate(Of String)` in Visual Basic) explicitly. These languages infer the correct delegate from context and create it automatically.  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.FindIndex%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Predicate%7B%60%600%7D%29> method overload is used to search the array beginning at position 2 and continuing to the end of the array. It finds the element at position 5. Finally, the <xref:System.Array.FindIndex%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Predicate%7B%60%600%7D%29> method overload is used to search the range of three elements beginning at position 2. It returns –1 because there are no dinosaur names in that range that end with "saurus".  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_FindIndex#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindIndex/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_FindIndex#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindIndex/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_FindIndex#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindIndex/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="match" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="startIndex" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
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        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.BinarySearch" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.IndexOf" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.LastIndexOf" />
        <altmember cref="T:System.Predicate`1" />
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        <ReturnType>System.Int32</ReturnType>
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        <TypeParameter Name="T" />
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        <Parameter Name="array" Type="T[]" />
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        <Parameter Name="count" Type="System.Int32" />
        <Parameter Name="match" Type="System.Predicate&lt;T&gt;" />
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      <Docs>
        <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements of the array.</typeparam>
        <param name="array">The one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to search.</param>
        <param name="startIndex">The zero-based starting index of the search.</param>
        <param name="count">The number of elements in the section to search.</param>
        <param name="match">The <see cref="T:System.Predicate`1" /> that defines the conditions of the element to search for.</param>
        <summary>Searches for an element that matches the conditions defined by the specified predicate, and returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence within the range of elements in the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that starts at the specified index and contains the specified number of elements.</summary>
        <returns>The zero-based index of the first occurrence of an element that matches the conditions defined by <paramref name="match" />, if found; otherwise, -1.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Array> is searched forward starting at `startIndex` and ending at `startIndex` plus `count` minus 1, if `count` is greater than 0.  
  
 The <xref:System.Predicate%601> is a delegate to a method that returns `true` if the object passed to it matches the conditions defined in the delegate.  The elements of `array` are individually passed to the <xref:System.Predicate%601>.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is `count`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates all three overloads of the <xref:System.Array.FindIndex%2A> generic method. An array of strings is created, containing 8 dinosaur names, two of which (at positions 1 and 5) end with "saurus". The code example also defines a search predicate method named `EndsWithSaurus`, which accepts a string parameter and returns a Boolean value indicating whether the input string ends in "saurus".  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.FindIndex%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Predicate%7B%60%600%7D%29> method overload traverses the array from the beginning, passing each element in turn to the `EndsWithSaurus` method. The search stops when the `EndsWithSaurus` method returns `true` for the element at position 1.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  In C# and Visual Basic, it is not necessary to create the `Predicate<string>` delegate (`Predicate(Of String)` in Visual Basic) explicitly. These languages infer the correct delegate from context and create it automatically.  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.FindIndex%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Predicate%7B%60%600%7D%29> method overload is used to search the array beginning at position 2 and continuing to the end of the array. It finds the element at position 5. Finally, the <xref:System.Array.FindIndex%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Predicate%7B%60%600%7D%29> method overload is used to search the range of three elements beginning at position 2. It returns –1 because there are no dinosaur names in that range that end with "saurus".  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_FindIndex#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindIndex/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_FindIndex#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindIndex/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_FindIndex#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindIndex/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="match" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="startIndex" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for <paramref name="array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="count" /> is less than zero.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="startIndex" /> and <paramref name="count" /> do not specify a valid section in <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
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        <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements of the array.</typeparam>
        <param name="array">The one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to search.</param>
        <param name="match">The <see cref="T:System.Predicate`1" /> that defines the conditions of the element to search for.</param>
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        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Predicate%601> is a delegate to a method that returns `true` if the object passed to it matches the conditions defined in the delegate.  The elements of `array` are individually passed to the <xref:System.Predicate%601>, moving backward in the <xref:System.Array>, starting with the last element and ending with the first element.  Processing is stopped when a match is found.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates the <xref:System.Array.Find%2A>, <xref:System.Array.FindLast%2A>, and <xref:System.Array.FindAll%2A> generic methods. An array of strings is created, containing 8 dinosaur names, two of which (at positions 1 and 5) end with "saurus". The code example also defines a search predicate method named `EndsWithSaurus`, which accepts a string parameter and returns a Boolean value indicating whether the input string ends in "saurus".  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.Find%2A> generic method traverses the array from the beginning, passing each element in turn to the `EndsWithSaurus` method. The search stops when the `EndsWithSaurus` method returns `true` for the element "Amargasaurus".  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  In C# and Visual Basic, it is not necessary to create the`Predicate<string>` delegate (`Predicate(Of String)` in Visual Basic) explicitly. These languages infer the correct delegate from context and create it automatically.  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.FindLast%2A> generic method is used to search the array backward from the end. It finds the element "Dilophosaurus" at position 5. The <xref:System.Array.FindAll%2A> generic method is used to return an array containing all the elements that end in "saurus". The elements are displayed.  
  
 The code example also demonstrates the <xref:System.Array.Exists%2A> and <xref:System.Array.TrueForAll%2A> generic methods.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_FindEtAl#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindEtAl/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_FindEtAl#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindEtAl/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_FindEtAl#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindEtAl/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="match" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
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        <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements of the array.</typeparam>
        <param name="array">The one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to search.</param>
        <param name="match">The <see cref="T:System.Predicate`1" /> that defines the conditions of the element to search for.</param>
        <summary>Searches for an element that matches the conditions defined by the specified predicate, and returns the zero-based index of the last occurrence within the entire <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</summary>
        <returns>The zero-based index of the last occurrence of an element that matches the conditions defined by <paramref name="match" />, if found; otherwise, –1.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Array> is searched backward starting at the last element and ending at the first element.  
  
 The <xref:System.Predicate%601> is a delegate to a method that returns `true` if the object passed to it matches the conditions defined in the delegate.  The elements of `array` are individually passed to the <xref:System.Predicate%601>.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates all three overloads of the <xref:System.Array.FindLastIndex%2A> generic method. An array of strings is created, containing 8 dinosaur names, two of which (at positions 1 and 5) end with "saurus". The code example also defines a search predicate method named `EndsWithSaurus`, which accepts a string parameter and returns a Boolean value indicating whether the input string ends in "saurus".  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.FindLastIndex%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Predicate%7B%60%600%7D%29> method overload traverses the array backward from the end, passing each element in turn to the `EndsWithSaurus` method. The search stops when the `EndsWithSaurus` method returns `true` for the element at position 5.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  In C# and Visual Basic, it is not necessary to create the `Predicate<string>` delegate (`Predicate(Of String)` in Visual Basic) explicitly. These languages infer the correct delegate from context and create it automatically.  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.FindLastIndex%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Predicate%7B%60%600%7D%29> method overload is used to search the array beginning at position 4 and continuing backward to the beginning of the array. It finds the element at position 1. Finally, the <xref:System.Array.FindLastIndex%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Predicate%7B%60%600%7D%29> method overload is used to search the range of three elements beginning at position 4 and working backward (that is, elements 4, 3, and 2). It returns –1 because there are no dinosaur names in that range that end with "saurus".  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_FindLastIndex#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindLastIndex/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_FindLastIndex#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindLastIndex/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_FindLastIndex#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindLastIndex/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="match" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.Exists``1(``0[],System.Predicate{``0})" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.Find``1(``0[],System.Predicate{``0})" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.FindLast``1(``0[],System.Predicate{``0})" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.FindAll``1(``0[],System.Predicate{``0})" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.BinarySearch" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.IndexOf" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.LastIndexOf" />
        <altmember cref="T:System.Predicate`1" />
      </Docs>
    </Member>
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        <ReturnType>System.Int32</ReturnType>
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        <TypeParameter Name="T" />
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        <Parameter Name="array" Type="T[]" />
        <Parameter Name="startIndex" Type="System.Int32" />
        <Parameter Name="match" Type="System.Predicate&lt;T&gt;" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements of the array.</typeparam>
        <param name="array">The one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to search.</param>
        <param name="startIndex">The zero-based starting index of the backward search.</param>
        <param name="match">The <see cref="T:System.Predicate`1" /> that defines the conditions of the element to search for.</param>
        <summary>Searches for an element that matches the conditions defined by the specified predicate, and returns the zero-based index of the last occurrence within the range of elements in the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that extends from the first element to the specified index.</summary>
        <returns>The zero-based index of the last occurrence of an element that matches the conditions defined by <paramref name="match" />, if found; otherwise, –1.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Array> is searched backward starting at `startIndex` and ending at the first element.  
  
 The <xref:System.Predicate%601> is a delegate to a method that returns `true` if the object passed to it matches the conditions defined in the delegate.  The elements of `array` are individually passed to the <xref:System.Predicate%601>.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the number of elements from the beginning of `array` to `startIndex`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates all three overloads of the <xref:System.Array.FindLastIndex%2A> generic method. An array of strings is created, containing 8 dinosaur names, two of which (at positions 1 and 5) end with "saurus". The code example also defines a search predicate method named `EndsWithSaurus`, which accepts a string parameter and returns a Boolean value indicating whether the input string ends in "saurus".  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.FindLastIndex%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Predicate%7B%60%600%7D%29> method overload traverses the array backward from the end, passing each element in turn to the `EndsWithSaurus` method. The search stops when the `EndsWithSaurus` method returns `true` for the element at position 5.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  In C# and Visual Basic, it is not necessary to create the `Predicate<string>` delegate (`Predicate(Of String)` in Visual Basic) explicitly. These languages infer the correct delegate from context and create it automatically.  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.FindLastIndex%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Predicate%7B%60%600%7D%29> method overload is used to search the array beginning at position 4 and continuing backward to the beginning of the array. It finds the element at position 1. Finally, the <xref:System.Array.FindLastIndex%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Predicate%7B%60%600%7D%29> method overload is used to search the range of three elements beginning at position 4 and working backward (that is, elements 4, 3, and 2). It returns –1 because there are no dinosaur names in that range that end with "saurus".  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_FindLastIndex#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindLastIndex/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_FindLastIndex#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindLastIndex/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_FindLastIndex#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindLastIndex/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="match" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="startIndex" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.Exists``1(``0[],System.Predicate{``0})" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.Find``1(``0[],System.Predicate{``0})" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.FindLast``1(``0[],System.Predicate{``0})" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.FindAll``1(``0[],System.Predicate{``0})" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.BinarySearch" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.IndexOf" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.LastIndexOf" />
        <altmember cref="T:System.Predicate`1" />
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="FindLastIndex&lt;T&gt;">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public static int FindLastIndex&lt;T&gt; (T[] array, int startIndex, int count, Predicate&lt;T&gt; match);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public static hidebysig int32 FindLastIndex&lt;T&gt;(!!T[] array, int32 startIndex, int32 count, class System.Predicate`1&lt;!!T&gt; match) cil managed" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Array.FindLastIndex``1(``0[],System.Int32,System.Int32,System.Predicate{``0})" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Shared Function FindLastIndex(Of T) (array As T(), startIndex As Integer, count As Integer, match As Predicate(Of T)) As Integer" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:&#xA;generic &lt;typename T&gt;&#xA; static int FindLastIndex(cli::array &lt;T&gt; ^ array, int startIndex, int count, Predicate&lt;T&gt; ^ match);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="static member FindLastIndex : 'T[] * int * int * Predicate&lt;'T&gt; -&gt; int" Usage="System.Array.FindLastIndex (array, startIndex, count, match)" />
      <MemberType>Method</MemberType>
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        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
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      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
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      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Int32</ReturnType>
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      <TypeParameters>
        <TypeParameter Name="T" />
      </TypeParameters>
      <Parameters>
        <Parameter Name="array" Type="T[]" />
        <Parameter Name="startIndex" Type="System.Int32" />
        <Parameter Name="count" Type="System.Int32" />
        <Parameter Name="match" Type="System.Predicate&lt;T&gt;" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements of the array.</typeparam>
        <param name="array">The one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to search.</param>
        <param name="startIndex">The zero-based starting index of the backward search.</param>
        <param name="count">The number of elements in the section to search.</param>
        <param name="match">The <see cref="T:System.Predicate`1" /> that defines the conditions of the element to search for.</param>
        <summary>Searches for an element that matches the conditions defined by the specified predicate, and returns the zero-based index of the last occurrence within the range of elements in the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that contains the specified number of elements and ends at the specified index.</summary>
        <returns>The zero-based index of the last occurrence of an element that matches the conditions defined by <paramref name="match" />, if found; otherwise, –1.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Array> is searched backward starting at `startIndex` and ending at `startIndex` minus `count` plus 1, if `count` is greater than 0.  
  
 The <xref:System.Predicate%601> is a delegate to a method that returns `true` if the object passed to it matches the conditions defined in the delegate.  The elements of `array` are individually passed to the <xref:System.Predicate%601>.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is `count`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates all three overloads of the <xref:System.Array.FindLastIndex%2A> generic method. An array of strings is created, containing 8 dinosaur names, two of which (at positions 1 and 5) end with "saurus". The code example also defines a search predicate method named `EndsWithSaurus`, which accepts a string parameter and returns a Boolean value indicating whether the input string ends in "saurus".  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.FindLastIndex%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Predicate%7B%60%600%7D%29> method overload traverses the array backward from the end, passing each element in turn to the `EndsWithSaurus` method. The search stops when the `EndsWithSaurus` method returns `true` for the element at position 5.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  In C# and Visual Basic, it is not necessary to create the `Predicate<string>` delegate (`Predicate(Of String)` in Visual Basic) explicitly. These languages infer the correct delegate from context and create it automatically.  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.FindLastIndex%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Predicate%7B%60%600%7D%29> method overload is used to search the array beginning at position 4 and continuing backward to the beginning of the array. It finds the element at position 1. Finally, the <xref:System.Array.FindLastIndex%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Predicate%7B%60%600%7D%29> method overload is used to search the range of three elements beginning at position 4 and working backward (that is, elements 4, 3, and 2). It returns –1 because there are no dinosaur names in that range that end with "saurus".  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_FindLastIndex#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindLastIndex/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_FindLastIndex#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindLastIndex/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_FindLastIndex#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_FindLastIndex/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="match" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="startIndex" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for <paramref name="array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="count" /> is less than zero.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="startIndex" /> and <paramref name="count" /> do not specify a valid section in <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.Exists``1(``0[],System.Predicate{``0})" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.Find``1(``0[],System.Predicate{``0})" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.FindLast``1(``0[],System.Predicate{``0})" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.FindAll``1(``0[],System.Predicate{``0})" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.BinarySearch" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.IndexOf" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.LastIndexOf" />
        <altmember cref="T:System.Predicate`1" />
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="ForEach&lt;T&gt;">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public static void ForEach&lt;T&gt; (T[] array, Action&lt;T&gt; action);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public static hidebysig void ForEach&lt;T&gt;(!!T[] array, class System.Action`1&lt;!!T&gt; action) cil managed" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Array.ForEach``1(``0[],System.Action{``0})" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Shared Sub ForEach(Of T) (array As T(), action As Action(Of T))" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:&#xA;generic &lt;typename T&gt;&#xA; static void ForEach(cli::array &lt;T&gt; ^ array, Action&lt;T&gt; ^ action);" />
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        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
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      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Void</ReturnType>
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      <TypeParameters>
        <TypeParameter Name="T" />
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        <Parameter Name="action" Type="System.Action&lt;T&gt;" />
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        <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements of the array.</typeparam>
        <param name="array">The one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> on whose elements the action is to be performed.</param>
        <param name="action">The <see cref="T:System.Action`1" /> to perform on each element of <c>array</c>.</param>
        <summary>Performs the specified action on each element of the specified array.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Action%601> is a delegate to a method that performs an action on the object passed to it.  The elements of `array` are individually passed to the <xref:System.Action%601>.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following example shows how to use <xref:System.Array.ForEach%2A> to display the squares of each element in an integer array.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array.ForEach#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.foreach/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.ForEach#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.foreach/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.ForEach#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.foreach/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="action" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="T:System.Action`1" />
      </Docs>
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    <Member MemberName="GetEnumerator">
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      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig newslot virtual instance class System.Collections.IEnumerator GetEnumerator() cil managed" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Array.GetEnumerator" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Function GetEnumerator () As IEnumerator" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:&#xA; virtual System::Collections::IEnumerator ^ GetEnumerator();" />
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      <AssemblyInfo>
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        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
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        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Collections.IEnumerator</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Parameters />
      <Docs>
        <summary>Returns an <see cref="T:System.Collections.IEnumerator" /> for the <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</summary>
        <returns>An <see cref="T:System.Collections.IEnumerator" /> for the <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 [Visual Basic, C#]  
  
 The `foreach` statement of the C# language (`for each` in C++, `For Each` in Visual Basic) hides the complexity of the enumerators. Therefore, using `foreach` is recommended, instead of directly manipulating the enumerator.  
  
 Enumerators can be used to read the data in the collection, but they cannot be used to modify the underlying collection.  
  
 Initially, the enumerator is positioned before the first element in the collection. <xref:System.Collections.IEnumerator.Reset%2A> also brings the enumerator back to this position.  At this position, <xref:System.Collections.IEnumerator.Current%2A> is undefined. Therefore, you must call <xref:System.Collections.IEnumerator.MoveNext%2A> to advance the enumerator to the first element of the collection before reading the value of <xref:System.Collections.IEnumerator.Current%2A>.  
  
 <xref:System.Collections.IEnumerator.Current%2A> returns the same object until either <xref:System.Collections.IEnumerator.MoveNext%2A> or <xref:System.Collections.IEnumerator.Reset%2A> is called. <xref:System.Collections.IEnumerator.MoveNext%2A> sets <xref:System.Collections.IEnumerator.Current%2A> to the next element.  
  
 If <xref:System.Collections.IEnumerator.MoveNext%2A> passes the end of the collection, the enumerator is positioned after the last element in the collection and <xref:System.Collections.IEnumerator.MoveNext%2A> returns `false`. When the enumerator is at this position, subsequent calls to <xref:System.Collections.IEnumerator.MoveNext%2A> also return `false`. If the last call to <xref:System.Collections.IEnumerator.MoveNext%2A> returned `false`, <xref:System.Collections.IEnumerator.Current%2A> is undefined. To set <xref:System.Collections.IEnumerator.Current%2A> to the first element of the collection again, you can call <xref:System.Collections.IEnumerator.Reset%2A> followed by <xref:System.Collections.IEnumerator.MoveNext%2A>.  
  
 An enumerator remains valid as long as the collection remains unchanged. If changes are made to the collection, such as adding, modifying, or deleting elements, the enumerator is irrecoverably invalidated and its behavior is undefined.  
  
 The enumerator does not have exclusive access to the collection; therefore, enumerating through a collection is intrinsically not a thread safe procedure.  To guarantee thread safety during enumeration, you can lock the collection during the entire enumeration.  To allow the collection to be accessed by multiple threads for reading and writing, you must implement your own synchronization.  
  
 This method is an O(1) operation.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to use <xref:System.Array.GetEnumerator%2A> to list the elements of an array.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array_GetEnumerator#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetEnumerator/CPP/array_getenumerator.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array_GetEnumerator#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetEnumerator/CS/array_getenumerator.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array_GetEnumerator#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetEnumerator/VB/array_getenumerator.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
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      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig instance int32 GetLength(int32 dimension) cil managed" />
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      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Function GetLength (dimension As Integer) As Integer" />
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        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
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        <Attribute FrameworkAlternate="netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netstandard-1.0;netstandard-1.1;netstandard-1.2">
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        <ReturnType>System.Int32</ReturnType>
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        <Parameter Name="dimension" Type="System.Int32" />
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      <Docs>
        <param name="dimension">A zero-based dimension of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> whose length needs to be determined.</param>
        <summary>Gets a 32-bit integer that represents the number of elements in the specified dimension of the <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</summary>
        <returns>A 32-bit integer that represents the number of elements in the specified dimension.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 An example of <xref:System.Array.GetLength%2A> is `GetLength(0)`, which returns the number of elements in the first dimension of the <xref:System.Array>.  
  
 This method is an O(1) operation.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following example shows how to use <xref:System.Array.GetLength%2A> to display the dimensions of two arrays with different ranks.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array.GetLength#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.getlength/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.GetLength#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.getlength/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.GetLength#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.getlength/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.IndexOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="dimension" /> is less than zero.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="dimension" /> is equal to or greater than <see cref="P:System.Array.Rank" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="P:System.Array.Length" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetLongLength(System.Int32)" />
        <altmember cref="P:System.Collections.ICollection.Count" />
        <altmember cref="P:System.Array.Rank" />
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      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig instance int64 GetLongLength(int32 dimension) cil managed" />
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        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
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          <AttributeName>System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(false)</AttributeName>
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        <Parameter Name="dimension" Type="System.Int32" />
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        <param name="dimension">A zero-based dimension of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> whose length needs to be determined.</param>
        <summary>Gets a 64-bit integer that represents the number of elements in the specified dimension of the <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</summary>
        <returns>A 64-bit integer that represents the number of elements in the specified dimension.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 An example of <xref:System.Array.GetLongLength%2A> is `GetLongLength(0)`, which returns the number of elements in the first dimension of the <xref:System.Array>.  
  
 This method is an O(1) operation.  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.IndexOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="dimension" /> is less than zero.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="dimension" /> is equal to or greater than <see cref="P:System.Array.Rank" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="P:System.Array.Length" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetLength(System.Int32)" />
        <altmember cref="P:System.Collections.ICollection.Count" />
        <altmember cref="P:System.Array.Rank" />
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      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig instance int32 GetLowerBound(int32 dimension) cil managed" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Array.GetLowerBound(System.Int32)" />
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      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:&#xA; int GetLowerBound(int dimension);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="member this.GetLowerBound : int -&gt; int" Usage="array.GetLowerBound dimension" />
      <MemberType>Method</MemberType>
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        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
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        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
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        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
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          <AttributeName>System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution.ReliabilityContract(System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution.Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution.Cer.Success)</AttributeName>
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        <Parameter Name="dimension" Type="System.Int32" />
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        <param name="dimension">A zero-based dimension of the array whose starting index needs to be determined.</param>
        <summary>Gets the index of the first element of the specified dimension in the array.</summary>
        <returns>The index of the first element of the specified dimension in the array.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 `GetLowerBound(0)` returns the starting index of the first dimension of the array, and `GetLowerBound(Rank - 1)` returns the starting index of the last dimension of the array.  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.GetLowerBound%2A> method always returns a value that indicates the index of the lower bound of the array, even if the array is empty.  
  
 Note that, although most arrays in the .NET Framework are zero-based (that is, the <xref:System.Array.GetLowerBound%2A> method returns zero for each dimension of an array), the .NET Framework does support arrays that are not zero-based. Such arrays can be created with the <xref:System.Array.CreateInstance%28System.Type%2CSystem.Int32%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%5B%5D%29> method, and can also be returned from unmanaged code.  
  
 This method is an O(1) operation.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following example uses the <xref:System.Array.GetLowerBound%2A> and <xref:System.Array.GetUpperBound%2A> methods to display the bounds of a one-dimensional and two-dimensional array and to display the values of their array elements.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array.GetUpperBound#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.getupperbound/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.GetUpperBound#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.getupperbound/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.GetUpperBound#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.getupperbound/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.IndexOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="dimension" /> is less than zero.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="dimension" /> is equal to or greater than <see cref="P:System.Array.Rank" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetUpperBound(System.Int32)" />
        <altmember cref="P:System.Array.Rank" />
      </Docs>
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        <Parameter Name="dimension" Type="System.Int32" />
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        <param name="dimension">A zero-based dimension of the array whose upper bound needs to be determined.</param>
        <summary>Gets the index of the last element of the specified dimension in the array.</summary>
        <returns>The index of the last element of the specified dimension in the array, or -1 if the specified dimension is empty.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 `GetUpperBound(0)` returns the last index in the first dimension of the array, and `GetUpperBound(Rank - 1)` returns the last index of the last dimension of the array.  
  
 This method is an O(1) operation.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following example uses the <xref:System.Array.GetLowerBound%2A> and <xref:System.Array.GetUpperBound%2A> methods to display the bounds of a one-dimensional and two-dimensional array and to display the values of their array elements.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array.GetUpperBound#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.getupperbound/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.GetUpperBound#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.getupperbound/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.GetUpperBound#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.getupperbound/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.IndexOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="dimension" /> is less than zero.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="dimension" /> is equal to or greater than <see cref="P:System.Array.Rank" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetLowerBound(System.Int32)" />
        <altmember cref="P:System.Array.Rank" />
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        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
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        <ReturnType>System.Object</ReturnType>
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        <Parameter Name="index" Type="System.Int32" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <param name="index">A 32-bit integer that represents the position of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> element to get.</param>
        <summary>Gets the value at the specified position in the one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" />. The index is specified as a 32-bit integer.</summary>
        <returns>The value at the specified position in the one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Array.GetLowerBound%2A> and <xref:System.Array.GetUpperBound%2A> methods can determine whether the value of `index` is out of bounds.  
  
 This method is an O(1) operation.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates how to set and get a specific value in a one-dimensional or multidimensional array.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CPP/array_getsetvalue.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CS/array_getsetvalue.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/VB/array_getsetvalue.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">The current <see cref="T:System.Array" /> does not have exactly one dimension.</exception>
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          <paramref name="index" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for the current <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</exception>
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        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetUpperBound(System.Int32)" />
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            <Attribute>
              <AttributeName>System.ParamArray</AttributeName>
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      </Parameters>
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        <param name="indices">A one-dimensional array of 32-bit integers that represent the indexes specifying the position of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> element to get.</param>
        <summary>Gets the value at the specified position in the multidimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" />. The indexes are specified as an array of 32-bit integers.</summary>
        <returns>The value at the specified position in the multidimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The number of elements in `indices` must equal the number of dimensions in the <xref:System.Array>. All elements in the `indices` array must collectively specify the position of the desired element in the multidimensional <xref:System.Array>.  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.GetLowerBound%2A> and <xref:System.Array.GetUpperBound%2A> methods can determine whether any of the indexes is out of bounds.  
  
 This method is an O(1) operation.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates how to set and get a specific value in a one-dimensional or multidimensional array.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CPP/array_getsetvalue.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CS/array_getsetvalue.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/VB/array_getsetvalue.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="indices" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">The number of dimensions in the current <see cref="T:System.Array" /> is not equal to the number of elements in <paramref name="indices" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.IndexOutOfRangeException">Any element in <paramref name="indices" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for the corresponding dimension of the current <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetLowerBound(System.Int32)" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetUpperBound(System.Int32)" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.SetValue" />
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        <param name="index">A 64-bit integer that represents the position of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> element to get.</param>
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        <returns>The value at the specified position in the one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Array.GetLowerBound%2A> and <xref:System.Array.GetUpperBound%2A> methods can determine whether the value of `index` is out of bounds.  
  
 This method is an O(1) operation.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates how to set and get a specific value in a one-dimensional or multidimensional array.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CPP/array_getsetvalue.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CS/array_getsetvalue.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/VB/array_getsetvalue.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">The current <see cref="T:System.Array" /> does not have exactly one dimension.</exception>
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          <paramref name="index" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for the current <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</exception>
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        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetUpperBound(System.Int32)" />
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        <param name="indices">A one-dimensional array of 64-bit integers that represent the indexes specifying the position of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> element to get.</param>
        <summary>Gets the value at the specified position in the multidimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" />. The indexes are specified as an array of 64-bit integers.</summary>
        <returns>The value at the specified position in the multidimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The number of elements in `indices` must equal the number of dimensions in the <xref:System.Array>. All elements in the `indices` array must collectively specify the position of the desired element in the multidimensional <xref:System.Array>.  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.GetLowerBound%2A> and <xref:System.Array.GetUpperBound%2A> methods can determine whether any of the indexes is out of bounds.  
  
 This method is an O(1) operation.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates how to set and get a specific value in a one-dimensional or multidimensional array.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CPP/array_getsetvalue.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CS/array_getsetvalue.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/VB/array_getsetvalue.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="indices" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">The number of dimensions in the current <see cref="T:System.Array" /> is not equal to the number of elements in <paramref name="indices" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">Any element in <paramref name="indices" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for the corresponding dimension of the current <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</exception>
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        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetUpperBound(System.Int32)" />
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        <Parameter Name="index2" Type="System.Int32" />
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        <param name="index1">A 32-bit integer that represents the first-dimension index of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> element to get.</param>
        <param name="index2">A 32-bit integer that represents the second-dimension index of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> element to get.</param>
        <summary>Gets the value at the specified position in the two-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" />. The indexes are specified as 32-bit integers.</summary>
        <returns>The value at the specified position in the two-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Array.GetLowerBound%2A> and <xref:System.Array.GetUpperBound%2A> methods can determine whether any of the indexes is out of bounds.  
  
 This method is an O(1) operation.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates how to set and get a specific value in a one-dimensional or multidimensional array.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CPP/array_getsetvalue.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CS/array_getsetvalue.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/VB/array_getsetvalue.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">The current <see cref="T:System.Array" /> does not have exactly two dimensions.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.IndexOutOfRangeException">Either <paramref name="index1" /> or <paramref name="index2" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for the corresponding dimension of the current <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetLowerBound(System.Int32)" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetUpperBound(System.Int32)" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.SetValue" />
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        <param name="index1">A 64-bit integer that represents the first-dimension index of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> element to get.</param>
        <param name="index2">A 64-bit integer that represents the second-dimension index of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> element to get.</param>
        <summary>Gets the value at the specified position in the two-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" />. The indexes are specified as 64-bit integers.</summary>
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          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Array.GetLowerBound%2A> and <xref:System.Array.GetUpperBound%2A> methods can determine whether any of the indexes is out of bounds.  
  
 This method is an O(1) operation.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates how to set and get a specific value in a one-dimensional or multidimensional array.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CPP/array_getsetvalue.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CS/array_getsetvalue.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/VB/array_getsetvalue.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">The current <see cref="T:System.Array" /> does not have exactly two dimensions.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">Either <paramref name="index1" /> or <paramref name="index2" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for the corresponding dimension of the current <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</exception>
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        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetUpperBound(System.Int32)" />
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        <param name="index3">A 32-bit integer that represents the third-dimension index of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> element to get.</param>
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## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Array.GetLowerBound%2A> and <xref:System.Array.GetUpperBound%2A> methods can determine whether any of the indexes is out of bounds.  
  
 This method is an O(1) operation.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates how to set and get a specific value in a one-dimensional or multidimensional array.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CPP/array_getsetvalue.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CS/array_getsetvalue.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/VB/array_getsetvalue.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
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      </Attributes>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Object</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Parameters>
        <Parameter Name="index1" Type="System.Int64" />
        <Parameter Name="index2" Type="System.Int64" />
        <Parameter Name="index3" Type="System.Int64" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <param name="index1">A 64-bit integer that represents the first-dimension index of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> element to get.</param>
        <param name="index2">A 64-bit integer that represents the second-dimension index of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> element to get.</param>
        <param name="index3">A 64-bit integer that represents the third-dimension index of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> element to get.</param>
        <summary>Gets the value at the specified position in the three-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" />. The indexes are specified as 64-bit integers.</summary>
        <returns>The value at the specified position in the three-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Array.GetLowerBound%2A> and <xref:System.Array.GetUpperBound%2A> methods can determine whether any of the indexes is out of bounds.  
  
 This method is an O(1) operation.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates how to set and get a specific value in a one-dimensional or multidimensional array.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CPP/array_getsetvalue.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CS/array_getsetvalue.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/VB/array_getsetvalue.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">The current <see cref="T:System.Array" /> does not have exactly three dimensions.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="index1" /> or <paramref name="index2" /> or <paramref name="index3" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for the corresponding dimension of the current <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetLowerBound(System.Int32)" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetUpperBound(System.Int32)" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.SetValue" />
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        <ReturnType>System.Int32</ReturnType>
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        <param name="array">The one-dimensional array to search.</param>
        <param name="value">The object to locate in <c>array</c>.</param>
        <summary>Searches for the specified object and returns the index of its first occurrence in a one-dimensional array.</summary>
        <returns>The index of the first occurrence of <paramref name="value" /> in <paramref name="array" />, if found; otherwise, the lower bound of the array minus 1.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This method searches all the elements of a one-dimensional arrayfor `value`. To determine whether `value` exists in `array`, the method performs an equality comparison by calling each element's `Equals` method until it finds a match. This means that if the element overrides the <xref:System.Object.Equals%28System.Object%29?displayProperty=nameWithType> method, that override is called.  
  
 Because most arrays have a lower bound of zero, this method generally returns –1 if`value` isn’t found. In the rare case that the lower bound of the array is equal to <xref:System.Int32.MinValue?displayProperty=nameWithType>(0x80000000) and `value` isn’t found, this method returns <xref:System.Int32.MaxValue?displayProperty=nameWithType> (0x7FFFFFFF).  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The example calls the following three overloads of the <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%2A> method to find the index of a string in a string array:  
  
-   <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%28System.Array%2CSystem.Object%29>, to determine the first occurrence of the string "the" in a string array.  
  
-   <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%28System.Array%2CSystem.Object%2CSystem.Int32%29>, to determine the first occurrence of the string "the" in the fourth to the last elements of a string array.  
  
-   <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%28System.Array%2CSystem.Object%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%29>, to determine the first occurrence of the string "the" in a string array from the element that follows the last successful match to the end of the array.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Classic Array.IndexOf Example#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.IndexOf Example/CPP/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Classic Array.IndexOf Example#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.IndexOf Example/CS/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Classic Array.IndexOf Example#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.IndexOf Example/VB/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is multidimensional.</exception>
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.LastIndexOf" />
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      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Int32</ReturnType>
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        <Parameter Name="array" Type="System.Array" />
        <Parameter Name="value" Type="System.Object" />
        <Parameter Name="startIndex" Type="System.Int32" />
      </Parameters>
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        <param name="array">The one-dimensional array to search.</param>
        <param name="value">The object to locate in <c>array</c>.</param>
        <param name="startIndex">The starting index of the search. 0 (zero) is valid in an empty array.</param>
        <summary>Searches for the specified object in a range of elements of a one-dimensional array, and returns the index of its first occurrence. The range extends from a specified index to the end of the array.</summary>
        <returns>The index of the first occurrence of <paramref name="value" />, if it’s found, within the range of elements in <paramref name="array" /> that extends from <paramref name="startIndex" /> to the last element; otherwise, the lower bound of the array minus 1.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This method searches a one-dimensional array from the element at index `startIndex` to the last element. To determine whether `value` exists in `array`, the method performs an equality comparison by calling the `Equals` method of every element until it finds a match. This means that if the element overrides the <xref:System.Object.Equals%28System.Object%29?displayProperty=nameWithType> method, that override is called.  
  
 Because most arrays have a lower bound of zero, this method generally returns –1 if `value` isn’t found. In the rare case that the lower bound of the array is equal to <xref:System.Int32.MinValue?displayProperty=nameWithType>(0x80000000) and `value` isn’t found, this method returns <xref:System.Int32.MaxValue?displayProperty=nameWithType> (0x7FFFFFFF).  
  
 If `startIndex` equals <xref:System.Array.Length%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType>,the method returns -1. If `startIndex` is greater than <xref:System.Array.Length%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType>, the method throws an <xref:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException>.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the number of elements from `startIndex` to the end of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The example calls the following three overloads of the <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%2A> method to find the index of a string in a string array:  
  
-   <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%28System.Array%2CSystem.Object%29>, to determine the first occurrence of the string "the" in a string array.  
  
-   <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%28System.Array%2CSystem.Object%2CSystem.Int32%29>, to determine the first occurrence of the string "the" in the fourth to the last elements of a string array.  
  
-   <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%28System.Array%2CSystem.Object%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%29>, to determine the first occurrence of the string "the" in a string array from the element that follows the last successful match to the end of the array.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Classic Array.IndexOf Example#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.IndexOf Example/CPP/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Classic Array.IndexOf Example#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.IndexOf Example/CS/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Classic Array.IndexOf Example#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.IndexOf Example/VB/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="startIndex" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is multidimensional.</exception>
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.LastIndexOf" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <param name="array">The one-dimensional array to search.</param>
        <param name="value">The object to locate in <c>array</c>.</param>
        <param name="startIndex">The starting index of the search. 0 (zero) is valid in an empty array.</param>
        <param name="count">The number of elements to search.</param>
        <summary>Searches for the specified object in a range of elements of a one-dimensional array, and returns the index of ifs first occurrence. The range extends from a specified index for a specified number of elements.</summary>
        <returns>The index of the first occurrence of <paramref name="value" />, if it’s found in the <paramref name="array" /> from index <paramref name="startIndex" /> to <paramref name="startIndex" /> + <paramref name="count" /> - 1; otherwise, the lower bound of the array minus 1.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This method searches the elements of a one-dimensional arrayfrom `startIndex` to `startIndex` plus `count` minus 1, if `count` is greater than 0. To determine whether `value` exists in `array`, the method performs an equality comparison by calling the `Equals` method of every element until it finds a match. This means that if the element overrides the <xref:System.Object.Equals%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType> method, that override is called.  
  
 Becausemost arrays have a lower bound of zero, this method generally returns –1 when `value` isn’t found. In the rare case that the lower bound of the array is equal to <xref:System.Int32.MinValue?displayProperty=nameWithType> (0x80000000) and `value` isn’t found, this method returns <xref:System.Int32.MaxValue?displayProperty=nameWithType> (0x7FFFFFFF).  
  
 If `startindex` equals <xref:System.Array.Length%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType>, the method returns -1. If `startIndex` is greater than <xref:System.Array.Length%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType>, the method throws an <xref:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException>.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is `count`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The example calls the following three overloads of the <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%2A> method to find the index of a string in a string array:  
  
-   <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%28System.Array%2CSystem.Object%29>, to determine the first occurrence of the string "the" in a string array.  
  
-   <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%28System.Array%2CSystem.Object%2CSystem.Int32%29>, to determine the first occurrence of the string "the" in the fourth to the last elements of a string array.  
  
-   <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%28System.Array%2CSystem.Object%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%29>, to determine the first occurrence of the string "the" in a string array from the element that follows the last successful match to the end of the array. To determine the value of the `count` argument, it subtracts the upper bound of the array from the starting index and adds one.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Classic Array.IndexOf Example#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.IndexOf Example/CPP/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Classic Array.IndexOf Example#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.IndexOf Example/CS/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Classic Array.IndexOf Example#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.IndexOf Example/VB/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="startIndex" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for <paramref name="array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="count" /> is less than zero.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="startIndex" /> and <paramref name="count" /> do not specify a valid section in <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is multidimensional.</exception>
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.LastIndexOf" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements of the array.</typeparam>
        <param name="array">The one-dimensional, zero-based array to search.</param>
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        <summary>Searches for the specified object and returns the index of its first occurrence in a one-dimensional array.</summary>
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        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This method searches all the elements of a one-dimensional array for `value`. To determine whether `value` exists in `array`, the method performs an equality comparison by calling the `T.Equals` method on every element. This means that if `T` overrides the <xref:System.Object.Equals%2A> method, that override is called.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following example demonstrates all three generic overloads of the <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%2A> method. An array of strings is created, with one entry that appears twice, at index location 0 and index location 5. The <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%29> method overload searches the array from the beginning, and finds the first occurrence of the string. The <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%2CSystem.Int32%29> method overload is used to search the array beginning with index location 3 and continuing to the end of the array, and finds the second occurrence of the string. Finally, the <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%29> method overload is used to search a range of two entries, beginning at index location two; it returns –1 because there are no instances of the search string in that range.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_IndexOf#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_IndexOf/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_IndexOf#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_IndexOf/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_IndexOf#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_IndexOf/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.LastIndexOf" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="IndexOf&lt;T&gt;">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public static int IndexOf&lt;T&gt; (T[] array, T value, int startIndex);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public static hidebysig int32 IndexOf&lt;T&gt;(!!T[] array, !!T value, int32 startIndex) cil managed" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Array.IndexOf``1(``0[],``0,System.Int32)" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Shared Function IndexOf(Of T) (array As T(), value As T, startIndex As Integer) As Integer" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:&#xA;generic &lt;typename T&gt;&#xA; static int IndexOf(cli::array &lt;T&gt; ^ array, T value, int startIndex);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="static member IndexOf : 'T[] * 'T * int -&gt; int" Usage="System.Array.IndexOf (array, value, startIndex)" />
      <MemberType>Method</MemberType>
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        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
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        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
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        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Int32</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <TypeParameters>
        <TypeParameter Name="T" />
      </TypeParameters>
      <Parameters>
        <Parameter Name="array" Type="T[]" />
        <Parameter Name="value" Type="T" />
        <Parameter Name="startIndex" Type="System.Int32" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements of the array.</typeparam>
        <param name="array">The one-dimensional, zero-based array to search.</param>
        <param name="value">The object to locate in <c>array</c>.</param>
        <param name="startIndex">The zero-based starting index of the search. 0 (zero) is valid in an empty array.</param>
        <summary>Searches for the specified object in a range of elements of a one dimensional array, and returns the index of its first occurrence. The range extends from a specified index to the end of the array.</summary>
        <returns>The zero-based index of the first occurrence of <paramref name="value" /> within the range of elements in <paramref name="array" /> that extends from <paramref name="startIndex" /> to the last element, if found; otherwise, –1.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This method searches a one-dimensional array from the element at `startIndex` to the end of the array. To determine whether `value` exists in `array`, the method performs an equality comparison by calling the `T.Equals` method on every element. This means that if `T` overrides the <xref:System.Object.Equals%2A> method, that override is called.  
  
 If `startIndex` equals <xref:System.Array.Length%2A>,the method returns -1.If `startIndex` is greater than <xref:System.Array.Length%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType>, the method throws an <xref:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException>.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the number of elements from `startIndex` to the end of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following example demonstrates all three generic overloads of the <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%2A> method. An array of strings is created, with one entry that appears twice, at index location 0 and index location 5. The <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%29> method overload searches the array from the beginning, and finds the first occurrence of the string. The <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%2CSystem.Int32%29> method overload is used to search the array beginning with index location 3 and continuing to the end of the array, and finds the second occurrence of the string. Finally, the <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%29> method overload is used to search a range of two entries, beginning at index location two; it returns –1 because there are no instances of the search string in that range.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_IndexOf#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_IndexOf/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_IndexOf#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_IndexOf/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_IndexOf#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_IndexOf/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="startIndex" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.LastIndexOf" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="IndexOf&lt;T&gt;">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public static int IndexOf&lt;T&gt; (T[] array, T value, int startIndex, int count);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public static hidebysig int32 IndexOf&lt;T&gt;(!!T[] array, !!T value, int32 startIndex, int32 count) cil managed" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Array.IndexOf``1(``0[],``0,System.Int32,System.Int32)" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Shared Function IndexOf(Of T) (array As T(), value As T, startIndex As Integer, count As Integer) As Integer" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:&#xA;generic &lt;typename T&gt;&#xA; static int IndexOf(cli::array &lt;T&gt; ^ array, T value, int startIndex, int count);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="static member IndexOf : 'T[] * 'T * int * int -&gt; int" Usage="System.Array.IndexOf (array, value, startIndex, count)" />
      <MemberType>Method</MemberType>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
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        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Int32</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <TypeParameters>
        <TypeParameter Name="T" />
      </TypeParameters>
      <Parameters>
        <Parameter Name="array" Type="T[]" />
        <Parameter Name="value" Type="T" />
        <Parameter Name="startIndex" Type="System.Int32" />
        <Parameter Name="count" Type="System.Int32" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements of the array.</typeparam>
        <param name="array">The one-dimensional, zero-based array to search.</param>
        <param name="value">The object to locate in <c>array</c>.</param>
        <param name="startIndex">The zero-based starting index of the search. 0 (zero) is valid in an empty array.</param>
        <param name="count">The number of elements in the section to search.</param>
        <summary>Searches for the specified object in a range of elements of a one-dimensional array, and returns the index of its first occurrence. The range extends from a specified index for a specified number of elements.</summary>
        <returns>The zero-based index of the first occurrence of <paramref name="value" /> within the range of elements in <paramref name="array" /> that starts at <paramref name="startIndex" /> and contains the number of elements specified in <paramref name="count" />, if found; otherwise, –1.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This method searchesthe elements of a one-dimensional array from `startIndex` to `startIndex` plus `count` minus 1, if `count` is greater than 0. To determine whether `value` exists in `array`, the method performs an equality comparison by calling the `T.Equals` method on every element. This means that if `T` overrides the <xref:System.Object.Equals%2A> method, that override is called.  
  
 If `startIndex` equals <xref:System.Array.Length%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType>, the method returns -1.  If `startIndex` is greater than <xref:System.Array.Length%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType>, the method throws an <xref:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException>.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is `count`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following example demonstrates all three generic overloads of the <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%2A> method. An array of strings is created, with one entry that appears twice, at index location 0 and index location 5. The <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%29> method overload searches the array from the beginning, and finds the first occurrence of the string. The <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%2CSystem.Int32%29> method overload is used to search the array beginning with index location 3 and continuing to the end of the array, and finds the second occurrence of the string. Finally, the <xref:System.Array.IndexOf%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%29> method overload is used to search a range of two entries, beginning at index location two; it returns –1 because there are no instances of the search string in that range.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_IndexOf#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_IndexOf/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_IndexOf#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_IndexOf/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_IndexOf#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_IndexOf/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="startIndex" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for <paramref name="array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="count" /> is less than zero.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="startIndex" /> and <paramref name="count" /> do not specify a valid section in <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.LastIndexOf" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="Initialize">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public void Initialize ();" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig instance void Initialize() cil managed" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Array.Initialize" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Sub Initialize ()" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:&#xA; void Initialize();" />
      <MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="member this.Initialize : unit -&gt; unit" Usage="array.Initialize " />
      <MemberType>Method</MemberType>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
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      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <Attributes>
        <Attribute FrameworkAlternate="netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netstandard-1.0;netstandard-1.1;netstandard-1.2">
          <AttributeName>System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical</AttributeName>
        </Attribute>
      </Attributes>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Void</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Parameters />
      <Docs>
        <summary>Initializes every element of the value-type <see cref="T:System.Array" /> by calling the default constructor of the value type.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This method is designed to help compilers support value-type arrays; most users do not need this method. It must not be used on reference-type arrays.  
  
 If the <xref:System.Array> is not a value-type <xref:System.Array> or if the value type does not have a default constructor, the <xref:System.Array> is not modified.  
  
 The value-type <xref:System.Array> can have any lower bound and any number of dimensions.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is <xref:System.Array.Length%2A>.  
  
> [!CAUTION]
>  You can use this method only on value types that have constructors; however, value types that are native to C# do not have constructors.  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="IsFixedSize">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public bool IsFixedSize { get; }" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property instance bool IsFixedSize" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="P:System.Array.IsFixedSize" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public ReadOnly Property IsFixedSize As Boolean" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:&#xA; property bool IsFixedSize { bool get(); };" />
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      <MemberType>Property</MemberType>
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        <InterfaceMember>P:System.Collections.IList.IsFixedSize</InterfaceMember>
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        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
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      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Boolean</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Docs>
        <summary>Gets a value indicating whether the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> has a fixed size.</summary>
        <value>This property is always <see langword="true" /> for all arrays.</value>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 <xref:System.Array> implements the <xref:System.Array.IsFixedSize%2A> property because it is required by the <xref:System.Collections.IList?displayProperty=nameWithType> interface.  
  
 An array with a fixed size does not allow the addition or removal of elements after the array is created, but it allows the modification of existing elements.  
  
 Retrieving the value of this property is an O(1) operation.  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <altmember cref="T:System.Collections.IList" />
        <altmember cref="T:System.Collections.Generic.IList`1" />
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="IsReadOnly">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public bool IsReadOnly { get; }" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property instance bool IsReadOnly" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="P:System.Array.IsReadOnly" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public ReadOnly Property IsReadOnly As Boolean" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:&#xA; property bool IsReadOnly { bool get(); };" />
      <MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="member this.IsReadOnly : bool" Usage="System.Array.IsReadOnly" />
      <MemberType>Property</MemberType>
      <Implements>
        <InterfaceMember>P:System.Collections.IList.IsReadOnly</InterfaceMember>
      </Implements>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Boolean</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Docs>
        <summary>Gets a value indicating whether the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> is read-only.</summary>
        <value>This property is always <see langword="false" /> for all arrays.</value>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 <xref:System.Array> implements the <xref:System.Array.IsReadOnly%2A> property because it is required by the <xref:System.Collections.IList?displayProperty=nameWithType> interface. An array that is read-only does not allow the addition, removal, or modification of elements after the array is created.  
  
 If you require a read-only collection, use a <xref:System.Collections> class that implements the <xref:System.Collections.IList?displayProperty=nameWithType> interface.  
  
 If you cast or convert an array to an <xref:System.Collections.IList> interface object, the <xref:System.Collections.IList.IsReadOnly%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType> property returns `false`. However, if you cast or convert an array to a <xref:System.Collections.Generic.IList%601> interface, the `IsReadOnly` property returns `true`.  
  
 Retrieving the value of this property is an O(1) operation.  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <altmember cref="T:System.Collections.IList" />
        <altmember cref="N:System.Collections" />
        <altmember cref="T:System.Collections.Generic.IList`1" />
        <altmember cref="N:System.Collections.Generic" />
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="IsSynchronized">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public bool IsSynchronized { get; }" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property instance bool IsSynchronized" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="P:System.Array.IsSynchronized" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public ReadOnly Property IsSynchronized As Boolean" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:&#xA; property bool IsSynchronized { bool get(); };" />
      <MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="member this.IsSynchronized : bool" Usage="System.Array.IsSynchronized" />
      <MemberType>Property</MemberType>
      <Implements>
        <InterfaceMember>P:System.Collections.ICollection.IsSynchronized</InterfaceMember>
      </Implements>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Boolean</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Docs>
        <summary>Gets a value indicating whether access to the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> is synchronized (thread safe).</summary>
        <value>This property is always <see langword="false" /> for all arrays.</value>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 <xref:System.Array> implements the <xref:System.Array.IsSynchronized%2A> property because it is required by the <xref:System.Collections.ICollection?displayProperty=nameWithType> interface.  
  
 .NET Framework classes based on <xref:System.Array> provide their own synchronized version of the collection using the <xref:System.Array.SyncRoot%2A> property.  
  
 Classes that use arrays can also implement their own synchronization using the <xref:System.Array.SyncRoot%2A> property. The synchronizing code must perform operations on the `SyncRoot` of the collection, not directly on the collection. This ensures proper operation of collections that are derived from other objects. Specifically, it maintains proper synchronization with other threads that might be simultaneously modifying the collection. Note that some implementations of <xref:System.Array.SyncRoot%2A> might return the <xref:System.Array> itself.  
  
 Enumerating through a collection is intrinsically not a thread safe procedure. Even when a collection is synchronized, other threads can still modify the collection, which causes the enumerator to throw an exception. To guarantee thread safety during enumeration, you can either lock the collection during the entire enumeration or catch the exceptions resulting from changes made by other threads.  
  
 Retrieving the value of this property is an O(1) operation.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to lock an array during the entire enumeration by using the <xref:System.Array.SyncRoot%2A> property.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array.SyncRoot#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.SyncRoot/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.SyncRoot#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.SyncRoot/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.SyncRoot#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.SyncRoot/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <altmember cref="P:System.Array.SyncRoot" />
        <altmember cref="T:System.Collections.ICollection" />
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <MemberGroup MemberName="LastIndexOf">
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <Docs>
        <summary>Returns the index of the last occurrence of a value in a one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> or in a portion of the <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</summary>
      </Docs>
    </MemberGroup>
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        <param name="array">The one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to search.</param>
        <param name="value">The object to locate in <c>array</c>.</param>
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        <remarks>
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## Remarks  
 The one-dimensional <xref:System.Array> is searched backward starting at the last element and ending at the first element.  
  
 The elements are compared to the specified value using the <xref:System.Object.Equals%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType> method. If the element type is a nonintrinsic (user-defined) type, the `Equals` implementation of that type is used.  
  
 Since most arrays will have a lower bound of zero, this method would generally return –1 when `value` is not found. In the rare case that the lower bound of the array is equal to <xref:System.Int32.MinValue?displayProperty=nameWithType> and `value` is not found, this method returns <xref:System.Int32.MaxValue?displayProperty=nameWithType>, which is `System.Int32.MinValue - 1`.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
 In the .NET Framework version 2.0, this method uses the <xref:System.Object.Equals%2A> and <xref:System.IComparable.CompareTo%2A> methods of the <xref:System.Array> to determine whether the <xref:System.Object> specified by the `value` parameter exists. In the earlier versions of the .NET Framework, this determination was made by using the <xref:System.Object.Equals%2A> and <xref:System.IComparable.CompareTo%2A> methods of the `value`<xref:System.Object> itself.  
  
 <xref:System.IComparable.CompareTo%2A> methods of the `item` parameter on the objects in the collection.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to determine the index of the last occurrence of a specified element in an array.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Classic Array.LastIndexOf Example#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.LastIndexOf Example/CPP/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Classic Array.LastIndexOf Example#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.LastIndexOf Example/CS/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Classic Array.LastIndexOf Example#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.LastIndexOf Example/VB/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
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        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is multidimensional.</exception>
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.IndexOf" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The one-dimensional <xref:System.Array> is searched backward starting at `startIndex` and ending at the first element.  
  
 The elements are compared to the specified value using the <xref:System.Object.Equals%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType> method. If the element type is a nonintrinsic (user-defined) type, the `Equals` implementation of that type is used.  
  
 Since most arrays will have a lower bound of zero, this method would generally return –1 when `value` is not found. In the rare case that the lower bound of the array is equal to <xref:System.Int32.MinValue?displayProperty=nameWithType> and `value` is not found, this method returns <xref:System.Int32.MaxValue?displayProperty=nameWithType>, which is `System.Int32.MinValue - 1`.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the number of elements from the beginning of `array` to `startIndex`.  
  
 In the .NET Framework version 2.0, this method uses the <xref:System.Object.Equals%2A> and <xref:System.IComparable.CompareTo%2A> methods of the <xref:System.Array> to determine whether the <xref:System.Object> specified by the `value` parameter exists. In the earlier versions of the .NET Framework, this determination was made by using the <xref:System.Object.Equals%2A> and <xref:System.IComparable.CompareTo%2A> methods of the `value`<xref:System.Object> itself.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to determine the index of the last occurrence of a specified element in an array.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Classic Array.LastIndexOf Example#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.LastIndexOf Example/CPP/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Classic Array.LastIndexOf Example#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.LastIndexOf Example/CS/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Classic Array.LastIndexOf Example#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.LastIndexOf Example/VB/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
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        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is multidimensional.</exception>
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.IndexOf" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The one-dimensional <xref:System.Array> is searched backward starting at `startIndex` and ending at `startIndex` minus `count` plus 1, if `count` is greater than 0.  
  
 The elements are compared to the specified value using the <xref:System.Object.Equals%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType> method. If the element type is a nonintrinsic (user-defined) type, the`Equals` implementation of that type is used.  
  
 Since most arrays will have a lower bound of zero, this method would generally return –1 when `value` is not found. In the rare case that the lower bound of the array is equal to <xref:System.Int32.MinValue?displayProperty=nameWithType> and `value` is not found, this method returns <xref:System.Int32.MaxValue?displayProperty=nameWithType>, which is `System.Int32.MinValue - 1`.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is `count`.  
  
 In the .NET Framework version 2.0, this method uses the <xref:System.Object.Equals%2A> and <xref:System.IComparable.CompareTo%2A> methods of the <xref:System.Array> to determine whether the <xref:System.Object> specified by the `value` parameter exists. In the earlier versions of the .NET Framework, this determination was made by using the <xref:System.Object.Equals%2A> and <xref:System.IComparable.CompareTo%2A> methods of the `value`<xref:System.Object> itself.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to determine the index of the last occurrence of a specified element in an array. Note that the <xref:System.Array.LastIndexOf%2A> method is a backward search; therefore, `count` must be less than or equal to (`startIndex` minus the lower bound of the array plus 1).  
  
 [!code-cpp[Classic Array.LastIndexOf Example#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.LastIndexOf Example/CPP/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Classic Array.LastIndexOf Example#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.LastIndexOf Example/CS/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Classic Array.LastIndexOf Example#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.LastIndexOf Example/VB/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="startIndex" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for <paramref name="array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="count" /> is less than zero.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="startIndex" /> and <paramref name="count" /> do not specify a valid section in <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is multidimensional.</exception>
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.IndexOf" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Array> is searched backward starting at the last element and ending at the first element.  
  
 The elements are compared to the specified value using the <xref:System.Object.Equals%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType> method. If the element type is a nonintrinsic (user-defined) type, the `Equals` implementation of that type is used.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates all three generic overloads of the <xref:System.Array.LastIndexOf%2A> method. An array of strings is created, with one entry that appears twice, at index location 0 and index location 5. The <xref:System.Array.LastIndexOf%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%29> method overload searches the entire array from the end, and finds the second occurrence of the string. The <xref:System.Array.LastIndexOf%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%2CSystem.Int32%29> method overload is used to search the array backward beginning with index location 3 and continuing to the beginning of the array, and finds the first occurrence of the string. Finally, the <xref:System.Array.LastIndexOf%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%29> method overload is used to search a range of four entries, beginning at index location 4 and extending backward (that is, it searches the items at locations 4, 3, 2, and 1); this search returns –1 because there are no instances of the search string in that range.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_LastIndexOf#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_LastIndexOf/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_LastIndexOf#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_LastIndexOf/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_LastIndexOf#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_LastIndexOf/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
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        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.IndexOf" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <param name="value">The object to locate in <c>array</c>.</param>
        <param name="startIndex">The zero-based starting index of the backward search.</param>
        <summary>Searches for the specified object and returns the index of the last occurrence within the range of elements in the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that extends from the first element to the specified index.</summary>
        <returns>The zero-based index of the last occurrence of <paramref name="value" /> within the range of elements in <paramref name="array" /> that extends from the first element to <paramref name="startIndex" />, if found; otherwise, –1.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Array> is searched backward starting at `startIndex` and ending at the first element.  
  
 The elements are compared to the specified value using the <xref:System.Object.Equals%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType> method. If the element type is a nonintrinsic (user-defined) type, the `Equals` implementation of that type is used.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the number of elements from the beginning of `array` to `startIndex`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates all three generic overloads of the <xref:System.Array.LastIndexOf%2A> method. An array of strings is created, with one entry that appears twice, at index location 0 and index location 5. The <xref:System.Array.LastIndexOf%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%29> method overload searches the entire array from the end, and finds the second occurrence of the string. The <xref:System.Array.LastIndexOf%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%2CSystem.Int32%29> method overload is used to search the array backward beginning with index location 3 and continuing to the beginning of the array, and finds the first occurrence of the string. Finally, the <xref:System.Array.LastIndexOf%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%29> method overload is used to search a range of four entries, beginning at index location 4 and extending backward (that is, it searches the items at locations 4, 3, 2, and 1); this search returns –1 because there are no instances of the search string in that range.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_LastIndexOf#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_LastIndexOf/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_LastIndexOf#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_LastIndexOf/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_LastIndexOf#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_LastIndexOf/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="startIndex" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.IndexOf" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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    <Member MemberName="LastIndexOf&lt;T&gt;">
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        <ReturnType>System.Int32</ReturnType>
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      <TypeParameters>
        <TypeParameter Name="T" />
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      <Parameters>
        <Parameter Name="array" Type="T[]" />
        <Parameter Name="value" Type="T" />
        <Parameter Name="startIndex" Type="System.Int32" />
        <Parameter Name="count" Type="System.Int32" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements of the array.</typeparam>
        <param name="array">The one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to search.</param>
        <param name="value">The object to locate in <c>array</c>.</param>
        <param name="startIndex">The zero-based starting index of the backward search.</param>
        <param name="count">The number of elements in the section to search.</param>
        <summary>Searches for the specified object and returns the index of the last occurrence within the range of elements in the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that contains the specified number of elements and ends at the specified index.</summary>
        <returns>The zero-based index of the last occurrence of <paramref name="value" /> within the range of elements in <paramref name="array" /> that contains the number of elements specified in <paramref name="count" /> and ends at <paramref name="startIndex" />, if found; otherwise, –1.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Array> is searched backward starting at `startIndex` and ending at `startIndex` minus `count` plus 1, if `count` is greater than 0.  
  
 The elements are compared to the specified value using the <xref:System.Object.Equals%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType> method. If the element type is a nonintrinsic (user-defined) type, the `Equals` implementation of that type is used.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is `count`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates all three generic overloads of the <xref:System.Array.LastIndexOf%2A> method. An array of strings is created, with one entry that appears twice, at index location 0 and index location 5. The <xref:System.Array.LastIndexOf%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%29> method overload searches the entire array from the end, and finds the second occurrence of the string. The <xref:System.Array.LastIndexOf%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%2CSystem.Int32%29> method overload is used to search the array backward beginning with index location 3 and continuing to the beginning of the array, and finds the first occurrence of the string. Finally, the <xref:System.Array.LastIndexOf%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%29> method overload is used to search a range of four entries, beginning at index location 4 and extending backward (that is, it searches the items at locations 4, 3, 2, and 1); this search returns –1 because there are no instances of the search string in that range.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_LastIndexOf#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_LastIndexOf/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_LastIndexOf#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_LastIndexOf/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_LastIndexOf#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_LastIndexOf/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="startIndex" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for <paramref name="array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="count" /> is less than zero.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="startIndex" /> and <paramref name="count" /> do not specify a valid section in <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.IndexOf" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property instance int32 Length" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="P:System.Array.Length" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public ReadOnly Property Length As Integer" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:&#xA; property int Length { int get(); };" />
      <MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="member this.Length : int" Usage="System.Array.Length" />
      <MemberType>Property</MemberType>
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        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
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      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
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      <Attributes>
        <Attribute FrameworkAlternate="netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;xamarinandroid-7.1;xamarinios-10.8;xamarinmac-3.0">
          <AttributeName>get: System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution.ReliabilityContract(System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution.Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution.Cer.Success)</AttributeName>
        </Attribute>
        <Attribute FrameworkAlternate="netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netstandard-1.0;netstandard-1.1;netstandard-1.2">
          <AttributeName>get: System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical</AttributeName>
        </Attribute>
      </Attributes>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Int32</ReturnType>
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      <Docs>
        <summary>Gets the total number of elements in all the dimensions of the <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</summary>
        <value>The total number of elements in all the dimensions of the <see cref="T:System.Array" />; zero if there are no elements in the array.</value>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 Retrieving the value of this property is an O(1) operation.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following example uses the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> property to get the total number of elements in an array. It also uses the <xref:System.Array.GetUpperBound%2A> method to determine the number of elements in each dimension of a multidimensional array.  
  
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.Length#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.length/cs/length1.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.Length#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.length/vb/length1.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.OverflowException">The array is multidimensional and contains more than <see cref="F:System.Int32.MaxValue" /> elements.</exception>
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetLength(System.Int32)" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetUpperBound(System.Int32)" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetLowerBound(System.Int32)" />
        <altmember cref="P:System.Array.LongLength" />
        <altmember cref="P:System.Collections.ICollection.Count" />
        <altmember cref="P:System.Array.Rank" />
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="LongLength">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public long LongLength { get; }" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property instance int64 LongLength" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="P:System.Array.LongLength" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public ReadOnly Property LongLength As Long" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:&#xA; property long LongLength { long get(); };" />
      <MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="member this.LongLength : int64" Usage="System.Array.LongLength" />
      <MemberType>Property</MemberType>
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        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
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      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
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          <AttributeName>System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(false)</AttributeName>
        </Attribute>
        <Attribute FrameworkAlternate="netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;xamarinandroid-7.1;xamarinios-10.8;xamarinmac-3.0">
          <AttributeName>get: System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution.ReliabilityContract(System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution.Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution.Cer.Success)</AttributeName>
        </Attribute>
        <Attribute FrameworkAlternate="netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2">
          <AttributeName>get: System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical</AttributeName>
        </Attribute>
      </Attributes>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Int64</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Docs>
        <summary>Gets a 64-bit integer that represents the total number of elements in all the dimensions of the <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</summary>
        <value>A 64-bit integer that represents the total number of elements in all the dimensions of the <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</value>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 Retrieving the value of this property is an O(1) operation.  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetLongLength(System.Int32)" />
        <altmember cref="P:System.Array.Length" />
        <altmember cref="P:System.Collections.ICollection.Count" />
        <altmember cref="P:System.Array.Rank" />
      </Docs>
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      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property instance int32 Rank" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="P:System.Array.Rank" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public ReadOnly Property Rank As Integer" />
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      <MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="member this.Rank : int" Usage="System.Array.Rank" />
      <MemberType>Property</MemberType>
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          <AttributeName>get: System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution.ReliabilityContract(System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution.Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution.Cer.Success)</AttributeName>
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          <AttributeName>get: System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical</AttributeName>
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        <ReturnType>System.Int32</ReturnType>
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        <summary>Gets the rank (number of dimensions) of the <see cref="T:System.Array" />. For example, a one-dimensional array returns 1, a two-dimensional array returns 2, and so on.</summary>
        <value>The rank (number of dimensions) of the <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</value>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 For example, the Visual Basic code  
  
```vb  
Dim TDArray(0,0,0) As Integer  
```  
  
 and the C# code  
  
```csharp  
int[,,] TDArray = new int[1,1,1];  
```  
  
 create an array of three dimensions with a <xref:System.Array.Rank%2A> property whose value is 3.  
  
 A jagged array (an array of arrays) is a one-dimensional array; the value of its <xref:System.Array.Rank%2A> property is 1.  
  
 Retrieving the value of this property is an O(1) operation.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following example initializes a one-dimensional array, a two-dimensional array, and a jagged array, and retrieves the <xref:System.Array.Rank%2A> property of each.  
  
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.Rank#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.rank/cs/rank1.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.Rank#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.rank/vb/rank1.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <altmember cref="P:System.Array.Length" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetLength(System.Int32)" />
        <altmember cref="P:System.Array.LongLength" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetLongLength(System.Int32)" />
      </Docs>
    </Member>
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      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public static void Resize&lt;T&gt; (ref T[] array, int newSize);" />
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        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
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      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Void</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <TypeParameters>
        <TypeParameter Name="T" />
      </TypeParameters>
      <Parameters>
        <Parameter Name="array" Type="T[]" RefType="ref" />
        <Parameter Name="newSize" Type="System.Int32" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements of the array.</typeparam>
        <param name="array">The one-dimensional, zero-based array to resize, or <see langword="null" /> to create a new array with the specified size.</param>
        <param name="newSize">The size of the new array.</param>
        <summary>Changes the number of elements of a one-dimensional array to the specified new size.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This method allocates a new array with the specified size, copies elements from the old array to the new one, and then replaces the old array with the new one. `array` must be a one-dimensional array.  
  
 If `array` is `null`, this method creates a new array with the specified size.  
  
 If `newSize` is greater than the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of the old array, a new array is allocated and all the elements are copied from the old array to the new one.  If `newSize` is less than the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of the old array, a new array is allocated and elements are copied from the old array to the new one until the new one is filled; the rest of the elements in the old array are ignored.  If `newSize` is equal to the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of the old array, this method does nothing.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is `newSize`.  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.Resize%2A> method resizes a one-dimensional array only. The <xref:System.Array> class does not include a method for resizing multi-dimensional arrays. To do this, you must either provide your own code or call a special-purpose method in a third-party library. The following code illustrates one possible implementation for a method that resizes an array of *n* dimensions.  
  
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.Resize#2](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Resize/CS/resizexd.cs#2)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.Resize#2](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Resize/VB/resizexd.vb#2)]  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following example shows how resizing affects the array.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array.Resize#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Resize/CPP/System.Array.Resize.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.Resize#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Resize/CS/arrayresize.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.Resize#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Resize/VB/arrayresize.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="newSize" /> is less than zero.</exception>
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        <param name="array">The one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to reverse.</param>
        <summary>Reverses the sequence of the elements in the entire one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 After a call to this method, the element at `myArray[i]`, where `i` is any index in the array, moves to `myArray[j]`, where `j` equals `(myArray.Length + myArray.GetLowerBound(0)) - (i - myArray.GetLowerBound(0)) - 1`.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
 As the following example shows, the <xref:System.Array.Reverse%2A> method can be used to reverse a jagged array. It initializes a jagged array with one element for each month of the current year in the current culture's calendar. Each element contains an array with as many elements as that month has days. The example displays the contents of the array, calls the <xref:System.Array.Reverse%2A> method, and then displays the contents of the reversed array.  
  
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.Reverse#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.reverse/cs/reversejagged.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.Reverse#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.reverse/vb/reversejagged.vb#1)]  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to reverse the sort of the values in an <xref:System.Array>.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Classic Array.Reverse Example#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.Reverse Example/CPP/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Classic Array.Reverse Example#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.Reverse Example/CS/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Classic Array.Reverse Example#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.Reverse Example/VB/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is multidimensional.</exception>
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        <Parameter Name="index" Type="System.Int32" />
        <Parameter Name="length" Type="System.Int32" />
      </Parameters>
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        <param name="array">The one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to reverse.</param>
        <param name="index">The starting index of the section to reverse.</param>
        <param name="length">The number of elements in the section to reverse.</param>
        <summary>Reverses the sequence of the elements in a range of elements in the one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 After a call to this method, the element at `myArray[i]`, where `i` is any index in the array, moves to `myArray[j]`, where `j` equals `(myArray.Length + myArray.GetLowerBound(0)) - (i - myArray.GetLowerBound(0)) - 1`.  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.Reverse%2A> method can be used to reverse a jagged array.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is `length`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to reverse the sort of the values in a range of elements in an <xref:System.Array>.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Classic Array.Reverse1 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.Reverse1 Example/CPP/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Classic Array.Reverse1 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.Reverse1 Example/CS/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Classic Array.Reverse1 Example#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_Classic/classic Array.Reverse1 Example/VB/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is multidimensional.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="index" /> is less than the lower bound of <paramref name="array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="length" /> is less than zero.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="index" /> and <paramref name="length" /> do not specify a valid range in <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
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          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Array.GetLowerBound%2A> and <xref:System.Array.GetUpperBound%2A> methods can determine whether the value of `index` is out of bounds.  
  
 For more information about conversions, see <xref:System.Convert>.  
  
 This method is an O(1) operation.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  If <xref:System.Array.SetValue%2A> is used to assign `null` to an element of an array of value types, all fields of the element are initialized to zero. The value of the element is not a null reference, and cannot be found by searching for a null reference.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates how to set and get a specific value in a one-dimensional or multidimensional array.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CPP/array_getsetvalue.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CS/array_getsetvalue.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/VB/array_getsetvalue.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">The current <see cref="T:System.Array" /> does not have exactly one dimension.</exception>
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          <paramref name="value" /> cannot be cast to the element type of the current <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.IndexOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="index" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for the current <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</exception>
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        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetUpperBound(System.Int32)" />
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        <Parameter Name="indices" Type="System.Int32[]">
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            <Attribute>
              <AttributeName>System.ParamArray</AttributeName>
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        <param name="value">The new value for the specified element.</param>
        <param name="indices">A one-dimensional array of 32-bit integers that represent the indexes specifying the position of the element to set.</param>
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        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The number of elements in `indices` must equal the number of dimensions in the <xref:System.Array>. All elements in the `indices` array must collectively specify the position of the desired element in the multidimensional <xref:System.Array>.  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.GetLowerBound%2A> and <xref:System.Array.GetUpperBound%2A> methods can determine whether any of the values in the `indices` array is out of bounds.  
  
 For more information about conversions, see <xref:System.Convert>.  
  
 This method is an O(1) operation.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  If <xref:System.Array.SetValue%2A> is used to assign `null` to an element of an array of value types, all fields of the element are initialized to zero. The value of the element is not a null reference, and cannot be found by searching for a null reference.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates how to set and get a specific value in a one-dimensional or multidimensional array.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CPP/array_getsetvalue.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CS/array_getsetvalue.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/VB/array_getsetvalue.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="indices" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
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        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidCastException">
          <paramref name="value" /> cannot be cast to the element type of the current <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</exception>
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        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetUpperBound(System.Int32)" />
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        <param name="value">The new value for the specified element.</param>
        <param name="index">A 64-bit integer that represents the position of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> element to set.</param>
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        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Array.GetLowerBound%2A> and <xref:System.Array.GetUpperBound%2A> methods can determine whether the value of `index` is out of bounds.  
  
 For more information about conversions, see <xref:System.Convert>.  
  
 This method is an O(1) operation.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  If <xref:System.Array.SetValue%2A> is used to assign `null` to an element of an array of value types, all fields of the element are initialized to zero. The value of the element is not a null reference, and cannot be found by searching for a null reference.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates how to set and get a specific value in a one-dimensional or multidimensional array.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CPP/array_getsetvalue.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CS/array_getsetvalue.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/VB/array_getsetvalue.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">The current <see cref="T:System.Array" /> does not have exactly one dimension.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidCastException">
          <paramref name="value" /> cannot be cast to the element type of the current <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="index" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for the current <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetLowerBound(System.Int32)" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetUpperBound(System.Int32)" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.GetValue" />
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        <Parameter Name="indices" Type="System.Int64[]">
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              <AttributeName>System.ParamArray</AttributeName>
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        <param name="value">The new value for the specified element.</param>
        <param name="indices">A one-dimensional array of 64-bit integers that represent the indexes specifying the position of the element to set.</param>
        <summary>Sets a value to the element at the specified position in the multidimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" />. The indexes are specified as an array of 64-bit integers.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The number of elements in `indices` must equal the number of dimensions in the <xref:System.Array>. All elements in the `indices` array must collectively specify the position of the desired element in the multidimensional <xref:System.Array>.  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.GetLowerBound%2A> and <xref:System.Array.GetUpperBound%2A> methods can determine whether any of the values in the `indices` array is out of bounds.  
  
 For more information about conversions, see <xref:System.Convert>.  
  
 This method is an O(1) operation.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  If <xref:System.Array.SetValue%2A> is used to assign `null` to an element of an array of value types, all fields of the element are initialized to zero. The value of the element is not a null reference, and cannot be found by searching for a null reference.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates how to set and get a specific value in a one-dimensional or multidimensional array.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CPP/array_getsetvalue.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CS/array_getsetvalue.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/VB/array_getsetvalue.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="indices" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">The number of dimensions in the current <see cref="T:System.Array" /> is not equal to the number of elements in <paramref name="indices" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidCastException">
          <paramref name="value" /> cannot be cast to the element type of the current <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">Any element in <paramref name="indices" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for the corresponding dimension of the current <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetLowerBound(System.Int32)" />
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetUpperBound(System.Int32)" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.GetValue" />
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        <param name="value">The new value for the specified element.</param>
        <param name="index1">A 32-bit integer that represents the first-dimension index of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> element to set.</param>
        <param name="index2">A 32-bit integer that represents the second-dimension index of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> element to set.</param>
        <summary>Sets a value to the element at the specified position in the two-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" />. The indexes are specified as 32-bit integers.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Array.GetLowerBound%2A> and <xref:System.Array.GetUpperBound%2A> methods can determine whether any of the indexes is out of bounds.  
  
 For more information about conversions, see <xref:System.Convert>.  
  
 This method is an O(1) operation.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  If <xref:System.Array.SetValue%2A> is used to assign `null` to an element of an array of value types, all fields of the element are initialized to zero. The value of the element is not a null reference, and cannot be found by searching for a null reference.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates how to set and get a specific value in a one-dimensional or multidimensional array.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CPP/array_getsetvalue.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CS/array_getsetvalue.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/VB/array_getsetvalue.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">The current <see cref="T:System.Array" /> does not have exactly two dimensions.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidCastException">
          <paramref name="value" /> cannot be cast to the element type of the current <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.IndexOutOfRangeException">Either <paramref name="index1" /> or <paramref name="index2" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for the corresponding dimension of the current <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</exception>
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        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetUpperBound(System.Int32)" />
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        <Parameter Name="index1" Type="System.Int64" />
        <Parameter Name="index2" Type="System.Int64" />
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        <param name="value">The new value for the specified element.</param>
        <param name="index1">A 64-bit integer that represents the first-dimension index of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> element to set.</param>
        <param name="index2">A 64-bit integer that represents the second-dimension index of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> element to set.</param>
        <summary>Sets a value to the element at the specified position in the two-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" />. The indexes are specified as 64-bit integers.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Array.GetLowerBound%2A> and <xref:System.Array.GetUpperBound%2A> methods can determine whether any of the indexes is out of bounds.  
  
 For more information about conversions, see <xref:System.Convert>.  
  
 This method is an O(1) operation.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  If <xref:System.Array.SetValue%2A> is used to assign `null` to an element of an array of value types, all fields of the element are initialized to zero. The value of the element is not a null reference, and cannot be found by searching for a null reference.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates how to set and get a specific value in a one-dimensional or multidimensional array.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CPP/array_getsetvalue.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CS/array_getsetvalue.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/VB/array_getsetvalue.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
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        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">Either <paramref name="index1" /> or <paramref name="index2" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for the corresponding dimension of the current <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</exception>
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        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.GetUpperBound(System.Int32)" />
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        <Parameter Name="index3" Type="System.Int32" />
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        <param name="value">The new value for the specified element.</param>
        <param name="index1">A 32-bit integer that represents the first-dimension index of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> element to set.</param>
        <param name="index2">A 32-bit integer that represents the second-dimension index of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> element to set.</param>
        <param name="index3">A 32-bit integer that represents the third-dimension index of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> element to set.</param>
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        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Array.GetLowerBound%2A> and <xref:System.Array.GetUpperBound%2A> methods can determine whether any of the indexes is out of bounds.  
  
 For more information about conversions, see <xref:System.Convert>.  
  
 This method is an O(1) operation.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  If <xref:System.Array.SetValue%2A> is used to assign `null` to an element of an array of value types, all fields of the element are initialized to zero. The value of the element is not a null reference, and cannot be found by searching for a null reference.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates how to set and get a specific value in a one-dimensional or multidimensional array.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CPP/array_getsetvalue.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CS/array_getsetvalue.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/VB/array_getsetvalue.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
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          <paramref name="value" /> cannot be cast to the element type of the current <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.IndexOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="index1" /> or <paramref name="index2" /> or <paramref name="index3" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for the corresponding dimension of the current <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</exception>
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      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Void</ReturnType>
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        <Parameter Name="value" Type="System.Object" />
        <Parameter Name="index1" Type="System.Int64" />
        <Parameter Name="index2" Type="System.Int64" />
        <Parameter Name="index3" Type="System.Int64" />
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        <param name="value">The new value for the specified element.</param>
        <param name="index1">A 64-bit integer that represents the first-dimension index of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> element to set.</param>
        <param name="index2">A 64-bit integer that represents the second-dimension index of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> element to set.</param>
        <param name="index3">A 64-bit integer that represents the third-dimension index of the <see cref="T:System.Array" /> element to set.</param>
        <summary>Sets a value to the element at the specified position in the three-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" />. The indexes are specified as 64-bit integers.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Array.GetLowerBound%2A> and <xref:System.Array.GetUpperBound%2A> methods can determine whether any of the indexes is out of bounds.  
  
 For more information about conversions, see <xref:System.Convert>.  
  
 This method is an O(1) operation.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  If <xref:System.Array.SetValue%2A> is used to assign `null` to an element of an array of value types, all fields of the element are initialized to zero. The value of the element is not a null reference, and cannot be found by searching for a null reference.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates how to set and get a specific value in a one-dimensional or multidimensional array.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CPP/array_getsetvalue.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/CS/array_getsetvalue.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array_GetSetValue#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array_GetSetValue/VB/array_getsetvalue.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">The current <see cref="T:System.Array" /> does not have exactly three dimensions.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidCastException">
          <paramref name="value" /> cannot be cast to the element type of the current <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="index1" /> or <paramref name="index2" /> or <paramref name="index3" /> is outside the range of valid indexes for the corresponding dimension of the current <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</exception>
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        <param name="array">The one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to sort.</param>
        <summary>Sorts the elements in an entire one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> using the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> implementation of each element of the <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 Each element of `array` must implement the <xref:System.IComparable> interface to be capable of comparisons with every other element in `array`.  
  
 If the sort is not successfully completed, the results are undefined.  
  
 This method uses the introspective sort (introsort) algorithm as follows:  
  
-   If the partition size is fewer than 16 elements, it uses an [insertion sort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort) algorithm.  
  
-   If the number of partitions exceeds 2 * Log<sup>N</sup>, where *N* is the range of the input array, it uses a [Heapsort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort) algorithm.  
  
-   Otherwise, it uses a [Quicksort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort) algorithm.  
  
 This implementation performs an unstable sort; that is, if two elements are equal, their order might not be preserved. In contrast, a stable sort preserves the order of elements that are equal.  
  
 For arrays that are sorted by using the Heapsort and Quicksort algorithms, in the worst case, this method is an O(`n` log `n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to sort the values in an <xref:System.Array> using the default comparer and a custom comparer that reverses the sort order. Note that the result might vary depending on the current <xref:System.Globalization.CultureInfo>.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array.Sort#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort/CPP/arraysort.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.Sort#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort/CS/arraysort.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.Sort#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort/VB/arraysort.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is multidimensional.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidOperationException">One or more elements in <paramref name="array" /> do not implement the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> interface.</exception>
        <altmember cref="T:System.IComparable" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.BinarySearch" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <param name="keys">The one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that contains the keys to sort.</param>
        <param name="items">The one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that contains the items that correspond to each of the keys in the <c>keys</c><see cref="T:System.Array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <see langword="null" /> to sort only the <c>keys</c><see cref="T:System.Array" />.</param>
        <summary>Sorts a pair of one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> objects (one contains the keys and the other contains the corresponding items) based on the keys in the first <see cref="T:System.Array" /> using the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> implementation of each key.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 Each key in the `keys`<xref:System.Array> has a corresponding item in the `items`<xref:System.Array>. When a key is repositioned during the sorting, the corresponding item in the `items`<xref:System.Array> is similarly repositioned. Therefore, the `items`<xref:System.Array> is sorted according to the arrangement of the corresponding keys in the `keys`<xref:System.Array>.  
  
 Each key in the `keys`<xref:System.Array> must implement the <xref:System.IComparable> interface to be capable of comparisons with every other key.  
  
 You can sort if there are more items than keys, but the items that have no corresponding keys will not be sorted. You cannot sort if there are more keys than items; doing this throws an <xref:System.ArgumentException>.  
  
 If the sort is not successfully completed, the results are undefined.  
  
 This method uses the introspective sort (introsort) algorithm as follows:  
  
-   If the partition size is fewer than 16 elements, it uses an [insertion sort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort) algorithm.  
  
-   If the number of partitions exceeds 2 * Log<sup>N</sup>, where *N* is the range of the input array, it uses a [Heapsort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort) algorithm.  
  
-   Otherwise, it uses a [Quicksort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort) algorithm.  
  
 This implementation performs an unstable sort; that is, if two elements are equal, their order might not be preserved. In contrast, a stable sort preserves the order of elements that are equal.  
  
 For arrays that are sorted by using the Heapsort and Quicksort algorithms, in the worst case, this method is an O(`n` log `n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `keys`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following example shows how to sort two associated arrays where the first array contains the keys and the second array contains the values. Sorts are done using the default comparer and a custom comparer that reverses the sort order. Note that the result might vary depending on the current <xref:System.Globalization.CultureInfo>.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array.Sort2#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort2/CPP/arraysort2.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.Sort2#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort2/CS/arraysort2.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.Sort2#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort2/VB/arraysort2.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="keys" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">The <paramref name="keys" /><see cref="T:System.Array" /> is multidimensional.  
  
 -or-  
  
 The <paramref name="items" /><see cref="T:System.Array" /> is multidimensional.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="items" /> is not <see langword="null" />, and the length of <paramref name="keys" /> is greater than the length of <paramref name="items" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidOperationException">One or more elements in the <paramref name="keys" /><see cref="T:System.Array" /> do not implement the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> interface.</exception>
        <altmember cref="T:System.IComparable" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.BinarySearch" />
        <altmember cref="T:System.Collections.IDictionary" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <param name="array">The one-dimensional array to sort.</param>
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 -or-  
  
 <see langword="null" /> to use the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> implementation of each element.</param>
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          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 If `comparer` is `null`, each element of `array` must implement the <xref:System.IComparable> interface to be capable of comparisons with every other element in `array`.  
  
 If the sort is not successfully completed, the results are undefined.  
  
 This method uses the introspective sort (introsort) algorithm as follows:  
  
-   If the partition size is fewer than 16 elements, it uses an [insertion sort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort) algorithm.  
  
-   If the number of partitions exceeds 2 * Log<sup>N</sup>, where  *N* is the range of the input array, it uses a [Heapsort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort) algorithm.  
  
-   Otherwise, it uses a [Quicksort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort) algorithm.  
  
 This implementation performs an unstable sort; that is, if two elements are equal, their order might not be preserved. In contrast, a stable sort preserves the order of elements that are equal.  
  
 For arrays that are sorted by using the Heapsort and Quicksort algorithms, in the worst case, this method is an O(`n` log `n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
 The .NET Framework includes predefined <xref:System.Collections.IComparer> implementations listed in the following table.  
  
|Implementation|Description|  
|--------------------|-----------------|  
|<xref:System.Collections.CaseInsensitiveComparer?displayProperty=nameWithType>|Compares any two objects, but performs a case-insensitive comparison of strings.|  
|<xref:System.Collections.Comparer.Default?displayProperty=nameWithType>|Compares any two objects by using the sorting conventions of the current culture.|  
|<xref:System.Collections.Comparer.DefaultInvariant?displayProperty=nameWithType>|Compares any two objects by using the sorting conventions of the invariant culture.|  
|<xref:System.Collections.Generic.Comparer%601.Default%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType>|Compares two objects of type `T` by using the type's default sort order.|  
  
 You can also support custom comparisons by providing an instance of your own <xref:System.Collections.IComparer> implementation to the `comparer` parameter. The example does this by defining a `ReverseComparer` class that reverses the default sort order for instances of a type and performs case-insensitive string comparison.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following example sorts the values in a string arrayby using the default comparer. It also defines a custom <xref:System.Collections.IComparer> implementation named `ReverseComparer` that reverses an object's default sort order while performing a case-insensitive string comparison. Note that the output might vary depending on the current culture.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array.Sort#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort/CPP/arraysort.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.Sort#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort/CS/arraysort.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.Sort#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort/VB/arraysort.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
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          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is multidimensional.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidOperationException">
          <paramref name="comparer" /> is <see langword="null" />, and one or more elements in <paramref name="array" /> do not implement the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> interface.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">The implementation of <paramref name="comparer" /> caused an error during the sort. For example, <paramref name="comparer" /> might not return 0 when comparing an item with itself.</exception>
        <block subset="none" type="usage">
          <para>The .NET Framework 4 and earlier versions used only the Quicksort algorithm. Quicksort identifies invalid comparers in some situations in which the sorting operation throws an <see cref="T:System.IndexOutOfRangeException" /> exception, and throws an <see cref="T:System.ArgumentException" /> exception to the caller. Starting with the [!INCLUDE[net_v45](~/includes/net-v45-md.md)], it is possible that sorting operations that previously threw <see cref="T:System.ArgumentException" /> will not throw an exception, because the insertion sort and heapsort algorithms do not detect an invalid comparer. For the most part, this applies to arrays with fewer than 16 elements.</para>
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        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <Parameter Name="comparer" Type="System.Collections.IComparer" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <param name="keys">The one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that contains the keys to sort.</param>
        <param name="items">The one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that contains the items that correspond to each of the keys in the <c>keys</c><see cref="T:System.Array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <see langword="null" /> to sort only the <c>keys</c><see cref="T:System.Array" />.</param>
        <param name="comparer">The <see cref="T:System.Collections.IComparer" /> implementation to use when comparing elements.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <see langword="null" /> to use the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> implementation of each element.</param>
        <summary>Sorts a pair of one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> objects (one contains the keys and the other contains the corresponding items) based on the keys in the first <see cref="T:System.Array" /> using the specified <see cref="T:System.Collections.IComparer" />.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 Each key in the `keys`<xref:System.Array> has a corresponding item in the `items`<xref:System.Array>. When a key is repositioned during the sorting, the corresponding item in the `items`<xref:System.Array> is similarly repositioned. Therefore, the `items`<xref:System.Array> is sorted according to the arrangement of the corresponding keys in the `keys`<xref:System.Array>.  
  
 If `comparer` is `null`, each key in the `keys`<xref:System.Array> must implement the <xref:System.IComparable> interface to be capable of comparisons with every other key.  
  
 You can sort if there are more items than keys, but the items that have no corresponding keys will not be sorted. You cannot sort if there are more keys than items; doing this throws an <xref:System.ArgumentException>.  
  
 If the sort is not successfully completed, the results are undefined.  
  
 The .NET Framework includes predefined <xref:System.Collections.IComparer> implementations listed in the following table.  
  
|Implementation|Description|  
|--------------------|-----------------|  
|<xref:System.Collections.CaseInsensitiveComparer?displayProperty=nameWithType>|Compares any two objects, but performs a case-insensitive comparison of strings.|  
|<xref:System.Collections.Comparer.Default?displayProperty=nameWithType>|Compares any two objects by using the sorting conventions of the current culture.|  
|<xref:System.Collections.Comparer.DefaultInvariant?displayProperty=nameWithType>|Compares any two objects by using the sorting conventions of the invariant culture.|  
|<xref:System.Collections.Generic.Comparer%601.Default%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType>|Compares two objects of type `T` by using the type's default sort order.|  
  
 You can also support custom comparisons by providing an instance of your own <xref:System.Collections.IComparer> implementation to the `comparer` parameter. The example does this by defining an <xref:System.Collections.IComparer> implementation that reverses the default sort order and performs case-insensitive string comparison.  
  
 This method uses the introspective sort (introsort) algorithm as follows:  
  
-   If the partition size is fewer than 16 elements, it uses an [insertion sort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort) algorithm.  
  
-   If the number of partitions exceeds 2 * Log<sup>N</sup>, where  *N* is the range of the input array, it uses a [Heapsort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort) algorithm.  
  
-   Otherwise, it uses a [Quicksort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort) algorithm.  
  
 This implementation performs an unstable sort; that is, if two elements are equal, their order might not be preserved. In contrast, a stable sort preserves the order of elements that are equal.  
  
 For arrays that are sorted by using the Heapsort and Quicksort algorithms, in the worst case, this method is an O(`n` log `n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `keys`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following example shows how to sort two associated arrays where the first array contains the keys and the second array contains the values. Sorts are done using the default comparer and a custom comparer that reverses the sort order. Note that the result might vary depending on the current <xref:System.Globalization.CultureInfo>.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array.Sort2#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort2/CPP/arraysort2.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.Sort2#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort2/CS/arraysort2.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.Sort2#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort2/VB/arraysort2.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="keys" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">The <paramref name="keys" /><see cref="T:System.Array" /> is multidimensional.  
  
 -or-  
  
 The <paramref name="items" /><see cref="T:System.Array" /> is multidimensional.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="items" /> is not <see langword="null" />, and the length of <paramref name="keys" /> is greater than the length of <paramref name="items" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 The implementation of <paramref name="comparer" /> caused an error during the sort. For example, <paramref name="comparer" /> might not return 0 when comparing an item with itself.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidOperationException">
          <paramref name="comparer" /> is <see langword="null" />, and one or more elements in the <paramref name="keys" /><see cref="T:System.Array" /> do not implement the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> interface.</exception>
        <block subset="none" type="usage">
          <para>The .NET Framework 4 and earlier versions used only the Quicksort algorithm. Quicksort identifies invalid comparers in some situations in which the sorting operation throws an <see cref="T:System.IndexOutOfRangeException" /> exception, and throws an <see cref="T:System.ArgumentException" /> exception to the caller. Starting with the [!INCLUDE[net_v45](~/includes/net-v45-md.md)], it is possible that sorting operations that previouslythrew <see cref="T:System.ArgumentException" /> will not throw an exception, becausethe insertion sort and heapsort algorithms do not detect an invalid comparer. For the most part, this applies to arrays with fewer than 16 elements.</para>
        </block>
        <altmember cref="T:System.Collections.IComparer" />
        <altmember cref="T:System.IComparable" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.BinarySearch" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <param name="array">The one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to sort.</param>
        <param name="index">The starting index of the range to sort.</param>
        <param name="length">The number of elements in the range to sort.</param>
        <summary>Sorts the elements in a range of elements in a one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> using the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> implementation of each element of the <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 Each element within the specified range of elements in `array` must implement the <xref:System.IComparable> interface to be capable of comparisons with every other element in `array`.  
  
 If the sort is not successfully completed, the results are undefined.  
  
 This method uses the introspective sort (introsort) algorithm as follows:  
  
-   If the partition size is fewer than 16 elements, it uses an [insertion sort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort) algorithm.  
  
-   If the number of partitions exceeds 2 * Log<sup>N</sup>, where  *N* is the range of the input array, it uses a [Heapsort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort) algorithm.  
  
-   Otherwise, it uses a [Quicksort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort) algorithm.  
  
 This implementation performs an unstable sort; that is, if two elements are equal, their order might not be preserved. In contrast, a stable sort preserves the order of elements that are equal.  
  
 For arrays that are sorted by using the Heapsort and Quicksort algorithms, in the worst case, this method is an O(`n` log `n`) operation, where `n` is `length`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to sort the values in an <xref:System.Array> using the default comparer and a custom comparer that reverses the sort order. Note that the result might vary depending on the current <xref:System.Globalization.CultureInfo>.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array.Sort#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort/CPP/arraysort.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.Sort#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort/CS/arraysort.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.Sort#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort/VB/arraysort.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is multidimensional.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="index" /> is less than the lower bound of <paramref name="array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="length" /> is less than zero.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="index" /> and <paramref name="length" /> do not specify a valid range in <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidOperationException">One or more elements in <paramref name="array" /> do not implement the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> interface.</exception>
        <altmember cref="T:System.IComparable" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.BinarySearch" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <Parameter Name="index" Type="System.Int32" />
        <Parameter Name="length" Type="System.Int32" />
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        <param name="keys">The one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that contains the keys to sort.</param>
        <param name="items">The one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that contains the items that correspond to each of the keys in the <c>keys</c><see cref="T:System.Array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <see langword="null" /> to sort only the <c>keys</c><see cref="T:System.Array" />.</param>
        <param name="index">The starting index of the range to sort.</param>
        <param name="length">The number of elements in the range to sort.</param>
        <summary>Sorts a range of elements in a pair of one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> objects (one contains the keys and the other contains the corresponding items) based on the keys in the first <see cref="T:System.Array" /> using the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> implementation of each key.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 Each key in the `keys`<xref:System.Array> has a corresponding item in the `items`<xref:System.Array>. When a key is repositioned during the sorting, the corresponding item in the `items`<xref:System.Array> is similarly repositioned. Therefore, the `items`<xref:System.Array> is sorted according to the arrangement of the corresponding keys in the `keys`<xref:System.Array>.  
  
 Each key within the specified range of elements in the `keys`<xref:System.Array> must implement the <xref:System.IComparable> interface to be capable of comparisons with every other key.  
  
 You can sort if there are more items than keys, but the items that have no corresponding keys will not be sorted. You cannot sort if there are more keys than items; doing this throws an <xref:System.ArgumentException>.  
  
 If the sort is not successfully completed, the results are undefined.  
  
 This method uses the introspective sort (introsort) algorithm as follows:  
  
-   If the partition size is fewer than 16 elements, it uses an [insertion sort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort) algorithm.  
  
-   If the number of partitions exceeds 2 * Log<sup>N</sup>, where *N* is the range of the input array, it uses a [Heapsort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort) algorithm.  
  
-   Otherwise, it uses a [Quicksort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort) algorithm.  
  
 This implementation performs an unstable sort; that is, if two elements are equal, their order might not be preserved. In contrast, a stable sort preserves the order of elements that are equal.  
  
 For arrays that are sorted by using the Heapsort and Quicksort algorithms, in the worst case, this method is an O(`n` log `n`) operation, where `n` is `length`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to sort two associated arrays where the first array contains the keys and the second array contains the values. Sorts are done using the default comparer and a custom comparer that reverses the sort order. Note that the result might vary depending on the current <xref:System.Globalization.CultureInfo>.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array.Sort2#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort2/CPP/arraysort2.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.Sort2#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort2/CS/arraysort2.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.Sort2#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort2/VB/arraysort2.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="keys" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">The <paramref name="keys" /><see cref="T:System.Array" /> is multidimensional.  
  
 -or-  
  
 The <paramref name="items" /><see cref="T:System.Array" /> is multidimensional.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="index" /> is less than the lower bound of <paramref name="keys" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="length" /> is less than zero.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="items" /> is not <see langword="null" />, and the length of <paramref name="keys" /> is greater than the length of <paramref name="items" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="index" /> and <paramref name="length" /> do not specify a valid range in the <paramref name="keys" /><see cref="T:System.Array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="items" /> is not <see langword="null" />, and <paramref name="index" /> and <paramref name="length" /> do not specify a valid range in the <paramref name="items" /><see cref="T:System.Array" />.</exception>
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        <altmember cref="T:System.IComparable" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.BinarySearch" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <param name="length">The number of elements in the range to sort.</param>
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 -or-  
  
 <see langword="null" /> to use the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> implementation of each element.</param>
        <summary>Sorts the elements in a range of elements in a one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> using the specified <see cref="T:System.Collections.IComparer" />.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 If `comparer` is `null`, each element within the specified range of elements in `array` must implement the <xref:System.IComparable> interface to be capable of comparisons with every other element in `array`.  
  
 If the sort is not successfully completed, the results are undefined.  
  
 The .NET Framework includes predefined <xref:System.Collections.IComparer> implementations listed in the following table.  
  
|Implementation|Description|  
|--------------------|-----------------|  
|<xref:System.Collections.CaseInsensitiveComparer?displayProperty=nameWithType>|Compares any two objects, but performs a case-insensitive comparison of strings.|  
|<xref:System.Collections.Comparer.Default?displayProperty=nameWithType>|Compares any two objects by using the sorting conventions of the current culture.|  
|<xref:System.Collections.Comparer.DefaultInvariant?displayProperty=nameWithType>|Compares any two objects by using the sorting conventions of the invariant culture.|  
|<xref:System.Collections.Generic.Comparer%601.Default%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType>|Compares two objects of type `T` by using the type's default sort order.|  
  
 You can also support custom comparisons by providing an instance of your own <xref:System.Collections.IComparer> implementation to the `comparer` parameter. The example does this by defining a `ReverseComparer` class that reverses the default sort order for instances of a type and performs case-insensitive string comparison.  
  
 This method uses the introspective sort (introsort) algorithm as follows:  
  
-   If the partition size is fewer than 16 elements, it uses an [insertion sort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort) algorithm.  
  
-   If the number of partitions exceeds 2 * Log<sup>N</sup>, where  *N* is the range of the input array, it uses a [Heapsort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort) algorithm.  
  
-   Otherwise, it uses a [Quicksort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort) algorithm.  
  
 This implementation performs an unstable sort; that is, if two elements are equal, their order might not be preserved. In contrast, a stable sort preserves the order of elements that are equal.  
  
 For arrays that are sorted by using the Heapsort and Quicksort algorithms, in the worst case, this method is an O(`n` log `n`) operation, where `n` is `length`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to sort the values in an <xref:System.Array> using the default comparer and a custom comparer that reverses the sort order. Note that the result might vary depending on the current <xref:System.Globalization.CultureInfo>.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array.Sort#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort/CPP/arraysort.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.Sort#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort/CS/arraysort.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.Sort#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort/VB/arraysort.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is multidimensional.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="index" /> is less than the lower bound of <paramref name="array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="length" /> is less than zero.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="index" /> and <paramref name="length" /> do not specify a valid range in <paramref name="array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 The implementation of <paramref name="comparer" /> caused an error during the sort. For example, <paramref name="comparer" /> might not return 0 when comparing an item with itself.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidOperationException">
          <paramref name="comparer" /> is <see langword="null" />, and one or more elements in <paramref name="array" /> do not implement the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> interface.</exception>
        <block subset="none" type="usage">
          <para>The .NET Framework 4 and earlier versions used only the Quicksort algorithm. Quicksort identifies invalid comparers in some situations in which the sorting operation throws an <see cref="T:System.IndexOutOfRangeException" /> exception, and throws an <see cref="T:System.ArgumentException" /> exception to the caller. Starting with the [!INCLUDE[net_v45](~/includes/net-v45-md.md)], it is possible that sorting operations that previously threw <see cref="T:System.ArgumentException" /> will not throw an exception, because the insertion sort and heapsort algorithms do not detect an invalid comparer. For the most part, this applies to arrays with fewer than 16 elements.</para>
        </block>
        <altmember cref="T:System.Collections.IComparer" />
        <altmember cref="T:System.IComparable" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.BinarySearch" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <Parameter Name="index" Type="System.Int32" />
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        <Parameter Name="comparer" Type="System.Collections.IComparer" />
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        <param name="keys">The one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that contains the keys to sort.</param>
        <param name="items">The one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that contains the items that correspond to each of the keys in the <c>keys</c><see cref="T:System.Array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <see langword="null" /> to sort only the <c>keys</c><see cref="T:System.Array" />.</param>
        <param name="index">The starting index of the range to sort.</param>
        <param name="length">The number of elements in the range to sort.</param>
        <param name="comparer">The <see cref="T:System.Collections.IComparer" /> implementation to use when comparing elements.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <see langword="null" /> to use the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> implementation of each element.</param>
        <summary>Sorts a range of elements in a pair of one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> objects (one contains the keys and the other contains the corresponding items) based on the keys in the first <see cref="T:System.Array" /> using the specified <see cref="T:System.Collections.IComparer" />.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 Each key in the `keys`<xref:System.Array> has a corresponding item in the `items`<xref:System.Array>. When a key is repositioned during the sorting, the corresponding item in the `items`<xref:System.Array> is similarly repositioned. Therefore, the `items`<xref:System.Array> is sorted according to the arrangement of the corresponding keys in the `keys`<xref:System.Array>.  
  
 If `comparer` is `null`, each key within the specified range of elements in the `keys`<xref:System.Array> must implement the <xref:System.IComparable> interface to be capable of comparisons with every other key.  
  
 You can sort if there are more items than keys, but the items that have no corresponding keys will not be sorted. You cannot sort if there are more keys than items; doing this throws an <xref:System.ArgumentException>.  
  
 If the sort is not successfully completed, the results are undefined.  
  
 The .NET Framework includes predefined <xref:System.Collections.IComparer> implementations listed in the following table.  
  
|Implementation|Description|  
|--------------------|-----------------|  
|<xref:System.Collections.CaseInsensitiveComparer?displayProperty=nameWithType>|Compares any two objects, but performs a case-insensitive comparison of strings.|  
|<xref:System.Collections.Comparer.Default?displayProperty=nameWithType>|Compares any two objects by using the sorting conventions of the current culture.|  
|<xref:System.Collections.Comparer.DefaultInvariant?displayProperty=nameWithType>|Compares any two objects by using the sorting conventions of the invariant culture.|  
|<xref:System.Collections.Generic.Comparer%601.Default%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType>|Compares two objects of type `T` by using the type's default sort order.|  
  
 You can also support custom comparisons by providing an instance of your own <xref:System.Collections.IComparer> implementation to the `comparer` parameter. The example does this by defining a custom <xref:System.Collections.IComparer> implementation that reverses the default sort order and performs case-insensitive string comparison.  
  
 This method uses the introspective sort (introsort) algorithm as follows:  
  
-   If the partition size is fewer than 16 elements, it uses an [insertion sort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort) algorithm.  
  
-   If the number of partitions exceeds 2 * Log<sup>N</sup>, where *N* is the range of the input array, it uses a [Heapsort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort) algorithm.  
  
-   Otherwise, it uses a [Quicksort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort) algorithm.  
  
 This implementation performs an unstable sort; that is, if two elements are equal, their order might not be preserved. In contrast, a stable sort preserves the order of elements that are equal.  
  
 For arrays that are sorted by using the Heapsort and Quicksort algorithms, in the worst case, this method is an O(`n` log `n`) operation, where `n` is `length`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to sort two associated arrays where the first array contains the keys and the second array contains the values. Sorts are done using the default comparer and a custom comparer that reverses the sort order. Note that the result might vary depending on the current <xref:System.Globalization.CultureInfo>.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array.Sort2#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort2/CPP/arraysort2.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.Sort2#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort2/CS/arraysort2.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.Sort2#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.Sort2/VB/arraysort2.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="keys" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.RankException">The <paramref name="keys" /><see cref="T:System.Array" /> is multidimensional.  
  
 -or-  
  
 The <paramref name="items" /><see cref="T:System.Array" /> is multidimensional.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="index" /> is less than the lower bound of <paramref name="keys" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="length" /> is less than zero.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="items" /> is not <see langword="null" />, and the lower bound of <paramref name="keys" /> does not match the lower bound of <paramref name="items" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="items" /> is not <see langword="null" />, and the length of <paramref name="keys" /> is greater than the length of <paramref name="items" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="index" /> and <paramref name="length" /> do not specify a valid range in the <paramref name="keys" /><see cref="T:System.Array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="items" /> is not <see langword="null" />, and <paramref name="index" /> and <paramref name="length" /> do not specify a valid range in the <paramref name="items" /><see cref="T:System.Array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 The implementation of <paramref name="comparer" /> caused an error during the sort. For example, <paramref name="comparer" /> might not return 0 when comparing an item with itself.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidOperationException">
          <paramref name="comparer" /> is <see langword="null" />, and one or more elements in the <paramref name="keys" /><see cref="T:System.Array" /> do not implement the <see cref="T:System.IComparable" /> interface.</exception>
        <block subset="none" type="usage">
          <para>The .NET Framework 4 and earlier versions used only the Quicksort algorithm. Quicksort identifies invalid comparers in some situations in which the sorting operation throws an <see cref="T:System.IndexOutOfRangeException" /> exception, and throws an <see cref="T:System.ArgumentException" /> exception to the caller. Starting with the [!INCLUDE[net_v45](~/includes/net-v45-md.md)], it is possible that sorting operations that previously threw <see cref="T:System.ArgumentException" /> will not throw an exception, because the insertion sort and heapsort algorithms do not detect an invalid comparer. For the most part, this applies to arrays with fewer than 16 elements.</para>
        </block>
        <altmember cref="T:System.Collections.IComparer" />
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        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.BinarySearch" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <param name="array">The one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to sort.</param>
        <summary>Sorts the elements in an entire <see cref="T:System.Array" /> using the <see cref="T:System.IComparable`1" /> generic interface implementation of each element of the <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 Each element of `array` must implement the <xref:System.IComparable%601> generic interface to be capable of comparisons with every other element in `array`.  
  
 If the sort is not successfully completed, the results are undefined.  
  
 This method uses the introspective sort (introsort) algorithm as follows:  
  
-   If the partition size is fewer than 16 elements, it uses an [insertion sort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort) algorithm.  
  
-   If the number of partitions exceeds 2 * Log<sup>N</sup>, where  *N* is the range of the input array, it uses a [Heapsort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort) algorithm.  
  
-   Otherwise, it uses a [Quicksort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort) algorithm.  
  
 This implementation performs an unstable sort; that is, if two elements are equal, their order might not be preserved. In contrast, a stable sort preserves the order of elements that are equal.  
  
 For arrays that are sorted by using the Heapsort and Quicksort algorithms, in the worst case, this method is an O(`n` log `n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates the <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%29> generic method overload and the <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%29> generic method overload. An array of strings is created, in no particular order.  
  
 The array is displayed, sorted, and displayed again.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  The calls to the <xref:System.Array.Sort%2A> and <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%2A> generic methods do not look any different from calls to their nongeneric counterparts, because Visual Basic, C#, and C++ infer the type of the generic type parameter from the type of the first argument. If you use the [Ildasm.exe (IL Disassembler)](~/docs/framework/tools/ildasm-exe-il-disassembler.md) to examine the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL), you can see that the generic methods are being called.  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%29> generic method overload is then used to search for two strings, one that is not in the array and one that is. The array and the return value of the <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%2A> method are passed to the `ShowWhere` generic method, which displays the index value if the string is found, and otherwise the elements the search string would fall between if it were in the array. The index is negative if the string is not n the array, so the `ShowWhere` method takes the bitwise complement (the ~ operator in C# and Visual C++, `Xor` -1 in Visual Basic) to obtain the index of the first element in the list that is larger than the search string.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_SortSearch#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_SortSearch/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_SortSearch#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_SortSearch/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_SortSearch#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_SortSearch/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
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        <altmember cref="T:System.IComparable`1" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.BinarySearch" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 If `comparer` is `null`, each element of `array` must implement the <xref:System.IComparable%601> generic interface to be capable of comparisons with every other element in `array`.  
  
 If the sort is not successfully completed, the results are undefined.  
  
 This method uses the introspective sort (introsort) algorithm as follows:  
  
-   If the partition size is fewer than 16 elements, it uses an [insertion sort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort) algorithm.  
  
-   If the number of partitions exceeds 2 * Log<sup>N</sup>, where  *N* is the range of the input array, it uses a [Heapsort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort) algorithm.  
  
-   Otherwise, it uses a [Quicksort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort) algorithm.  
  
 This implementation performs an unstable sort; that is, if two elements are equal, their order might not be preserved. In contrast, a stable sort preserves the order of elements that are equal.  
  
 For arrays that are sorted by using the Heapsort and Quicksort algorithms, in the worst case, this method is an O(`n` log `n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates the <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> generic method overload and the <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> generic method overload.  
  
 The code example defines an alternative comparer for strings, named `ReverseCompare`, which implements the `IComparer<string>` (`IComparer(Of String)` in Visual Basic, `IComparer<String^>` in Visual C++) generic interface. The comparer calls the <xref:System.String.CompareTo%28System.String%29> method, reversing the order of the comparands so that the strings sort high-to-low instead of low-to-high.  
  
 The array is displayed, sorted, and displayed again. Arrays must be sorted in order to use the <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%2A> method.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  The calls to the <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> and <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> generic methods do not look any different from calls to their nongeneric counterparts, because Visual Basic, C#, and C++ infer the type of the generic type parameter from the type of the first argument. If you use the [Ildasm.exe (IL Disassembler)](~/docs/framework/tools/ildasm-exe-il-disassembler.md) to examine the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL), you can see that the generic methods are being called.  
  
 The <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> generic method overload is then used to search for two strings, one that is not in the array and one that is. The array and the return value of the <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> method are passed to the `ShowWhere` generic method, which displays the index value if the string is found, and otherwise the elements the search string would fall between if it were in the array. The index is negative if the string is not n the array, so the `ShowWhere` method takes the bitwise complement (the ~ operator in C# and Visual C++, `Xor` -1 in Visual Basic) to obtain the index of the first element in the list that is larger than the search string.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_SortSearchComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_SortSearchComparer/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_SortSearchComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_SortSearchComparer/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_SortSearchComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_SortSearchComparer/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidOperationException">
          <paramref name="comparer" /> is <see langword="null" />, and one or more elements in <paramref name="array" /> do not implement the <see cref="T:System.IComparable`1" /> generic interface.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">The implementation of <paramref name="comparer" /> caused an error during the sort. For example, <paramref name="comparer" /> might not return 0 when comparing an item with itself.</exception>
        <block subset="none" type="usage">
          <para>The .NET Framework 4 and earlier versions used only the Quicksort algorithm. Quicksort identifies invalid comparers in some situations in which the sorting operation throws an <see cref="T:System.IndexOutOfRangeException" /> exception, and throws an <see cref="T:System.ArgumentException" /> exception to the caller. Starting with the [!INCLUDE[net_v45](~/includes/net-v45-md.md)], it is possible that sorting operations that previously threw <see cref="T:System.ArgumentException" /> will not throw an exception, because the insertion sort and heapsort algorithms do not detect an invalid comparer. For the most part, this applies to arrays with fewer than 16 elements.</para>
        </block>
        <altmember cref="T:System.Collections.Generic.IComparer`1" />
        <altmember cref="T:System.IComparable`1" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.BinarySearch" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <param name="comparison">The <see cref="T:System.Comparison`1" /> to use when comparing elements.</param>
        <summary>Sorts the elements in an <see cref="T:System.Array" /> using the specified <see cref="T:System.Comparison`1" />.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 If the sort is not successfully completed, the results are undefined.  
  
 This method uses introspective sort (introsort) algorithm as follows:  
  
-   If the partition size is fewer than 16 elements, it uses an [insertion sort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort) algorithm.  
  
-   If the number of partitions exceeds 2 * Log<sup>N</sup>, where  *N* is the range of the input array, it uses a [Heapsort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort) algorithm.  
  
-   Otherwise, it uses a [Quicksort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort) algorithm.  
  
 This implementation performs an unstable sort; that is, if two elements are equal, their order might not be preserved. In contrast, a stable sort preserves the order of elements that are equal.  
  
 For arrays that are sorted by using the Heapsort and Quicksort algorithms, in the worst case, this method is an O(`n` log `n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates the <xref:System.Collections.Generic.List%601.Sort%28System.Comparison%7B%600%7D%29> method overload.  
  
 The code example defines an alternative comparison method for strings, named `CompareDinosByLength`. This method works as follows: First, the comparandsare tested for`null`, and a null reference is treated as less than a non-null. Second, the string lengths are compared, and the longer string is deemed to be greater. Third, if the lengths are equal, ordinary string comparison is used.  
  
 A array of strings is created and populated with four strings, in no particular order. The list also includes an empty string and a null reference. The list is displayed, sorted using a <xref:System.Comparison%601> generic delegate representing the `CompareDinosByLength` method, and displayed again.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_SortComparison#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_SortComparison/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_SortComparison#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_SortComparison/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_SortComparison#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_SortComparison/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="comparison" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">The implementation of <paramref name="comparison" /> caused an error during the sort. For example, <paramref name="comparison" /> might not return 0 when comparing an item with itself.</exception>
        <block subset="none" type="usage">
          <para>The .NET Framework 4 and earlier versions used only the Quicksort algorithm. Quicksort identifies invalid comparers in some situations in which the sorting operation throws an <see cref="T:System.IndexOutOfRangeException" /> exception, and throws an <see cref="T:System.ArgumentException" /> exception to the caller. Starting with the [!INCLUDE[net_v45](~/includes/net-v45-md.md)], it is possible that sorting operations that previously threw <see cref="T:System.ArgumentException" /> will not throw an exception, because the insertion sort and heapsort algorithms do not detect an invalid comparer. For the most part, this applies to arrays with fewer than 16 elements.</para>
        </block>
        <altmember cref="T:System.Comparison`1" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.BinarySearch" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <param name="array">The one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to sort</param>
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        <param name="length">The number of elements in the range to sort.</param>
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        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 Each element within the specified range of elements in `array` must implement the <xref:System.IComparable%601> generic interface to be capable of comparisons with every other element in `array`.  
  
 If the sort is not successfully completed, the results are undefined.  
  
 This method uses the introspective sort (introsort) algorithm as follows:  
  
-   If the partition size is fewer than 16 elements, it uses an [insertion sort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort) algorithm.  
  
-   If the number of partitions exceeds 2 * Log<sup>N</sup>, where  *N* is the range of the input array, it uses a [Heapsort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort) algorithm.  
  
-   Otherwise, it uses a [Quicksort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort) algorithm.  
  
 This implementation performs an unstable sort; that is, if two elements are equal, their order might not be preserved. In contrast, a stable sort preserves the order of elements that are equal.  
  
 For arrays that are sorted by using the Heapsort and Quicksort algorithms, in the worst case, this method is an O(`n` log `n`) operation, where `n` is `length`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates the <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%29> generic method overload and the <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> generic method overload for sorting a range in an array.  
  
 The code example defines an alternative comparer for strings, named `ReverseCompare`, which implements the `IComparer<string>` (`IComparer(Of String)` in Visual Basic, `IComparer<String^>` in Visual C++) generic interface. The comparer calls the <xref:System.String.CompareTo%28System.String%29> method, reversing the order of the comparands so that the strings sort high-to-low instead of low-to-high.  
  
 The code example creates and displays an array of dinosaur names, consisting of three herbivores followed by three carnivores (tyrannosaurids, to be precise). The <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%29> generic method overload is used to sort the last three elements of the array, which is then displayed. The <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> generic method overload is used with `ReverseCompare` to sort the last three elements in reverse order. The thoroughly confused dinosaurs are displayed again.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  The calls to the <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> and <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> generic methods do not look any different from calls to their nongeneric counterparts, because Visual Basic, C#, and C++ infer the type of the generic type parameter from the type of the first argument. If you use the [Ildasm.exe (IL Disassembler)](~/docs/framework/tools/ildasm-exe-il-disassembler.md) to examine the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL), you can see that the generic methods are being called.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_SortIntIntIComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_SortIntIntIComparer/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_SortIntIntIComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_SortIntIntIComparer/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_SortIntIntIComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_SortIntIntIComparer/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
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          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="index" /> is less than the lower bound of <paramref name="array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="length" /> is less than zero.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="index" /> and <paramref name="length" /> do not specify a valid range in <paramref name="array" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidOperationException">One or more elements in <paramref name="array" /> do not implement the <see cref="T:System.IComparable`1" /> generic interface.</exception>
        <altmember cref="T:System.IComparable`1" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.BinarySearch" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <param name="array">The one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to sort.</param>
        <param name="index">The starting index of the range to sort.</param>
        <param name="length">The number of elements in the range to sort.</param>
        <param name="comparer">The <see cref="T:System.Collections.Generic.IComparer`1" /> generic interface implementation to use when comparing elements, or <see langword="null" /> to use the <see cref="T:System.IComparable`1" /> generic interface implementation of each element.</param>
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        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 If `comparer` is `null`, each element within the specified range of elements in `array` must implement the <xref:System.IComparable%601> generic interface to be capable of comparisons with every other element in `array`.  
  
 If the sort is not successfully completed, the results are undefined.  
  
 This method uses the introspective sort (introsort) algorithm as follows:  
  
-   If the partition size is fewer than 16 elements, it uses an [insertion sort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort) algorithm.  
  
-   If the number of partitions exceeds 2 * Log<sup>N</sup>, where  *N* is the range of the input array, it uses a [Heapsort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort) algorithm.  
  
-   Otherwise, it uses a [Quicksort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort) algorithm.  
  
 This implementation performs an unstable sort; that is, if two elements are equal, their order might not be preserved. In contrast, a stable sort preserves the order of elements that are equal.  
  
 For arrays that are sorted by using the Heapsort and Quicksort algorithms, in the worst case, this method is an O(`n` log `n`) operation, where `n` is `length`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates the <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%29> generic method overload and the <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> generic method overload for sorting a range in an array.  
  
 The code example defines an alternative comparer for strings, named `ReverseCompare`, which implements the `IComparer<string>` (`IComparer(Of String)` in Visual Basic, `IComparer<String^>` in Visual C++) generic interface. The comparer calls the <xref:System.String.CompareTo%28System.String%29> method, reversing the order of the comparands so that the strings sort high-to-low instead of low-to-high.  
  
 The code example creates and displays an array of dinosaur names, consisting of three herbivores followed by three carnivores (tyrannosaurids, to be precise). The <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%29> generic method overload is used to sort the last three elements of the array, which is then displayed. The <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> generic method overload is used with `ReverseCompare` to sort the last three elements in reverse order. The thoroughly confused dinosaurs are displayed again.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  The calls to the <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> and <xref:System.Array.BinarySearch%60%601%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%600%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> generic methods do not look any different from calls to their nongeneric counterparts, because Visual Basic, C#, and C++ infer the type of the generic type parameter from the type of the first argument. If you use the [Ildasm.exe (IL Disassembler)](~/docs/framework/tools/ildasm-exe-il-disassembler.md) to examine the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL), you can see that the generic methods are being called.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_SortIntIntIComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_SortIntIntIComparer/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_SortIntIntIComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_SortIntIntIComparer/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_SortIntIntIComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_SortIntIntIComparer/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="index" /> is less than the lower bound of <paramref name="array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="length" /> is less than zero.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="index" /> and <paramref name="length" /> do not specify a valid range in <paramref name="array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 The implementation of <paramref name="comparer" /> caused an error during the sort. For example, <paramref name="comparer" /> might not return 0 when comparing an item with itself.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidOperationException">
          <paramref name="comparer" /> is <see langword="null" />, and one or more elements in <paramref name="array" /> do not implement the <see cref="T:System.IComparable`1" /> generic interface.</exception>
        <block subset="none" type="usage">
          <para>The .NET Framework 4 and earlier versions used only the Quicksort algorithm. Quicksort identifies invalid comparers in some situations in which the sorting operation throws an <see cref="T:System.IndexOutOfRangeException" /> exception, and throws an <see cref="T:System.ArgumentException" /> exception to the caller. Starting with the [!INCLUDE[net_v45](~/includes/net-v45-md.md)], it is possible that sorting operations that previously threw <see cref="T:System.ArgumentException" /> will not throw an exception, because the insertion sort and heapsort algorithms do not detect an invalid comparer. For the most part, this applies to arrays with fewer than 16 elements.</para>
        </block>
        <altmember cref="T:System.Collections.Generic.IComparer`1" />
        <altmember cref="T:System.IComparable`1" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.BinarySearch" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
      </Docs>
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        <Parameter Name="items" Type="TValue[]" />
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        <typeparam name="TKey">The type of the elements of the key array.</typeparam>
        <typeparam name="TValue">The type of the elements of the items array.</typeparam>
        <param name="keys">The one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that contains the keys to sort.</param>
        <param name="items">The one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that contains the items that correspond to the keys in <c>keys</c>, or <see langword="null" /> to sort only <c>keys</c>.</param>
        <summary>Sorts a pair of <see cref="T:System.Array" /> objects (one contains the keys and the other contains the corresponding items) based on the keys in the first <see cref="T:System.Array" /> using the <see cref="T:System.IComparable`1" /> generic interface implementation of each key.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 Each key in the `keys`<xref:System.Array> has a corresponding item in the `items`<xref:System.Array>. When a key is repositioned during the sorting, the corresponding item in the `items`<xref:System.Array> is similarly repositioned. Therefore, the `items`<xref:System.Array> is sorted according to the arrangement of the corresponding keys in the `keys`<xref:System.Array>.  
  
 Each key in the `keys`<xref:System.Array> must implement the <xref:System.IComparable%601> generic interface to be capable of comparisons with every other key.  
  
 You can sort if there are more items than keys, but the items that have no corresponding keys will not be sorted. You cannot sort if there are more keys than items; doing this throws an <xref:System.ArgumentException>.  
  
 If the sort is not successfully completed, the results are undefined.  
  
 This method uses the introspective sort (introsort) algorithm as follows:  
  
-   If the partition size is fewer than 16 elements, it uses an [insertion sort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort) algorithm.  
  
-   If the number of partitions exceeds 2 * Log<sup>N</sup>, where  *N* is the range of the input array, it uses a [Heapsort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort) algorithm.  
  
-   Otherwise, it uses a [Quicksort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort) algorithm.  
  
 This implementation performs an unstable sort; that is, if two elements are equal, their order might not be preserved. In contrast, a stable sort preserves the order of elements that are equal.  
  
 For arrays that are sorted by using the Heapsort and Quicksort algorithms, in the worst case, this method is an O(`n` log `n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates the <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%29>, <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29>, <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%29>, and <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> generic method overloads, for sorting pairs of arrays that represent keys and values.  
  
 The code example defines an alternative comparer for strings, named `ReverseCompare`, which implements the `IComparer<string>` (`IComparer(Of String)` in Visual Basic, `IComparer<String^>` in Visual C++) generic interface. The comparer calls the <xref:System.String.CompareTo%28System.String%29> method, reversing the order of the comparands so that the strings sort high-to-low instead of low-to-high.  
  
 The code example creates and displays an array of dinosaur names (the keys) and an array of integers representing the maximum length of each dinosaur in meters (the values). The arrays are then sorted and displayed several times:  
  
-   The <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%29> overload is used to sort both arrays in order of the dinosaur names in the first array.  
  
-   The <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> overload and an instance of `ReverseCompare` are used to reverse the sort order of the paired arrays.  
  
-   The <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%29> overload is used to sort the last three elements of both arrays.  
  
-   The <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> overload is used to sort the last three elements of both arrays in reverse order.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  The calls to the generic methods do not look any different from calls to their nongeneric counterparts, because Visual Basic, C#, and C++ infer the type of the generic type parameter from the type of the first two arguments. If you use the [Ildasm.exe (IL Disassembler)](~/docs/framework/tools/ildasm-exe-il-disassembler.md) to examine the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL), you can see that the generic methods are being called.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="keys" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="items" /> is not <see langword="null" />, and the lower bound of <paramref name="keys" /> does not match the lower bound of <paramref name="items" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="items" /> is not <see langword="null" />, and the length of <paramref name="keys" /> is greater than the length of <paramref name="items" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidOperationException">One or more elements in the <paramref name="keys" /><see cref="T:System.Array" /> do not implement the <see cref="T:System.IComparable`1" /> generic interface.</exception>
        <altmember cref="T:System.IComparable`1" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.BinarySearch" />
        <altmember cref="T:System.Collections.Generic.IDictionary`2" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
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        <typeparam name="TKey">The type of the elements of the key array.</typeparam>
        <typeparam name="TValue">The type of the elements of the items array.</typeparam>
        <param name="keys">The one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that contains the keys to sort.</param>
        <param name="items">The one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that contains the items that correspond to the keys in <c>keys</c>, or <see langword="null" /> to sort only <c>keys</c>.</param>
        <param name="comparer">The <see cref="T:System.Collections.Generic.IComparer`1" /> generic interface implementation to use when comparing elements, or <see langword="null" /> to use the <see cref="T:System.IComparable`1" /> generic interface implementation of each element.</param>
        <summary>Sorts a pair of <see cref="T:System.Array" /> objects (one contains the keys and the other contains the corresponding items) based on the keys in the first <see cref="T:System.Array" /> using the specified <see cref="T:System.Collections.Generic.IComparer`1" /> generic interface.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 Each key in the `keys`<xref:System.Array> has a corresponding item in the `items`<xref:System.Array>. When a key is repositioned during the sorting, the corresponding item in the `items`<xref:System.Array> is similarly repositioned. Therefore, the `items`<xref:System.Array> is sorted according to the arrangement of the corresponding keys in the `keys`<xref:System.Array>.  
  
 If `comparer` is `null`, each key in the `keys`<xref:System.Array> must implement the <xref:System.IComparable%601> generic interface to be capable of comparisons with every other key.  
  
 You can sort if there are more items than keys, but the items that have no corresponding keys will not be sorted. You cannot sort if there are more keys than items; doing this throws an <xref:System.ArgumentException>.  
  
 If the sort is not successfully completed, the results are undefined.  
  
 This method uses the introspective sort (introsort) algorithm as follows:  
  
-   If the partition size is fewer than 16 elements, it uses an [insertion sort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort) algorithm.  
  
-   If the number of partitions exceeds 2 * Log<sup>N</sup>, where  *N* is the range of the input array, it uses a [Heapsort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort) algorithm.  
  
-   Otherwise, it uses a [Quicksort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort) algorithm.  
  
 This implementation performs an unstable sort; that is, if two elements are equal, their order might not be preserved. In contrast, a stable sort preserves the order of elements that are equal.  
  
 For arrays that are sorted by using the Heapsort and Quicksort algorithms, in the worst case, this method is an O(`n` log `n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates the <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%29>, [\], TValue\<xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29>,<xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%29>, and <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> generic method overloads, for sorting pairs of arrays that represent keys and values.  
  
 The code example defines an alternative comparer for strings, named `ReverseCompare`, which implements the `IComparer<string>` (`IComparer(Of String)` in Visual Basic, `IComparer<String^>` in Visual C++) generic interface. The comparer calls the <xref:System.String.CompareTo%28System.String%29> method, reversing the order of the comparands so that the strings sort high-to-low instead of low-to-high.  
  
 The code example creates and displays an array of dinosaur names (the keys) and an array of integers representing the maximum length of each dinosaur in meters (the values). The arrays are then sorted and displayed several times:  
  
-   The <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%29> overload is used to sort both arrays in order of the dinosaur names in the first array.  
  
-   The [\], TValue\<xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> overload and an instance of `ReverseCompare` are used to reverse the sort order of the paired arrays.  
  
-   The <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%29> overload is used to sort the last three elements of both arrays.  
  
-   The <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> overload is used to sort the last three elements of both arrays in reverse order.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  The calls to the generic methods do not look any different from calls to their nongeneric counterparts, because Visual Basic, C#, and C++ infer the type of the generic type parameter from the type of the first two arguments. If you use the [Ildasm.exe (IL Disassembler)](~/docs/framework/tools/ildasm-exe-il-disassembler.md) to examine the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL), you can see that the generic methods are being called.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="keys" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="items" /> is not <see langword="null" />, and the lower bound of <paramref name="keys" /> does not match the lower bound of <paramref name="items" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="items" /> is not <see langword="null" />, and the length of <paramref name="keys" /> is greater than the length of <paramref name="items" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 The implementation of <paramref name="comparer" /> caused an error during the sort. For example, <paramref name="comparer" /> might not return 0 when comparing an item with itself.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidOperationException">
          <paramref name="comparer" /> is <see langword="null" />, and one or more elements in the <paramref name="keys" /><see cref="T:System.Array" /> do not implement the <see cref="T:System.IComparable`1" /> generic interface.</exception>
        <block subset="none" type="usage">
          <para>The .NET Framework 4 and earlier versions used only the Quicksort algorithm. Quicksort identifies invalid comparers in some situations in which the sorting operation throws an <see cref="T:System.IndexOutOfRangeException" /> exception, and throws an <see cref="T:System.ArgumentException" /> exception to the caller. Starting with the [!INCLUDE[net_v45](~/includes/net-v45-md.md)], it is possible that sorting operations that previously threw <see cref="T:System.ArgumentException" /> will not throw an exception, because the insertion sort and heapsort algorithms do not detect an invalid comparer. For the most part, this applies to arrays with fewer than 16 elements.</para>
        </block>
        <altmember cref="T:System.Collections.Generic.IComparer`1" />
        <altmember cref="T:System.IComparable`1" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.BinarySearch" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
      </Docs>
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        <Attribute FrameworkAlternate="netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;xamarinandroid-7.1;xamarinios-10.8;xamarinmac-3.0">
          <AttributeName>System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution.ReliabilityContract(System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution.Consistency.MayCorruptInstance, System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution.Cer.MayFail)</AttributeName>
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      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Void</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <TypeParameters>
        <TypeParameter Name="TKey" />
        <TypeParameter Name="TValue" />
      </TypeParameters>
      <Parameters>
        <Parameter Name="keys" Type="TKey[]" />
        <Parameter Name="items" Type="TValue[]" />
        <Parameter Name="index" Type="System.Int32" />
        <Parameter Name="length" Type="System.Int32" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <typeparam name="TKey">The type of the elements of the key array.</typeparam>
        <typeparam name="TValue">The type of the elements of the items array.</typeparam>
        <param name="keys">The one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that contains the keys to sort.</param>
        <param name="items">The one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that contains the items that correspond to the keys in <c>keys</c>, or <see langword="null" /> to sort only <c>keys</c>.</param>
        <param name="index">The starting index of the range to sort.</param>
        <param name="length">The number of elements in the range to sort.</param>
        <summary>Sorts a range of elements in a pair of <see cref="T:System.Array" /> objects (one contains the keys and the other contains the corresponding items) based on the keys in the first <see cref="T:System.Array" /> using the <see cref="T:System.IComparable`1" /> generic interface implementation of each key.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 Each key in the `keys`<xref:System.Array> has a corresponding item in the `items`<xref:System.Array>. When a key is repositioned during the sorting, the corresponding item in the `items`<xref:System.Array> is similarly repositioned. Therefore, the `items`<xref:System.Array> is sorted according to the arrangement of the corresponding keys in the `keys`<xref:System.Array>.  
  
 Each key within the specified range of elements in the `keys`<xref:System.Array> must implement the <xref:System.IComparable%601> generic interface to be capable of comparisons with every other key.  
  
 You can sort if there are more items than keys, but the items that have no corresponding keys will not be sorted. You cannot sort if there are more keys than items; doing this throws an <xref:System.ArgumentException>.  
  
 If the sort is not successfully completed, the results are undefined.  
  
 This method uses the introspective sort (introsort) algorithm as follows:  
  
-   If the partition size is fewer than 16 elements, it uses an [insertion sort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort) algorithm.  
  
-   If the number of partitions exceeds 2 * Log<sup>N</sup>, where  *N* is the range of the input array, it uses a [Heapsort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort) algorithm.  
  
-   Otherwise, it uses a [Quicksort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort) algorithm.  
  
 This implementation performs an unstable sort; that is, if two elements are equal, their order might not be preserved. In contrast, a stable sort preserves the order of elements that are equal.  
  
 For arrays that are sorted by using the Heapsort and Quicksort algorithms, in the worst case, this method is an O(`n` log `n`) operation, where `n` is `length`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates the <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%29>, <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29>, [\], TValue\<xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%29>, and <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> generic method overloads, for sorting pairs of arrays that represent keys and values.  
  
 The code example defines an alternative comparer for strings, named `ReverseCompare`, which implements the `IComparer<string>` (`IComparer(Of String)` in Visual Basic, `IComparer<String^>` in Visual C++) generic interface. The comparer calls the <xref:System.String.CompareTo%28System.String%29> method, reversing the order of the comparands so that the strings sort high-to-low instead of low-to-high.  
  
 The code example creates and displays an array of dinosaur names (the keys) and an array of integers representing the maximum length of each dinosaur in meters (the values). The arrays are then sorted and displayed several times:  
  
-   The <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%29> overload is used to sort both arrays in order of the dinosaur names in the first array.  
  
-   The <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> overload and an instance of `ReverseCompare` are used to reverse the sort order of the paired arrays.  
  
-   The [\], TValue\<xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%29> overload is used to sort the last three elements of both arrays.  
  
-   The <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> overload is used to sort the last three elements of both arrays in reverse order.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  The calls to the generic methods do not look any different from calls to their nongeneric counterparts, because Visual Basic, C#, and C++ infer the type of the generic type parameter from the type of the first two arguments. If you use the [Ildasm.exe (IL Disassembler)](~/docs/framework/tools/ildasm-exe-il-disassembler.md) to examine the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL), you can see that the generic methods are being called.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="keys" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="index" /> is less than the lower bound of <paramref name="keys" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="length" /> is less than zero.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="items" /> is not <see langword="null" />, and the lower bound of <paramref name="keys" /> does not match the lower bound of <paramref name="items" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="items" /> is not <see langword="null" />, and the length of <paramref name="keys" /> is greater than the length of <paramref name="items" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="index" /> and <paramref name="length" /> do not specify a valid range in the <paramref name="keys" /><see cref="T:System.Array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="items" /> is not <see langword="null" />, and <paramref name="index" /> and <paramref name="length" /> do not specify a valid range in the <paramref name="items" /><see cref="T:System.Array" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidOperationException">One or more elements in the <paramref name="keys" /><see cref="T:System.Array" /> do not implement the <see cref="T:System.IComparable`1" /> generic interface.</exception>
        <altmember cref="T:System.IComparable`1" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.BinarySearch" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="Sort&lt;TKey,TValue&gt;">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public static void Sort&lt;TKey,TValue&gt; (TKey[] keys, TValue[] items, int index, int length, System.Collections.Generic.IComparer&lt;TKey&gt; comparer);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public static hidebysig void Sort&lt;TKey, TValue&gt;(!!TKey[] keys, !!TValue[] items, int32 index, int32 length, class System.Collections.Generic.IComparer`1&lt;!!TKey&gt; comparer) cil managed" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Array.Sort``2(``0[],``1[],System.Int32,System.Int32,System.Collections.Generic.IComparer{``0})" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Shared Sub Sort(Of TKey, TValue) (keys As TKey(), items As TValue(), index As Integer, length As Integer, comparer As IComparer(Of TKey))" />
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      <MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="static member Sort : 'Key[] * 'Value[] * int * int * System.Collections.Generic.IComparer&lt;'Key&gt; -&gt; unit" Usage="System.Array.Sort (keys, items, index, length, comparer)" />
      <MemberType>Method</MemberType>
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        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
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      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
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        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
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      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Void</ReturnType>
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      <TypeParameters>
        <TypeParameter Name="TKey" />
        <TypeParameter Name="TValue" />
      </TypeParameters>
      <Parameters>
        <Parameter Name="keys" Type="TKey[]" />
        <Parameter Name="items" Type="TValue[]" />
        <Parameter Name="index" Type="System.Int32" />
        <Parameter Name="length" Type="System.Int32" />
        <Parameter Name="comparer" Type="System.Collections.Generic.IComparer&lt;TKey&gt;" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <typeparam name="TKey">The type of the elements of the key array.</typeparam>
        <typeparam name="TValue">The type of the elements of the items array.</typeparam>
        <param name="keys">The one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that contains the keys to sort.</param>
        <param name="items">The one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that contains the items that correspond to the keys in <c>keys</c>, or <see langword="null" /> to sort only <c>keys</c>.</param>
        <param name="index">The starting index of the range to sort.</param>
        <param name="length">The number of elements in the range to sort.</param>
        <param name="comparer">The <see cref="T:System.Collections.Generic.IComparer`1" /> generic interface implementation to use when comparing elements, or <see langword="null" /> to use the <see cref="T:System.IComparable`1" /> generic interface implementation of each element.</param>
        <summary>Sorts a range of elements in a pair of <see cref="T:System.Array" /> objects (one contains the keys and the other contains the corresponding items) based on the keys in the first <see cref="T:System.Array" /> using the specified <see cref="T:System.Collections.Generic.IComparer`1" /> generic interface.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 Each key in the `keys`<xref:System.Array> has a corresponding item in the `items`<xref:System.Array>. When a key is repositioned during the sorting, the corresponding item in the `items`<xref:System.Array> is similarly repositioned. Therefore, the `items`<xref:System.Array> is sorted according to the arrangement of the corresponding keys in the `keys`<xref:System.Array>.  
  
 If `comparer` is `null`, each key within the specified range of elements in the `keys`<xref:System.Array> must implement the <xref:System.IComparable%601> generic interface to be capable of comparisons with every other key.  
  
 You can sort if there are more items than keys, but the items that have no corresponding keys will not be sorted. You cannot sort if there are more keys than items; doing this throws an <xref:System.ArgumentException>.  
  
 If the sort is not successfully completed, the results are undefined.  
  
 This method uses the introspective sort (introsort) algorithm as follows:  
  
-   If the partition size is fewer than 16 elements, it uses an [insertion sort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort) algorithm.  
  
-   If the number of partitions exceeds 2 * Log<sup>N</sup>, where  *N* is the range of the input array, it uses a [Heapsort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort) algorithm.  
  
-   Otherwise, it uses a [Quicksort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort) algorithm.  
  
 This implementation performs an unstable sort; that is, if two elements are equal, their order might not be preserved. In contrast, a stable sort preserves the order of elements that are equal.  
  
 For arrays that are sorted by using the Heapsort and Quicksort algorithms, in the worst case, this method is an O(`n` log `n`) operation, where `n` is `length`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example demonstrates the <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%29>, <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29>, <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%29>, and [\], TValue\<xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> generic method overloads, for sorting pairs of arrays that represent keys and values.  
  
 The code example defines an alternative comparer for strings, named `ReverseCompare`, which implements the `IComparer<string>`(`IComparer(Of String)` in Visual Basic, `IComparer<String^>` in Visual C++) generic interface. The comparer calls the <xref:System.String.CompareTo%28System.String%29> method, reversing the order of the comparands so that the strings sort high-to-low instead of low-to-high.  
  
 The code example creates and displays an array of dinosaur names (the keys) and an array of integers representing the maximum length of each dinosaur in meters (the values). The arrays are then sorted and displayed several times:  
  
-   The <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%29> overload is used to sort both arrays in order of the dinosaur names in the first array.  
  
-   The <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> overload and an instance of `ReverseCompare` are used to reverse the sort order of the paired arrays.  
  
-   The <xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%29> overload is used to sort the last three elements of both arrays.  
  
-   The [\], TValue\<xref:System.Array.Sort%60%602%28%60%600%5B%5D%2C%60%601%5B%5D%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Int32%2CSystem.Collections.Generic.IComparer%7B%60%600%7D%29> overload is used to sort the last three elements of both arrays in reverse order.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  The calls to the generic methods do not look any different from calls to their nongeneric counterparts, because Visual Basic, C#, and C++ infer the type of the generic type parameter from the type of the first two arguments. If you use the [Ildasm.exe (IL Disassembler)](~/docs/framework/tools/ildasm-exe-il-disassembler.md) to examine the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL), you can see that the generic methods are being called.  
  
 [!code-cpp[Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/Array_Sort2IntIntIComparer/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="keys" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="index" /> is less than the lower bound of <paramref name="keys" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="length" /> is less than zero.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
          <paramref name="items" /> is not <see langword="null" />, and the lower bound of <paramref name="keys" /> does not match the lower bound of <paramref name="items" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="items" /> is not <see langword="null" />, and the length of <paramref name="keys" /> is greater than the length of <paramref name="items" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="index" /> and <paramref name="length" /> do not specify a valid range in the <paramref name="keys" /><see cref="T:System.Array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="items" /> is not <see langword="null" />, and <paramref name="index" /> and <paramref name="length" /> do not specify a valid range in the <paramref name="items" /><see cref="T:System.Array" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 The implementation of <paramref name="comparer" /> caused an error during the sort. For example, <paramref name="comparer" /> might not return 0 when comparing an item with itself.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.InvalidOperationException">
          <paramref name="comparer" /> is <see langword="null" />, and one or more elements in the <paramref name="keys" /><see cref="T:System.Array" /> do not implement the <see cref="T:System.IComparable`1" /> generic interface.</exception>
        <block subset="none" type="usage">
          <para>The .NET Framework 4 and earlier versions used only the Quicksort algorithm. Quicksort identifies invalid comparers in some situations in which the sorting operation throws an <see cref="T:System.IndexOutOfRangeException" /> exception, and throws an <see cref="T:System.ArgumentException" /> exception to the caller. Starting with the [!INCLUDE[net_v45](~/includes/net-v45-md.md)], it is possible that sorting operations that previously threw <see cref="T:System.ArgumentException" /> will not throw an exception, because the insertion sort and heapsort algorithms do not detect an invalid comparer. For the most part, this applies to arrays with fewer than 16 elements.</para>
        </block>
        <altmember cref="T:System.Collections.Generic.IComparer`1" />
        <altmember cref="T:System.IComparable`1" />
        <altmember cref="Overload:System.Array.BinarySearch" />
        <related type="Article" href="~/docs/standard/globalization-localization/performing-culture-insensitive-string-operations-in-arrays.md">Performing Culture-Insensitive String Operations in Arrays</related>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="SyncRoot">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public object SyncRoot { get; }" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property instance object SyncRoot" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="P:System.Array.SyncRoot" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public ReadOnly Property SyncRoot As Object" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:&#xA; property System::Object ^ SyncRoot { System::Object ^ get(); };" />
      <MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="member this.SyncRoot : obj" Usage="System.Array.SyncRoot" />
      <MemberType>Property</MemberType>
      <Implements>
        <InterfaceMember>P:System.Collections.ICollection.SyncRoot</InterfaceMember>
      </Implements>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
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      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
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      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Object</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Docs>
        <summary>Gets an object that can be used to synchronize access to the <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</summary>
        <value>An object that can be used to synchronize access to the <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</value>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This property implements the <xref:System.Collections.ICollection?displayProperty=nameWithType> interface.  
  
 .NET Framework classes based on <xref:System.Array> provide their own synchronized version of the collection using the <xref:System.Array.SyncRoot%2A> property.  
  
 Classes that use arrays can also implement their own synchronization using the <xref:System.Array.SyncRoot%2A> property. The synchronizing code must perform operations on the `SyncRoot` of the collection, not directly on the collection. This ensures proper operation of collections that are derived from other objects. Specifically, it maintains proper synchronization with other threads that might be simultaneously modifying the collection. Note that some implementations of <xref:System.Array.SyncRoot%2A> might return the <xref:System.Array> itself.  
  
 Enumerating through a collection is intrinsically not a thread safe procedure. Even when a collection is synchronized, other threads can still modify the collection, which causes the enumerator to throw an exception. To guarantee thread safety during enumeration, you can either lock the collection during the entire enumeration or catch the exceptions resulting from changes made by other threads.  
  
 Retrieving the value of this property is an O(1) operation.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following code example shows how to lock an array during the entire enumeration by using the <xref:System.Array.SyncRoot%2A> property.  
  
 [!code-cpp[System.Array.SyncRoot#1](~/samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.SyncRoot/cpp/source.cpp#1)]
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.SyncRoot#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.SyncRoot/cs/source.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.SyncRoot#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Array.SyncRoot/vb/source.vb#1)]  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <altmember cref="P:System.Array.IsSynchronized" />
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="System.Collections.ICollection.Count">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="int System.Collections.ICollection.Count { get; }" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property instance int32 System.Collections.ICollection.Count" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="P:System.Array.System#Collections#ICollection#Count" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value=" ReadOnly Property Count As Integer Implements ICollection.Count" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="property int System::Collections::ICollection::Count { int get(); };" />
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      <MemberType>Property</MemberType>
      <Implements>
        <InterfaceMember>P:System.Collections.ICollection.Count</InterfaceMember>
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      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
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        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Int32</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Docs>
        <summary>Gets the number of elements contained in the <see cref="T:System.Array" />.</summary>
        <value>The number of elements contained in the collection.</value>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This member is an explicit interface member implementation. It can be used only when the <xref:System.Array> instance is cast to an <xref:System.Collections.ICollection> interface.  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="System.Collections.ICollection.IsSynchronized">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="bool System.Collections.ICollection.IsSynchronized { get; }" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property instance bool System.Collections.ICollection.IsSynchronized" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="P:System.Array.System#Collections#ICollection#IsSynchronized" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value=" ReadOnly Property IsSynchronized As Boolean Implements ICollection.IsSynchronized" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="property bool System::Collections::ICollection::IsSynchronized { bool get(); };" />
      <MemberSignature Language="F#" Usage="System.Collections.ICollection.IsSynchronized" />
      <MemberType>Property</MemberType>
      <Implements>
        <InterfaceMember>P:System.Collections.ICollection.IsSynchronized</InterfaceMember>
      </Implements>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Boolean</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Docs>
        <summary>To be added.</summary>
        <value>To be added.</value>
        <remarks>To be added.</remarks>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="System.Collections.ICollection.SyncRoot">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="object System.Collections.ICollection.SyncRoot { get; }" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property instance object System.Collections.ICollection.SyncRoot" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="P:System.Array.System#Collections#ICollection#SyncRoot" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value=" ReadOnly Property SyncRoot As Object Implements ICollection.SyncRoot" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="property System::Object ^ System::Collections::ICollection::SyncRoot { System::Object ^ get(); };" />
      <MemberSignature Language="F#" Usage="System.Collections.ICollection.SyncRoot" />
      <MemberType>Property</MemberType>
      <Implements>
        <InterfaceMember>P:System.Collections.ICollection.SyncRoot</InterfaceMember>
      </Implements>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Object</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Docs>
        <summary>To be added.</summary>
        <value>To be added.</value>
        <remarks>To be added.</remarks>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="System.Collections.IList.Add">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="int IList.Add (object value);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method hidebysig newslot virtual instance int32 System.Collections.IList.Add(object value) cil managed" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Array.System#Collections#IList#Add(System.Object)" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Function Add (value As Object) As Integer Implements IList.Add" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value=" virtual int System.Collections.IList.Add(System::Object ^ value) = System::Collections::IList::Add;" />
      <MemberType>Method</MemberType>
      <Implements>
        <InterfaceMember>M:System.Collections.IList.Add(System.Object)</InterfaceMember>
      </Implements>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Int32</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Parameters>
        <Parameter Name="value" Type="System.Object" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <param name="value">The object to be added to the <see cref="T:System.Collections.IList" />.</param>
        <summary>Calling this method always throws a <see cref="T:System.NotSupportedException" /> exception.</summary>
        <returns>Adding a value to an array is not supported. No value is returned.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 Ordinarily, an <xref:System.Collections.IList.Add%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType> implementation adds a member to a collection. However, because arrays have a fixed size (the <xref:System.Array.IsFixedSize%2A> property always returns `true`), this method always throws a <xref:System.NotSupportedException> exception.  
  
 This member is an explicit interface member implementation. It can be used only when the <xref:System.Array> instance is cast to an <xref:System.Collections.IList> interface.  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.NotSupportedException">The <see cref="T:System.Collections.IList" /> has a fixed size.</exception>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="System.Collections.IList.Clear">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="void IList.Clear ();" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method hidebysig newslot virtual instance void System.Collections.IList.Clear() cil managed" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Array.System#Collections#IList#Clear" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Sub Clear () Implements IList.Clear" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value=" virtual void System.Collections.IList.Clear() = System::Collections::IList::Clear;" />
      <MemberType>Method</MemberType>
      <Implements>
        <InterfaceMember>M:System.Collections.IList.Clear</InterfaceMember>
      </Implements>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Void</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Parameters />
      <Docs>
        <summary>Removes all items from the <see cref="T:System.Collections.IList" />.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This member is an explicit interface member implementation. It can be used only when the <xref:System.Array> instance is cast to an <xref:System.Collections.IList> interface.  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.NotSupportedException">The <see cref="T:System.Collections.IList" /> is read-only.</exception>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="System.Collections.IList.Contains">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="bool IList.Contains (object value);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method hidebysig newslot virtual instance bool System.Collections.IList.Contains(object value) cil managed" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Array.System#Collections#IList#Contains(System.Object)" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Function Contains (value As Object) As Boolean Implements IList.Contains" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value=" virtual bool System.Collections.IList.Contains(System::Object ^ value) = System::Collections::IList::Contains;" />
      <MemberType>Method</MemberType>
      <Implements>
        <InterfaceMember>M:System.Collections.IList.Contains(System.Object)</InterfaceMember>
      </Implements>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Boolean</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Parameters>
        <Parameter Name="value" Type="System.Object" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <param name="value">The object to locate in the current list. The element to locate can be <see langword="null" /> for reference types.</param>
        <summary>Determines whether an element is in the <see cref="T:System.Collections.IList" />.</summary>
        <returns>
          <see langword="true" /> if <paramref name="value" /> is found in the <see cref="T:System.Collections.IList" />; otherwise, <see langword="false" />.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This member is an explicit interface member implementation. It can be used only when the <xref:System.Array> instance is cast to an <xref:System.Collections.IList> interface.  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="System.Collections.IList.IndexOf">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="int IList.IndexOf (object value);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method hidebysig newslot virtual instance int32 System.Collections.IList.IndexOf(object value) cil managed" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Array.System#Collections#IList#IndexOf(System.Object)" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Function IndexOf (value As Object) As Integer Implements IList.IndexOf" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value=" virtual int System.Collections.IList.IndexOf(System::Object ^ value) = System::Collections::IList::IndexOf;" />
      <MemberType>Method</MemberType>
      <Implements>
        <InterfaceMember>M:System.Collections.IList.IndexOf(System.Object)</InterfaceMember>
      </Implements>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <Attributes>
        <Attribute FrameworkAlternate="xamarinandroid-7.1;xamarinios-10.8;xamarinmac-3.0">
          <AttributeName>System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution.ReliabilityContract(System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution.Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution.Cer.MayFail)</AttributeName>
        </Attribute>
      </Attributes>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Int32</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Parameters>
        <Parameter Name="value" Type="System.Object" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <param name="value">The object to locate in the current list.</param>
        <summary>Determines the index of a specific item in the <see cref="T:System.Collections.IList" />.</summary>
        <returns>The index of value if found in the list; otherwise, -1.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This member is an explicit interface member implementation. It can be used only when the <xref:System.Array> instance is cast to an <xref:System.Collections.IList> interface.  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="System.Collections.IList.Insert">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="void IList.Insert (int index, object value);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method hidebysig newslot virtual instance void System.Collections.IList.Insert(int32 index, object value) cil managed" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Array.System#Collections#IList#Insert(System.Int32,System.Object)" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Sub Insert (index As Integer, value As Object) Implements IList.Insert" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value=" virtual void System.Collections.IList.Insert(int index, System::Object ^ value) = System::Collections::IList::Insert;" />
      <MemberType>Method</MemberType>
      <Implements>
        <InterfaceMember>M:System.Collections.IList.Insert(System.Int32,System.Object)</InterfaceMember>
      </Implements>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Void</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Parameters>
        <Parameter Name="index" Type="System.Int32" />
        <Parameter Name="value" Type="System.Object" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <param name="index">The index at which <c>value</c> should be inserted.</param>
        <param name="value">The object to insert.</param>
        <summary>Inserts an item to the <see cref="T:System.Collections.IList" /> at the specified index.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This member is an explicit interface member implementation. It can be used only when the <xref:System.Array> instance is cast to an <xref:System.Collections.IList> interface.  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="index" /> is not a valid index in the <see cref="T:System.Collections.IList" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.NotSupportedException">The <see cref="T:System.Collections.IList" /> is read-only.  
  
 -or-  
  
 The <see cref="T:System.Collections.IList" /> has a fixed size.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.NullReferenceException">
          <paramref name="value" /> is null reference in the <see cref="T:System.Collections.IList" />.</exception>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="System.Collections.IList.IsFixedSize">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="bool System.Collections.IList.IsFixedSize { get; }" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property instance bool System.Collections.IList.IsFixedSize" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="P:System.Array.System#Collections#IList#IsFixedSize" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value=" ReadOnly Property IsFixedSize As Boolean Implements IList.IsFixedSize" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="property bool System::Collections::IList::IsFixedSize { bool get(); };" />
      <MemberSignature Language="F#" Usage="System.Collections.IList.IsFixedSize" />
      <MemberType>Property</MemberType>
      <Implements>
        <InterfaceMember>P:System.Collections.IList.IsFixedSize</InterfaceMember>
      </Implements>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Boolean</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Docs>
        <summary>To be added.</summary>
        <value>To be added.</value>
        <remarks>To be added.</remarks>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="System.Collections.IList.IsReadOnly">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="bool System.Collections.IList.IsReadOnly { get; }" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property instance bool System.Collections.IList.IsReadOnly" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="P:System.Array.System#Collections#IList#IsReadOnly" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value=" ReadOnly Property IsReadOnly As Boolean Implements IList.IsReadOnly" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="property bool System::Collections::IList::IsReadOnly { bool get(); };" />
      <MemberSignature Language="F#" Usage="System.Collections.IList.IsReadOnly" />
      <MemberType>Property</MemberType>
      <Implements>
        <InterfaceMember>P:System.Collections.IList.IsReadOnly</InterfaceMember>
      </Implements>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Boolean</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Docs>
        <summary>To be added.</summary>
        <value>To be added.</value>
        <remarks>To be added.</remarks>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="System.Collections.IList.Item">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="object System.Collections.IList.Item[int index] { get; set; }" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property instance object System.Collections.IList.Item(int32)" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="P:System.Array.System#Collections#IList#Item(System.Int32)" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value=" Property Item(index As Integer) As Object Implements IList.Item" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="property System::Object ^ System::Collections::IList::Item[int] { System::Object ^ get(int index); void set(int index, System::Object ^ value); };" />
      <MemberSignature Language="F#" Usage="System.Collections.IList.Item" />
      <MemberType>Property</MemberType>
      <Implements>
        <InterfaceMember>P:System.Collections.IList.Item(System.Int32)</InterfaceMember>
      </Implements>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Object</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Parameters>
        <Parameter Name="index" Type="System.Int32" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <param name="index">The index of the element to get or set.</param>
        <summary>Gets or sets the element at the specified index.</summary>
        <value>The element at the specified index.</value>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This member is an explicit interface member implementation. It can be used only when the <xref:System.Array> instance is cast to an <xref:System.Collections.IList> interface.  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
          <paramref name="index" /> is less than zero.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="index" /> is equal to or greater than <see cref="P:System.Collections.ICollection.Count" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">The current <see cref="T:System.Array" /> does not have exactly one dimension.</exception>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="System.Collections.IList.Remove">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="void IList.Remove (object value);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method hidebysig newslot virtual instance void System.Collections.IList.Remove(object value) cil managed" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Array.System#Collections#IList#Remove(System.Object)" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Sub Remove (value As Object) Implements IList.Remove" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value=" virtual void System.Collections.IList.Remove(System::Object ^ value) = System::Collections::IList::Remove;" />
      <MemberType>Method</MemberType>
      <Implements>
        <InterfaceMember>M:System.Collections.IList.Remove(System.Object)</InterfaceMember>
      </Implements>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Void</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Parameters>
        <Parameter Name="value" Type="System.Object" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <param name="value">The object to remove from the <see cref="T:System.Collections.IList" />.</param>
        <summary>Removes the first occurrence of a specific object from the <see cref="T:System.Collections.IList" />.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This member is an explicit interface member implementation. It can be used only when the <xref:System.Array> instance is cast to an <xref:System.Collections.IList> interface.  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.NotSupportedException">The <see cref="T:System.Collections.IList" /> is read-only.  
  
 -or-  
  
 The <see cref="T:System.Collections.IList" /> has a fixed size.</exception>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="System.Collections.IList.RemoveAt">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="void IList.RemoveAt (int index);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method hidebysig newslot virtual instance void System.Collections.IList.RemoveAt(int32 index) cil managed" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Array.System#Collections#IList#RemoveAt(System.Int32)" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Sub RemoveAt (index As Integer) Implements IList.RemoveAt" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value=" virtual void System.Collections.IList.RemoveAt(int index) = System::Collections::IList::RemoveAt;" />
      <MemberType>Method</MemberType>
      <Implements>
        <InterfaceMember>M:System.Collections.IList.RemoveAt(System.Int32)</InterfaceMember>
      </Implements>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Void</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Parameters>
        <Parameter Name="index" Type="System.Int32" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <param name="index">The index of the element to remove.</param>
        <summary>Removes the <see cref="T:System.Collections.IList" /> item at the specified index.</summary>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This member is an explicit interface member implementation. It can be used only when the <xref:System.Array> instance is cast to an <xref:System.Collections.IList> interface.  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">index is not a valid index in the <see cref="T:System.Collections.IList" />.</exception>
        <exception cref="T:System.NotSupportedException">The <see cref="T:System.Collections.IList" /> is read-only.  
  
 -or-  
  
 The <see cref="T:System.Collections.IList" /> has a fixed size.</exception>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="System.Collections.IStructuralComparable.CompareTo">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="int IStructuralComparable.CompareTo (object other, System.Collections.IComparer comparer);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method hidebysig newslot virtual instance int32 System.Collections.IStructuralComparable.CompareTo(object other, class System.Collections.IComparer comparer) cil managed" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Array.System#Collections#IStructuralComparable#CompareTo(System.Object,System.Collections.IComparer)" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Function CompareTo (other As Object, comparer As IComparer) As Integer Implements IStructuralComparable.CompareTo" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value=" virtual int System.Collections.IStructuralComparable.CompareTo(System::Object ^ other, System::Collections::IComparer ^ comparer) = System::Collections::IStructuralComparable::CompareTo;" />
      <MemberType>Method</MemberType>
      <Implements>
        <InterfaceMember>M:System.Collections.IStructuralComparable.CompareTo(System.Object,System.Collections.IComparer)</InterfaceMember>
      </Implements>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Int32</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Parameters>
        <Parameter Name="other" Type="System.Object" />
        <Parameter Name="comparer" Type="System.Collections.IComparer" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <param name="other">The object to compare with the current instance.</param>
        <param name="comparer">An object that compares the current object and <c>other</c>.</param>
        <summary>Determines whether the current collection object precedes, occurs in the same position as, or follows another object in the sort order.</summary>
        <returns>An integer that indicates the relationship of the current collection object to other, as shown in the following table.  
  
 <list type="table"><listheader><term> Return value  
  
 </term><description> Description  
  
 </description></listheader><item><term> -1  
  
 </term><description> The current instance precedes <paramref name="other" />.  
  
 </description></item><item><term> 0  
  
 </term><description> The current instance and <paramref name="other" /> are equal.  
  
 </description></item><item><term> 1  
  
 </term><description> The current instance follows <paramref name="other" />.  
  
 </description></item></list></returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This member is an explicit interface member implementation. It can be used only when the <xref:System.Array> instance is cast to an <xref:System.Collections.IStructuralComparable> interface.  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="System.Collections.IStructuralEquatable.Equals">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="bool IStructuralEquatable.Equals (object other, System.Collections.IEqualityComparer comparer);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method hidebysig newslot virtual instance bool System.Collections.IStructuralEquatable.Equals(object other, class System.Collections.IEqualityComparer comparer) cil managed" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Array.System#Collections#IStructuralEquatable#Equals(System.Object,System.Collections.IEqualityComparer)" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Function Equals (other As Object, comparer As IEqualityComparer) As Boolean Implements IStructuralEquatable.Equals" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value=" virtual bool System.Collections.IStructuralEquatable.Equals(System::Object ^ other, System::Collections::IEqualityComparer ^ comparer) = System::Collections::IStructuralEquatable::Equals;" />
      <MemberType>Method</MemberType>
      <Implements>
        <InterfaceMember>M:System.Collections.IStructuralEquatable.Equals(System.Object,System.Collections.IEqualityComparer)</InterfaceMember>
      </Implements>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Boolean</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Parameters>
        <Parameter Name="other" Type="System.Object" />
        <Parameter Name="comparer" Type="System.Collections.IEqualityComparer" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <param name="other">The object to compare with the current instance.</param>
        <param name="comparer">An object that determines whether the current instance and <c>other</c> are equal.</param>
        <summary>Determines whether an object is equal to the current instance.</summary>
        <returns>
          <see langword="true" /> if the two objects are equal; otherwise, <see langword="false" />.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This member is an explicit interface member implementation. It can be used only when the <xref:System.Array> instance is cast to an <xref:System.Collections.IStructuralEquatable> interface.  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="System.Collections.IStructuralEquatable.GetHashCode">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="int IStructuralEquatable.GetHashCode (System.Collections.IEqualityComparer comparer);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method hidebysig newslot virtual instance int32 System.Collections.IStructuralEquatable.GetHashCode(class System.Collections.IEqualityComparer comparer) cil managed" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Array.System#Collections#IStructuralEquatable#GetHashCode(System.Collections.IEqualityComparer)" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Function GetHashCode (comparer As IEqualityComparer) As Integer Implements IStructuralEquatable.GetHashCode" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value=" virtual int System.Collections.IStructuralEquatable.GetHashCode(System::Collections::IEqualityComparer ^ comparer) = System::Collections::IStructuralEquatable::GetHashCode;" />
      <MemberType>Method</MemberType>
      <Implements>
        <InterfaceMember>M:System.Collections.IStructuralEquatable.GetHashCode(System.Collections.IEqualityComparer)</InterfaceMember>
      </Implements>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Int32</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Parameters>
        <Parameter Name="comparer" Type="System.Collections.IEqualityComparer" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <param name="comparer">An object that computes the hash code of the current object.</param>
        <summary>Returns a hash code for the current instance.</summary>
        <returns>The hash code for the current instance.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 This member is an explicit interface member implementation. It can be used only when the <xref:System.Array> instance is cast to an <xref:System.Collections.IStructuralEquatable> interface.  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="TrueForAll&lt;T&gt;">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public static bool TrueForAll&lt;T&gt; (T[] array, Predicate&lt;T&gt; match);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public static hidebysig bool TrueForAll&lt;T&gt;(!!T[] array, class System.Predicate`1&lt;!!T&gt; match) cil managed" />
      <MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Array.TrueForAll``1(``0[],System.Predicate{``0})" />
      <MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Shared Function TrueForAll(Of T) (array As T(), match As Predicate(Of T)) As Boolean" />
      <MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:&#xA;generic &lt;typename T&gt;&#xA; static bool TrueForAll(cli::array &lt;T&gt; ^ array, Predicate&lt;T&gt; ^ match);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="static member TrueForAll : 'T[] * Predicate&lt;'T&gt; -&gt; bool" Usage="System.Array.TrueForAll (array, match)" />
      <MemberType>Method</MemberType>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Boolean</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <TypeParameters>
        <TypeParameter Name="T" />
      </TypeParameters>
      <Parameters>
        <Parameter Name="array" Type="T[]" />
        <Parameter Name="match" Type="System.Predicate&lt;T&gt;" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements of the array.</typeparam>
        <param name="array">The one-dimensional, zero-based <see cref="T:System.Array" /> to check against the conditions.</param>
        <param name="match">The predicate that defines the conditions to check against the elements.</param>
        <summary>Determines whether every element in the array matches the conditions defined by the specified predicate.</summary>
        <returns>
          <see langword="true" /> if every element in <paramref name="array" /> matches the conditions defined by the specified predicate; otherwise, <see langword="false" />. If there are no elements in the array, the return value is <see langword="true" />.</returns>
        <remarks>
          <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[  
  
## Remarks  
 The <xref:System.Predicate%601> is a delegate to a method that returns`true` if the object passed to it matches the conditions defined in the delegate.  The elements of `array` are individually passed to the <xref:System.Predicate%601>, and processing is stopped when the delegate returns `false` for any element.  
  
 This method is an O(`n`) operation, where `n` is the <xref:System.Array.Length%2A> of `array`.  
  
   
  
## Examples  
 The following example determines whether the last character of each element in a string array is a number. It creates two string arrays. The first arrayincludes both strings that end with alphabetic characters and strings that end with numeric characters.The second array consists only of strings that end with numeric characters. The example also defines an `EndWithANumber` method whose signature matches the <xref:System.Predicate%601> delegate. The example passes each array to the <xref:System.Array.TrueForAll%2A> method along with a delegate that represents the `EndsWithANumber` method.  
  
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.TrueForAll#2](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.trueforall/cs/trueforall2.cs#2)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.TrueForAll#2](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.trueforall/vb/trueforall2.vb#2)]  
  
 The following example is similar to the first, except that it passes the string array to the <xref:System.Array.TrueForAll%2A> method along with  a lambda expression that determines whether a particular array element ends with the string representation of a number.  
  
 [!code-csharp[System.Array.TrueForAll#1](~/samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.trueforall/cs/trueforall1.cs#1)]
 [!code-vb[System.Array.TrueForAll#1](~/samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.array.trueforall/vb/trueforall1.vb#1)]  
  
 In both cases, the <xref:System.Array.TrueForAll%2A> method returns `false` as soon as it encounters the first array element that does not end in a number. Otherwise, it returns `true` after iterating all the elements in the array.  
  
> [!NOTE]
>  As both examples show, in C# and Visual Basic, it is not necessary to create the `Predicate<string>` delegate (`Predicate(Of String)` in Visual Basic) explicitly. These languages infer the correct delegate from context and create it automatically.  
  
 ]]></format>
        </remarks>
        <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
          <paramref name="array" /> is <see langword="null" />.  
  
 -or-  
  
 <paramref name="match" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        <altmember cref="M:System.Array.Exists``1(``0[],System.Predicate{``0})" />
        <altmember cref="T:System.Predicate`1" />
      </Docs>
    </Member>
  </Members>
</Type>