SqlServerEndToEndTest.cs

// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.

using System.ComponentModel;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

// ReSharper disable StringStartsWithIsCultureSpecific
// ReSharper disable VirtualMemberCallInConstructor
// ReSharper disable ClassNeverInstantiated.Local
// ReSharper disable UnusedAutoPropertyAccessor.Local
// ReSharper disable InconsistentNaming
namespace Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

public class SqlServerEndToEndTest : IClassFixture<SqlServerFixture>
{
    private const string DatabaseName = "SqlServerEndToEndTest";

    protected SqlServerFixture Fixture { get; }

    public SqlServerEndToEndTest(SqlServerFixture fixture)
    {
        Fixture = fixture;
        Fixture.TestSqlLoggerFactory.Clear();
    }

    [ConditionalFact]
    public void Can_use_decimal_and_byte_as_identity_columns()
    {
        using var testDatabase = SqlServerTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);
        var nownNum1 = new NownNum { Id = 77.0m, TheWalrus = "Crying" };
        var nownNum2 = new NownNum { Id = 78.0m, TheWalrus = "Walrus" };

        var numNum1 = new NumNum { TheWalrus = "I" };
        var numNum2 = new NumNum { TheWalrus = "Am" };

        var anNum1 = new AnNum { TheWalrus = "Goo goo" };
        var anNum2 = new AnNum { TheWalrus = "g'joob" };

        var adNum1 = new AdNum { TheWalrus = "Eggman" };
        var adNum2 = new AdNum { TheWalrus = "Eggmen" };

        var byteNownNum1 = new ByteNownNum { Id = 77, Lucy = "Tangerine" };
        var byteNownNum2 = new ByteNownNum { Id = 78, Lucy = "Trees" };

        var byteNum1 = new ByteNum { Lucy = "Marmalade" };
        var byteNum2 = new ByteNum { Lucy = "Skies" };

        var byteAnNum1 = new ByteAnNum { Lucy = "Cellophane" };
        var byteAnNum2 = new ByteAnNum { Lucy = "Flowers" };

        var byteAdNum1 = new ByteAdNum { Lucy = "Kaleidoscope" };
        var byteAdNum2 = new ByteAdNum { Lucy = "Eyes" };

        decimal[] preSaveValues;
        byte[] preSaveByteValues;

        var options = Fixture.CreateOptions(testDatabase);
        using (var context = new NumNumContext(options))
        {
            context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

            context.AddRange(
                nownNum1, nownNum2, numNum1, numNum2, adNum1, adNum2, anNum1, anNum2,
                byteNownNum1, byteNownNum2, byteNum1, byteNum2, byteAdNum1, byteAdNum2, byteAnNum1, byteAnNum2);

            preSaveValues = [numNum1.Id, numNum2.Id, adNum1.Id, adNum2.Id, anNum1.Id, anNum2.Id];

            preSaveByteValues = [byteNum1.Id, byteNum2.Id, byteAdNum1.Id, byteAdNum2.Id, byteAnNum1.Id, byteAnNum2.Id];

            context.SaveChanges();
        }

        using (var context = new NumNumContext(options))
        {
            Assert.Equal(nownNum1.Id, context.NownNums.Single(e => e.TheWalrus == "Crying").Id);
            Assert.Equal(nownNum2.Id, context.NownNums.Single(e => e.TheWalrus == "Walrus").Id);
            Assert.Equal(77.0m, nownNum1.Id);
            Assert.Equal(78.0m, nownNum2.Id);

            Assert.Equal(numNum1.Id, context.NumNums.Single(e => e.TheWalrus == "I").Id);
            Assert.Equal(numNum2.Id, context.NumNums.Single(e => e.TheWalrus == "Am").Id);
            Assert.NotEqual(numNum1.Id, preSaveValues[0]);
            Assert.NotEqual(numNum2.Id, preSaveValues[1]);

            Assert.Equal(anNum1.Id, context.AnNums.Single(e => e.TheWalrus == "Goo goo").Id);
            Assert.Equal(anNum2.Id, context.AnNums.Single(e => e.TheWalrus == "g'joob").Id);
            Assert.NotEqual(adNum1.Id, preSaveValues[2]);
            Assert.NotEqual(adNum2.Id, preSaveValues[3]);

            Assert.Equal(adNum1.Id, context.AdNums.Single(e => e.TheWalrus == "Eggman").Id);
            Assert.Equal(adNum2.Id, context.AdNums.Single(e => e.TheWalrus == "Eggmen").Id);
            Assert.NotEqual(anNum1.Id, preSaveValues[4]);
            Assert.NotEqual(anNum2.Id, preSaveValues[5]);

            Assert.Equal(byteNownNum1.Id, context.ByteNownNums.Single(e => e.Lucy == "Tangerine").Id);
            Assert.Equal(byteNownNum2.Id, context.ByteNownNums.Single(e => e.Lucy == "Trees").Id);
            Assert.Equal(77, byteNownNum1.Id);
            Assert.Equal(78, byteNownNum2.Id);

            Assert.Equal(byteNum1.Id, context.ByteNums.Single(e => e.Lucy == "Marmalade").Id);
            Assert.Equal(byteNum2.Id, context.ByteNums.Single(e => e.Lucy == "Skies").Id);
            Assert.NotEqual(byteNum1.Id, preSaveByteValues[0]);
            Assert.NotEqual(byteNum2.Id, preSaveByteValues[1]);

            Assert.Equal(byteAnNum1.Id, context.ByteAnNums.Single(e => e.Lucy == "Cellophane").Id);
            Assert.Equal(byteAnNum2.Id, context.ByteAnNums.Single(e => e.Lucy == "Flowers").Id);
            Assert.NotEqual(byteAdNum1.Id, preSaveByteValues[2]);
            Assert.NotEqual(byteAdNum2.Id, preSaveByteValues[3]);

            Assert.Equal(byteAdNum1.Id, context.ByteAdNums.Single(e => e.Lucy == "Kaleidoscope").Id);
            Assert.Equal(byteAdNum2.Id, context.ByteAdNums.Single(e => e.Lucy == "Eyes").Id);
            Assert.NotEqual(byteAnNum1.Id, preSaveByteValues[4]);
            Assert.NotEqual(byteAnNum2.Id, preSaveByteValues[5]);
        }
    }

    private class NumNumContext(DbContextOptions options) : DbContext(options)
    {
        public DbSet<NownNum> NownNums { get; set; }
        public DbSet<NumNum> NumNums { get; set; }
        public DbSet<AnNum> AnNums { get; set; }
        public DbSet<AdNum> AdNums { get; set; }

        public DbSet<ByteNownNum> ByteNownNums { get; set; }
        public DbSet<ByteNum> ByteNums { get; set; }
        public DbSet<ByteAnNum> ByteAnNums { get; set; }
        public DbSet<ByteAdNum> ByteAdNums { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder
                .Entity<NumNum>()
                .Property(e => e.Id)
                .HasColumnType("numeric(18, 0)")
                .UseIdentityColumn();

            modelBuilder
                .Entity<AdNum>()
                .Property(e => e.Id)
                .HasColumnType("decimal(10, 0)")
                .ValueGeneratedOnAdd();

            modelBuilder
                .Entity<ByteNum>()
                .Property(e => e.Id)
                .UseIdentityColumn();

            modelBuilder
                .Entity<ByteAdNum>()
                .Property(e => e.Id)
                .ValueGeneratedOnAdd();

            modelBuilder
                .Entity<NownNum>()
                .Property(e => e.Id)
                .HasColumnType("numeric(18, 0)");
        }
    }

    private class NownNum
    {
        public decimal Id { get; set; }
        public string TheWalrus { get; set; }
    }

    private class NumNum
    {
        public decimal Id { get; set; }
        public string TheWalrus { get; set; }
    }

    private class AnNum
    {
        [Column(TypeName = "decimal(18, 0)")]
        [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)]
        public decimal Id { get; set; }

        public string TheWalrus { get; set; }
    }

    private class AdNum
    {
        public decimal Id { get; set; }
        public string TheWalrus { get; set; }
    }

    private class ByteNownNum
    {
        public byte Id { get; set; }
        public string Lucy { get; set; }
    }

    private class ByteNum
    {
        public byte Id { get; set; }
        public string Lucy { get; set; }
    }

    private class ByteAnNum
    {
        [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)]
        public byte Id { get; set; }

        public string Lucy { get; set; }
    }

    private class ByteAdNum
    {
        public byte Id { get; set; }
        public string Lucy { get; set; }
    }

    [ConditionalFact] // Issue #29931
    public void Can_use_SqlQuery_when_context_has_DbFunction()
    {
        using var testDatabase = SqlServerTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);
        var options = Fixture.CreateOptions(testDatabase);
        using (var context = new DbFunctionContext(options))
        {
            var result = context.Database
                .SqlQueryRaw<RawResult>("SELECT Name from sys.databases")
                .OrderBy(d => d.Name)
                .ToList();
        }
    }

    private class DbFunctionContext(DbContextOptions options) : DbContext(options)
    {
        [DbFunction("tvp", "dbo")]
        public IQueryable<TvpResult> Tvp(int? storeid)
            => FromExpression(() => Tvp(storeid));

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
            => modelBuilder.Entity<TvpResult>().HasNoKey();
    }

    private class TvpResult
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }

        [Required]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [Column(TypeName = "decimal(18,2)")]
        public decimal Total { get; set; }
    }

    private class RawResult
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
    }

    [ConditionalFact]
    public void Can_use_string_enum_or_byte_array_as_key()
    {
        using var testDatabase = SqlServerTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);
        var sNum1 = new SNum { TheWalrus = "I" };
        var sNum2 = new SNum { TheWalrus = "Am" };

        var enNum1 = new EnNum { TheWalrus = "Goo goo", Id = ENum.BNum };
        var enNum2 = new EnNum { TheWalrus = "g'joob", Id = ENum.CNum };

        var bNum1 = new BNum { TheWalrus = "Eggman" };
        var bNum2 = new BNum { TheWalrus = "Eggmen" };

        var options = Fixture.CreateOptions(testDatabase);
        using (var context = new ENumContext(options))
        {
            context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

            context.AddRange(sNum1, sNum2, enNum1, enNum2, bNum1, bNum2);

            context.SaveChanges();
        }

        using (var context = new ENumContext(options))
        {
            Assert.Equal(sNum1.Id, context.SNums.Single(e => e.TheWalrus == "I").Id);
            Assert.Equal(sNum2.Id, context.SNums.Single(e => e.TheWalrus == "Am").Id);

            Assert.Equal(enNum1.Id, context.EnNums.Single(e => e.TheWalrus == "Goo goo").Id);
            Assert.Equal(enNum2.Id, context.EnNums.Single(e => e.TheWalrus == "g'joob").Id);

            Assert.Equal(bNum1.Id, context.BNums.Single(e => e.TheWalrus == "Eggman").Id);
            Assert.Equal(bNum2.Id, context.BNums.Single(e => e.TheWalrus == "Eggmen").Id);
        }
    }

    [ConditionalFact]
    public void Can_remove_multiple_byte_array_as_key()
    {
        using var testDatabase = SqlServerTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);
        var bNum1 = new BNum { TheWalrus = "Eggman" };
        var bNum2 = new BNum { TheWalrus = "Eggmen" };

        var options = Fixture.CreateOptions(testDatabase);
        using (var context = new ENumContext(options))
        {
            context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

            context.AddRange(bNum1, bNum2);

            context.SaveChanges();
        }

        using (var context = new ENumContext(options))
        {
            Assert.Equal(bNum1.Id, context.BNums.Single(e => e.TheWalrus == "Eggman").Id);
            Assert.Equal(bNum2.Id, context.BNums.Single(e => e.TheWalrus == "Eggmen").Id);

            context.RemoveRange(context.BNums);

            context.SaveChanges();
        }
    }

    private class ENumContext(DbContextOptions options) : DbContext(options)
    {
        public DbSet<SNum> SNums { get; set; }
        public DbSet<EnNum> EnNums { get; set; }
        public DbSet<BNum> BNums { get; set; }
    }

    [ConditionalFact]
    public void Can_add_table_splitting_dependent_after_principal()
    {
        using var testDatabase = SqlServerTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);

        var options = Fixture.CreateOptions(testDatabase);
        EvaluationAction evaluationAction = null;
        using (var context = new ProjectContext(options))
        {
            context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

            evaluationAction = new EvaluationAction
            {
                Id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(),
                CreateId = "1",
                UpdateId = "1"
            };
            context.EvaluationActions.Add(evaluationAction);
            context.SaveChanges();
        }

        using (var context = new ProjectContext(options))
        {
            context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

            var projectAction = new ProjectAction
            {
                Id = evaluationAction.Id,
                CreateId = "1",
                UpdateId = "1",
                Name = "123123123123"
            };
            context.ProjectActions.Add(projectAction);
            context.SaveChanges();
        }

        using (var context = new ProjectContext(options))
        {
            Assert.NotNull(context.ProjectActions.Single());
            Assert.NotNull(context.EvaluationActions.Single());
        }
    }

    [ConditionalFact]
    public void Throws_when_adding_table_splitting_dependent_without_principal()
    {
        using var testDatabase = SqlServerTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);

        var options = Fixture.CreateOptions(testDatabase);
        using (var context = new ProjectContext(options))
        {
            context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

            var projectAction = new ProjectAction
            {
                Id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(),
                CreateId = "1",
                UpdateId = "1",
                Name = "123123123123"
            };
            context.ProjectActions.Add(projectAction);

            Assert.Throws<DbUpdateConcurrencyException>(() => context.SaveChanges());
        }
    }

    private class ProjectContext(DbContextOptions options) : DbContext(options)
    {
        public DbSet<EvaluationAction> EvaluationActions { get; set; }
        public DbSet<ProjectAction> ProjectActions { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<ProjectAction>()
                .ToTable("projectaction")
                .HasOne(o => o.EvaluationAction).WithOne(o => o.ProjectAction)
                .HasForeignKey<ProjectAction>(o => o.Id);

            modelBuilder.Entity<ProjectAction>().Property(p => p.Name).IsRequired();

            modelBuilder.Entity<EvaluationAction>()
                .ToTable("projectaction");
        }
    }

    private class ProjectAction
    {
        public string Id { get; set; }
        public string CreateId { get; set; }
        public string UpdateId { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public EvaluationAction EvaluationAction { get; set; }
    }

    private class EvaluationAction
    {
        public string Id { get; set; }
        public string CreateId { get; set; }
        public string UpdateId { get; set; }

        public ProjectAction ProjectAction { get; set; }
    }

    private class SNum
    {
        [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)]
        public string Id { get; set; }

        public string TheWalrus { get; set; }
    }

    private class EnNum
    {
        public ENum Id { get; set; }

        public string TheWalrus { get; set; }
    }

    private enum ENum
    {
        // ReSharper disable once UnusedMember.Local
        ANum,
        BNum,
        CNum
    }

    private class BNum
    {
        [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)]
        public byte[] Id { get; set; }

        public string TheWalrus { get; set; }
    }

    [ConditionalFact]
    public async Task Can_add_and_remove_entities_with_keys_of_different_type()
    {
        using var testDatabase = SqlServerTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);

        var options = Fixture.CreateOptions(testDatabase);
        using (var context = new CompositeKeysDbContext(options))
        {
            context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();
            var first = new Int32CompositeKeys { Id1 = 1, Id2 = 2 };

            await context.AddAsync(first);

            var second = new Int64CompositeKeys { Id1 = 1, Id2 = 2 };

            await context.AddAsync(second);
            await context.SaveChangesAsync();
        }

        using (var context = new CompositeKeysDbContext(options))
        {
            var first = context.Set<Int32CompositeKeys>().Single();
            context.Remove(first);

            var second = context.Set<Int64CompositeKeys>().Single();
            context.Remove(second);

            await context.SaveChangesAsync();
        }
    }

    private class CompositeKeysDbContext(DbContextOptions options) : DbContext(options)
    {
        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<Int32CompositeKeys>().HasKey(i => new { i.Id1, i.Id2 });
            modelBuilder.Entity<Int64CompositeKeys>().HasKey(l => new { l.Id1, l.Id2 });
        }
    }

    private class Int32CompositeKeys
    {
        public int Id1 { get; set; }
        public int Id2 { get; set; }
    }

    private class Int64CompositeKeys
    {
        public long Id1 { get; set; }
        public long Id2 { get; set; }
    }

    [ConditionalFact]
    public void Can_insert_non_owner_principal_for_owned()
    {
        using var testDatabase = SqlServerTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);

        var options = Fixture.CreateOptions(testDatabase);
        using (var context = new FileContext(options))
        {
            context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

            var category = new Category();
            context.Categories.Add(category);

            context.SaveChanges();

            var fileMetadata = new FileMetadata();
            context.FileMetadata.Add(fileMetadata);
            category.Picture = new FileSource { FileId = fileMetadata.Id };

            context.SaveChanges();
        }
    }

    private class FileContext(DbContextOptions options) : DbContext(options)
    {
        public DbSet<FileMetadata> FileMetadata { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Category> Categories { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);

            modelBuilder.Entity<Category>(
                builder =>
                {
                    builder.OwnsOne(
                        x => x.Picture, fileSource =>
                        {
                            fileSource.HasOne<FileMetadata>().WithOne().HasForeignKey<FileSource>(x => x.FileId);
                        });
                });
        }
    }

    private sealed class FileMetadata
    {
        public Guid Id { get; set; }
    }

    private sealed class Category
    {
        public Guid Id { get; set; }

        public FileSource Picture { get; set; }
    }

    private sealed class FileSource
    {
        public Guid? FileId { get; set; }
        public bool Deleted { get; set; }
    }

    [ConditionalFact]
    public async Task Can_insert_TPT_dependents_with_identity()
    {
        using var testDatabase = SqlServerTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);

        var options = Fixture.CreateOptions(testDatabase);
        using (var context = new CarContext(options))
        {
            context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

            var ferrari = new Ferrari { Special = new Car() };
            await context.AddAsync(ferrari);

            await context.SaveChangesAsync();

            Assert.NotNull(ferrari.Special);
        }
    }

    private class CarContext(DbContextOptions options) : DbContext(options)
    {
        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<Car>().ToTable("Car");
            modelBuilder.Entity<Ferrari>().ToTable("Ferrari");
        }
    }

    private class Car
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
    }

    private class Ferrari : Car
    {
        public Car Special { get; set; }
    }

    [ConditionalFact]
    public void Can_run_linq_query_on_entity_set()
    {
        using var testStore = SqlServerTestStore.GetNorthwindStore();
        using var db = new NorthwindContext(Fixture.CreateOptions(testStore));
        var results = db.Customers
            .Where(c => c.CompanyName.StartsWith("A"))
            .OrderByDescending(c => c.CustomerID)
            .ToList();

        Assert.Equal(4, results.Count);
        Assert.Equal("AROUT", results[0].CustomerID);
        Assert.Equal("ANTON", results[1].CustomerID);
        Assert.Equal("ANATR", results[2].CustomerID);
        Assert.Equal("ALFKI", results[3].CustomerID);

        Assert.Equal("(171) 555-6750", results[0].Fax);
        Assert.Null(results[1].Fax);
        Assert.Equal("(5) 555-3745", results[2].Fax);
        Assert.Equal("030-0076545", results[3].Fax);
    }

    [ConditionalFact]
    public void Can_run_linq_query_on_entity_set_with_value_buffer_reader()
    {
        using var testStore = SqlServerTestStore.GetNorthwindStore();
        using var db = new NorthwindContext(Fixture.CreateOptions(testStore));
        var results = db.Customers
            .Where(c => c.CompanyName.StartsWith("A"))
            .OrderByDescending(c => c.CustomerID)
            .ToList();

        Assert.Equal(4, results.Count);
        Assert.Equal("AROUT", results[0].CustomerID);
        Assert.Equal("ANTON", results[1].CustomerID);
        Assert.Equal("ANATR", results[2].CustomerID);
        Assert.Equal("ALFKI", results[3].CustomerID);

        Assert.Equal("(171) 555-6750", results[0].Fax);
        Assert.Null(results[1].Fax);
        Assert.Equal("(5) 555-3745", results[2].Fax);
        Assert.Equal("030-0076545", results[3].Fax);
    }

    [ConditionalFact]
    public void Can_enumerate_entity_set()
    {
        using var testStore = SqlServerTestStore.GetNorthwindStore();
        using var db = new NorthwindContext(Fixture.CreateOptions(testStore));
        var results = new List<Customer>();
        foreach (var item in db.Customers)
        {
            results.Add(item);
        }

        Assert.Equal(91, results.Count);
        Assert.Equal("ALFKI", results[0].CustomerID);
        Assert.Equal("Alfreds Futterkiste", results[0].CompanyName);
    }

    [ConditionalFact]
    public async Task Can_save_changes()
    {
        using var testDatabase = SqlServerTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);
        var options = Fixture.CreateOptions(testDatabase);
        using (var db = new BloggingContext(options))
        {
            await CreateBlogDatabaseAsync<Blog>(db);
        }

        Fixture.TestSqlLoggerFactory.Clear();

        using (var db = new BloggingContext(options))
        {
            var toUpdate = db.Blogs.Single(b => b.Name == "Blog1");
            toUpdate.Name = "Blog is Updated";
            var updatedId = toUpdate.Id;
            var toDelete = db.Blogs.Single(b => b.Name == "Blog2");
            toDelete.Name = "Blog to delete";
            var deletedId = toDelete.Id;

            db.Entry(toUpdate).State = EntityState.Modified;
            db.Entry(toDelete).State = EntityState.Deleted;

            var toAdd = db.Add(
                new Blog
                {
                    Name = "Blog to Insert",
                    George = true,
                    TheGu = new Guid("0456AEF1-B7FC-47AA-8102-975D6BA3A9BF"),
                    NotFigTime = new DateTime(1973, 9, 3, 0, 10, 33, 777),
                    ToEat = 64,
                    OrNothing = 0.123456789,
                    Fuse = 777,
                    WayRound = 9876543210,
                    Away = 0.12345f,
                    AndChew = new byte[16]
                }).Entity;

            await db.SaveChangesAsync();

            var addedId = toAdd.Id;
            Assert.NotEqual(0, addedId);

            Assert.Equal(EntityState.Unchanged, db.Entry(toUpdate).State);
            Assert.Equal(EntityState.Unchanged, db.Entry(toAdd).State);
            Assert.DoesNotContain(toDelete, db.ChangeTracker.Entries().Select(e => e.Entity));

            Assert.Equal(3, Fixture.TestSqlLoggerFactory.SqlStatements.Count);
            Assert.Contains("SELECT", Fixture.TestSqlLoggerFactory.SqlStatements[0]);
            Assert.Contains("SELECT", Fixture.TestSqlLoggerFactory.SqlStatements[1]);
            Assert.Contains("@p0='" + deletedId, Fixture.TestSqlLoggerFactory.SqlStatements[2]);
            Assert.Contains("DELETE", Fixture.TestSqlLoggerFactory.SqlStatements[2]);
            Assert.Contains("UPDATE", Fixture.TestSqlLoggerFactory.SqlStatements[2]);
            Assert.Contains("INSERT", Fixture.TestSqlLoggerFactory.SqlStatements[2]);

            var rows = await testDatabase.ExecuteScalarAsync<int>(
                $"SELECT Count(*) FROM [dbo].[Blog] WHERE Id = {updatedId} AND Name = 'Blog is Updated'");

            Assert.Equal(1, rows);

            rows = await testDatabase.ExecuteScalarAsync<int>(
                $"SELECT Count(*) FROM [dbo].[Blog] WHERE Id = {deletedId}");

            Assert.Equal(0, rows);

            rows = await testDatabase.ExecuteScalarAsync<int>(
                $"SELECT Count(*) FROM [dbo].[Blog] WHERE Id = {addedId} AND Name = 'Blog to Insert'");

            Assert.Equal(1, rows);
        }
    }

    [ConditionalFact]
    public async Task Can_save_changes_in_tracked_entities()
    {
        using var testDatabase = SqlServerTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);
        int updatedId;
        int deletedId;
        int addedId;
        var options = Fixture.CreateOptions(testDatabase);
        using (var db = new BloggingContext(options))
        {
            var blogs = await CreateBlogDatabaseAsync<Blog>(db);

            var toAdd = db.Blogs.Add(
                new Blog
                {
                    Name = "Blog to Insert",
                    George = true,
                    TheGu = new Guid("0456AEF1-B7FC-47AA-8102-975D6BA3A9BF"),
                    NotFigTime = new DateTime(1973, 9, 3, 0, 10, 33, 777),
                    ToEat = 64,
                    OrNothing = 0.123456789,
                    Fuse = 777,
                    WayRound = 9876543210,
                    Away = 0.12345f,
                    AndChew = new byte[16]
                }).Entity;
            db.Entry(toAdd).State = EntityState.Detached;

            var toUpdate = blogs[0];
            toUpdate.Name = "Blog is Updated";
            updatedId = toUpdate.Id;
            var toDelete = blogs[1];
            toDelete.Name = "Blog to delete";
            deletedId = toDelete.Id;

            db.Remove(toDelete);
            db.Entry(toAdd).State = EntityState.Added;

            await db.SaveChangesAsync();

            addedId = toAdd.Id;
            Assert.NotEqual(0, addedId);

            Assert.Equal(EntityState.Unchanged, db.Entry(toUpdate).State);
            Assert.Equal(EntityState.Unchanged, db.Entry(toAdd).State);
            Assert.DoesNotContain(toDelete, db.ChangeTracker.Entries().Select(e => e.Entity));
        }

        using (var db = new BloggingContext(options))
        {
            var toUpdate = db.Blogs.Single(b => b.Id == updatedId);
            Assert.Equal("Blog is Updated", toUpdate.Name);
            Assert.Equal(0, db.Blogs.Count(b => b.Id == deletedId));
            Assert.Equal("Blog to Insert", db.Blogs.Single(b => b.Id == addedId).Name);
        }
    }

    [ConditionalFact]
    public void Can_track_an_entity_with_more_than_10_properties()
    {
        using var testDatabase = SqlServerTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);
        var options = Fixture.CreateOptions(testDatabase);
        using (var context = new GameDbContext(options))
        {
            context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

            context.Characters.Add(
                new PlayerCharacter(
                    new Level { Game = new Game() }));

            context.SaveChanges();
        }

        using (var context = new GameDbContext(options))
        {
            var character = context.Characters
                .Include(c => c.Level.Game)
                .OrderBy(c => c.Id)
                .First();

            Assert.NotNull(character.Game);
            Assert.NotNull(character.Level);
            Assert.NotNull(character.Level.Game);
        }
    }

    [ConditionalFact]
    public void Can_replace_identifying_FK_entity_with_many_to_many()
    {
        using var testDatabase = SqlServerTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);
        var options = Fixture.CreateOptions(testDatabase);

        using (var context = new SomeDbContext(options))
        {
            context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

            context.Add(new EntityA { EntityB = new EntityB { EntitiesC = { new EntityC() }, } });

            context.SaveChanges();
        }

        var expectedCId = 0;
        using (var context = new SomeDbContext(options))
        {
            var entityA = context.EntitiesA.Include(x => x.EntityB).ThenInclude(x => x.EntitiesC).OrderBy(x => x.Id).First();

            entityA.EntityB = new EntityB { EntitiesC = { new EntityC() } };

            context.SaveChanges();

            expectedCId = entityA.EntityB.EntitiesC.Single().Id;
        }

        using (var context = new SomeDbContext(options))
        {
            var entityA = context.EntitiesA.Include(x => x.EntityB).ThenInclude(x => x.EntitiesC).OrderBy(x => x.Id).First();

            Assert.Equal(expectedCId, entityA.EntityB.EntitiesC.Single().Id);
        }
    }

    [ConditionalTheory]
    [MemberData(
        nameof(DataGenerator.GetCombinations),
        new object[] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 },
        2,
        MemberType = typeof(DataGenerator))]
    public void Can_insert_entities_with_generated_PKs(int studentCount, int courseCount)
    {
        var students = new Student[]
        {
            new()
            {
                FirstMidName = "Carson",
                LastName = "Alexander",
                EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2019-09-01")
            },
            new()
            {
                FirstMidName = "Meredith",
                LastName = "Alonso",
                EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2017-09-01")
            },
            new()
            {
                FirstMidName = "Arturo",
                LastName = "Anand",
                EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2018-09-01")
            },
            new()
            {
                FirstMidName = "Gytis",
                LastName = "Barzdukas",
                EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2017-09-01")
            },
            new()
            {
                FirstMidName = "Yan",
                LastName = "Li",
                EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2017-09-01")
            },
            new()
            {
                FirstMidName = "Peggy",
                LastName = "Justice",
                EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2016-09-01")
            },
            new()
            {
                FirstMidName = "Laura",
                LastName = "Norman",
                EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2018-09-01")
            },
            new()
            {
                FirstMidName = "Nino",
                LastName = "Olivetto",
                EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2019-09-01")
            }
        };

        var courses = new Course[]
        {
            new() { Title = "Chemistry", Credits = 3 },
            new() { Title = "Microeconomics", Credits = 3 },
            new() { Title = "Macroeconomics", Credits = 3 },
            new() { Title = "Calculus", Credits = 4 },
            new() { Title = "Trigonometry", Credits = 4 },
            new() { Title = "Composition", Credits = 3 },
            new() { Title = "Literature", Credits = 4 }
        };

        using var testDatabase = SqlServerTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);
        var options = Fixture.CreateOptions(testDatabase);

        var nextCourse = 0;
        using (var context = new UniversityContext(options))
        {
            context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();
            for (var i = 0; i < studentCount; i++)
            {
                if (courseCount > 1)
                {
                    students[i].Courses.Add(courses[nextCourse++]);
                    if(nextCourse >= courseCount)
                    {
                        nextCourse = 0;
                    }

                    students[i].Courses.Add(courses[nextCourse++]);
                    if (nextCourse >= courseCount)
                    {
                        nextCourse = 0;
                    }
                }
                context.Students.Add(students[i]);
            }

            for (var i = 0; i < courseCount; i++)
            {
                context.Courses.Add(courses[i]);
            }

            Assert.All(context.Enrollments.Local, e =>
            {
                var entry = context.Entry(e);
                var student = e.Student;
                var course = e.Course;
                Assert.Equal(student.Id, e.StudentId);
                Assert.Equal(course.Id, e.CourseId);
                Assert.Equal(context.Entry(student).Property(e => e.Id).CurrentValue, entry.Property(e => e.StudentId).CurrentValue);
                Assert.Equal(context.Entry(course).Property(e => e.Id).CurrentValue, entry.Property(e => e.CourseId).CurrentValue);
                Assert.True(entry.Property(e => e.StudentId).IsTemporary);
                Assert.True(entry.Property(e => e.CourseId).IsTemporary);
                Assert.True(context.Entry(student).Property(e => e.Id).IsTemporary);
                Assert.True(context.Entry(course).Property(e => e.Id).IsTemporary);
            });

            context.SaveChanges();

            Assert.All(context.Enrollments.Local, e =>
            {
                var entry = context.Entry(e);
                var student = e.Student;
                var course = e.Course;
                Assert.Equal(student.Id, e.StudentId);
                Assert.Equal(course.Id, e.CourseId);
                Assert.False(entry.Property(e => e.StudentId).IsTemporary);
                Assert.False(entry.Property(e => e.CourseId).IsTemporary);
            });
        }

        using (var context = new UniversityContext(options))
        {
            Assert.Equal(studentCount, context.Students.ToList().Count());
            Assert.Equal(courseCount, context.Courses.ToList().Count());

            var enrollments = context.Enrollments.Include(e => e.Course).Include(e => e.Student).ToList();
            Assert.All(enrollments, e =>
            {
                var student = e.Student;
                var course = e.Course;
                Assert.Equal(student.Id, e.StudentId);
                Assert.Equal(course.Id, e.CourseId);
            });
        }
    }

    public class Course
    {
        public Guid Id { get; set; }

        public string Title { get; set; } = string.Empty;

        public int Credits { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; } = new List<Enrollment>();

        public virtual ICollection<Student> Students { get; set; } = new List<Student>();

        public byte[] RowVersion { get; set; } = [];
    }

    public class Student
    {
        public Guid Id { get; set; }

        public string LastName { get; set; } = string.Empty;

        public string FirstMidName { get; set; } = string.Empty;

        public DateTime EnrollmentDate { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; } = new List<Enrollment>();

        public virtual ICollection<Course> Courses { get; set; } = new List<Course>();

        public byte[] RowVersion { get; set; } = [];
    }

    public enum Grade
    {
        A, B, C, D, F
    }

    public class Enrollment
    {
        public Guid Id { get; set; }

        public Guid CourseId { get; set; }

        public Guid StudentId { get; set; }

        public Grade? Grade { get; set; }

        public virtual Course Course { get; set; } = new();

        public virtual Student Student { get; set; } = new();

        public byte[] RowVersion { get; set; } = [];
    }

    private class UniversityContext(DbContextOptions options) : DbContext(options)
    {
        public DbSet<Student> Students { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Course> Courses { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<Course>(
                builder =>
                {
                    builder.ToTable("Courses");

                    builder.HasKey(x => x.Id);

                    builder.Property(x => x.Id)
                        .ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
                        .HasDefaultValueSql("NEWSEQUENTIALID()");

                    builder.Property(x => x.Title)
                        .IsRequired()
                        .HasMaxLength(50);

                    builder.Property(x => x.RowVersion)
                        .IsRowVersion();

                    builder.HasMany(x => x.Students)
                        .WithMany(x => x.Courses)
                        .UsingEntity<Enrollment>();
                });

            modelBuilder.Entity<Student>(
                builder =>
                {
                    builder.ToTable("Students");

                    builder.HasKey(x => x.Id);

                    builder.Property(x => x.Id)
                        .ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
                        .HasDefaultValueSql("NEWSEQUENTIALID()");

                    builder.Property(x => x.LastName)
                        .IsRequired()
                        .HasMaxLength(50);

                    builder.Property(x => x.FirstMidName)
                        .IsRequired()
                        .HasMaxLength(50);

                    builder.Property(x => x.RowVersion)
                        .IsRowVersion();
                });

            modelBuilder.Entity<Enrollment>(
                builder =>
                {
                    builder.ToTable("Enrollments");

                    builder.HasKey(x => x.Id);

                    builder.Property(x => x.Id)
                        .ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
                        .HasDefaultValueSql("NEWSEQUENTIALID()");

                    builder.Property(x => x.RowVersion)
                        .IsRowVersion();

                    builder.HasOne(t => t.Course)
                        .WithMany(t => t.Enrollments)
                        .HasPrincipalKey(d => d.Id)
                        .HasForeignKey(d => d.CourseId)
                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade);

                    builder.HasOne(t => t.Student)
                        .WithMany(t => t.Enrollments)
                        .HasPrincipalKey(d => d.Id)
                        .HasForeignKey(d => d.StudentId)
                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade);
                });
        }
    }

    private class EntityA
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public virtual EntityB EntityB { get; set; }
    }

    private class EntityB
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public virtual EntityA EntityA { get; set; }
        public virtual ICollection<EntityC> EntitiesC { get; } = new List<EntityC>();
    }

    private class EntityC
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public virtual ICollection<EntityB> EntitiesB { get; } = new List<EntityB>();
    }

    private class SomeDbContext(DbContextOptions options) : DbContext(options)
    {
        public DbSet<EntityA> EntitiesA { get; set; }
        public DbSet<EntityB> EntitiesB { get; set; }
        public DbSet<EntityC> EntitiesC { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
            => modelBuilder
                .Entity<EntityA>()
                .HasOne(e => e.EntityB)
                .WithOne(e => e.EntityA)
                .HasForeignKey<EntityB>(e => e.Id);
    }

    [ConditionalFact]
    public void Adding_an_item_to_a_collection_marks_it_as_modified()
    {
        using var testDatabase = SqlServerTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);
        var options = Fixture.CreateOptions(testDatabase);

        using var context = new GameDbContext(options);
        context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

        var player = new PlayerCharacter(
            new Level { Game = new Game() });

        var weapon = new Item { Id = 1, Game = player.Game };

        context.Characters.Add(player);

        context.SaveChanges();

        player.Items.Add(weapon);

        context.ChangeTracker.DetectChanges();

        Assert.True(context.Entry(player).Collection(p => p.Items).IsModified);
    }

    [ConditionalFact]
    public void Can_set_reference_twice()
    {
        using var testDatabase = SqlServerTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);
        var options = Fixture.CreateOptions(testDatabase);

        using (var context = new GameDbContext(options))
        {
            context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

            var player = new PlayerCharacter(
                new Level { Game = new Game() });

            var weapon = new Item { Id = 1, Game = player.Game };

            player.Items.Add(weapon);
            context.Characters.Add(player);

            context.SaveChanges();

            player.CurrentWeapon = weapon;
            context.SaveChanges();

            player.CurrentWeapon = null;
            context.SaveChanges();

            player.CurrentWeapon = weapon;
            context.SaveChanges();
        }

        using (var context = new GameDbContext(options))
        {
            var player = context.Characters
                .Include(c => c.Items)
                .ToList().Single();

            Assert.Equal(player.Items.Single(), player.CurrentWeapon);
        }
    }

    [ConditionalFact]
    public void Can_include_on_loaded_entity()
    {
        using var testDatabase = SqlServerTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);
        var options = Fixture.CreateOptions(testDatabase);

        using (var context = new GameDbContext(options))
        {
            context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

            var player = new PlayerCharacter(
                new Level { Game = new Game() });

            var weapon = new Item { Id = 1, Game = player.Game };

            player.Items.Add(weapon);

            player.Items.Add(
                new Item { Id = 2, Game = player.Game });

            context.Characters.Add(player);

            context.SaveChanges();

            player.CurrentWeapon = weapon;

            context.SaveChanges();
        }

        using (var context = new GameDbContext(options))
        {
            var player = context.Characters
                .Include(p => p.CurrentWeapon)
                .Single();

            Assert.Equal(1, player.Items.Count);

            context.Attach(player);

            Assert.Equal(1, player.Items.Count);

            context.Levels
                .Include(l => l.Actors)
                .ThenInclude(a => a.Items)
                .Load();

            Assert.Equal(2, player.Items.Count);
        }

        using (var context = new GameDbContext(options))
        {
            var player = context.Characters
                .Include(p => p.CurrentWeapon)
                .AsNoTracking()
                .Single();

            Assert.Equal(0, player.Items.Count);

            context.Entry(player.CurrentWeapon).Property("ActorId").CurrentValue = 0;

            context.Attach(player);

            Assert.Equal(1, player.Items.Count);

            context.Levels
                .Include(l => l.Actors)
                .ThenInclude(a => a.Items)
                .Load();

            Assert.Equal(2, player.Items.Count);
        }
    }

    public abstract class Actor
    {
        protected Actor()
        {
        }

        protected Actor(Level level)
        {
            Level = level;
            Game = level.Game;
        }

        public virtual int Id { get; private set; }
        public virtual Level Level { get; set; }
        public virtual int GameId { get; private set; }
        public virtual Game Game { get; set; }
        public virtual ICollection<Item> Items { get; set; } = new HashSet<Item>();
    }

    public class PlayerCharacter : Actor
    {
        public PlayerCharacter()
        {
        }

        public PlayerCharacter(Level level)
            : base(level)
        {
        }

        public virtual string Name { get; set; }

        public virtual int Strength { get; set; }
        public virtual int Dexterity { get; set; }
        public virtual int Speed { get; set; }
        public virtual int Constitution { get; set; }
        public virtual int Intelligence { get; set; }
        public virtual int Willpower { get; set; }

        public virtual int MaxHP { get; set; }
        public virtual int HP { get; set; }

        public virtual int MaxMP { get; set; }
        public virtual int MP { get; set; }

        public virtual Item CurrentWeapon { get; set; }
    }

    public class Level
    {
        public virtual int Id { get; set; }
        public virtual int GameId { get; set; }
        public virtual Game Game { get; set; }
        public virtual ICollection<Actor> Actors { get; set; } = new HashSet<Actor>();
        public virtual ICollection<Item> Items { get; set; } = new HashSet<Item>();
    }

    public class Item
    {
        public virtual int Id { get; set; }
        public virtual int GameId { get; set; }
        public virtual Game Game { get; set; }
        public virtual Level Level { get; set; }
        public virtual Actor Actor { get; set; }
    }

    public class Container : Item
    {
        public virtual ICollection<Item> Items { get; set; } = new HashSet<Item>();
    }

    public class Game
    {
        public virtual int Id { get; set; }
        public virtual ICollection<Actor> Actors { get; set; } = new HashSet<Actor>();
        public virtual ICollection<Level> Levels { get; set; } = new HashSet<Level>();
    }

    public class GameDbContext(DbContextOptions options) : DbContext(options)
    {
        public DbSet<Game> Games { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Level> Levels { get; set; }
        public DbSet<PlayerCharacter> Characters { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Item> Items { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<Level>(
                eb =>
                {
                    eb.Property(g => g.Id)
                        .ValueGeneratedNever();

                    eb.HasKey(l => new { l.GameId, l.Id });
                });

            modelBuilder.Entity<Actor>(
                eb =>
                {
                    eb.Property(g => g.Id)
                        .ValueGeneratedNever();

                    eb.HasKey(a => new { a.GameId, a.Id });

                    eb.HasOne(a => a.Level)
                        .WithMany(l => l.Actors)
                        .HasForeignKey(nameof(Actor.GameId), "LevelId")
                        .IsRequired();

                    eb.HasMany(a => a.Items)
                        .WithOne(i => i.Actor)
                        .HasForeignKey(nameof(Item.GameId), "ActorId");
                });

            modelBuilder.Entity<PlayerCharacter>(
                eb =>
                {
                    eb.HasOne(p => p.CurrentWeapon)
                        .WithOne()
                        .HasForeignKey<PlayerCharacter>(nameof(PlayerCharacter.GameId), "CurrentWeaponId");
                });

            modelBuilder.Entity<Item>(
                eb =>
                {
                    eb.Property(g => g.Id)
                        .ValueGeneratedNever();

                    eb.HasKey(l => new { l.GameId, l.Id });
                });

            modelBuilder.Entity<Container>(
                eb =>
                {
                    eb.HasMany(c => c.Items)
                        .WithOne()
                        .HasForeignKey("GameId", "ContainerId");
                });

            modelBuilder.Entity<Game>(
                eb =>
                {
                    eb.Property(g => g.Id)
                        .ValueGeneratedOnAdd();
                    eb.HasMany(g => g.Levels)
                        .WithOne(l => l.Game)
                        .HasForeignKey(l => l.GameId);
                    eb.HasMany(g => g.Actors)
                        .WithOne(a => a.Game)
                        .HasForeignKey(a => a.GameId)
                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Restrict);
                });
        }
    }

    [ConditionalFact]
    public async Task Tracking_entities_asynchronously_returns_tracked_entities_back()
    {
        using var testStore = SqlServerTestStore.GetNorthwindStore();
        using var db = new NorthwindContext(Fixture.CreateOptions(testStore));
        var customer = await db.Customers.OrderBy(c => c.CustomerID).FirstOrDefaultAsync();

        var trackedCustomerEntry = db.ChangeTracker.Entries().Single();
        Assert.Same(trackedCustomerEntry.Entity, customer);

        // if references are different this will throw
        db.Customers.Remove(customer);
    }

    [ConditionalFact] // Issue #931
    public async Task Can_save_and_query_with_schema()
    {
        using var testStore = SqlServerTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);
        var options = Fixture.CreateOptions(testStore);

        await testStore.ExecuteNonQueryAsync("CREATE SCHEMA Apple");
        await testStore.ExecuteNonQueryAsync("CREATE TABLE Apple.Jack (MyKey int)");
        await testStore.ExecuteNonQueryAsync("CREATE TABLE Apple.Black (MyKey int)");

        using (var context = new SchemaContext(options))
        {
            await context.AddAsync(
                new Jack { MyKey = 1 });
            await context.AddAsync(
                new Black { MyKey = 2 });
            context.SaveChanges();
        }

        using (var context = new SchemaContext(options))
        {
            Assert.Equal(1, context.Jacks.Count());
            Assert.Equal(1, context.Blacks.Count());
        }
    }

    private class SchemaContext(DbContextOptions options) : DbContext(options)
    {
        public DbSet<Jack> Jacks { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Black> Blacks { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder
                .Entity<Jack>()
                .ToTable("Jack", "Apple")
                .HasKey(e => e.MyKey);

            modelBuilder
                .Entity<Black>()
                .ToTable("Black", "Apple")
                .HasKey(e => e.MyKey);
        }
    }

    private class Jack
    {
        public int MyKey { get; set; }
    }

    private class Black
    {
        public int MyKey { get; set; }
    }

    [ConditionalFact]
    public Task Can_round_trip_changes_with_snapshot_change_tracking()
        => RoundTripChanges<Blog>();

    [ConditionalFact]
    public Task Can_round_trip_changes_with_full_notification_entities()
        => RoundTripChanges<ChangedChangingBlog>();

    [ConditionalFact]
    public Task Can_round_trip_changes_with_changed_only_notification_entities()
        => RoundTripChanges<ChangedOnlyBlog>();

    private async Task RoundTripChanges<TBlog>()
        where TBlog : class, IBlog, new()
    {
        using var testDatabase = SqlServerTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);
        var options = Fixture.CreateOptions(testDatabase);

        int blog1Id;
        int blog2Id;
        int blog3Id;

        using (var context = new BloggingContext<TBlog>(options))
        {
            var blogs = await CreateBlogDatabaseAsync<TBlog>(context);
            blog1Id = blogs[0].Id;
            blog2Id = blogs[1].Id;

            Assert.NotEqual(0, blog1Id);
            Assert.NotEqual(0, blog2Id);
            Assert.NotEqual(blog1Id, blog2Id);
        }

        using (var context = new BloggingContext<TBlog>(options))
        {
            var blogs = context.Blogs.ToList();
            Assert.Equal(2, blogs.Count);

            var blog1 = blogs.Single(b => b.Name == "Blog1");
            Assert.Equal(blog1Id, blog1.Id);

            Assert.Equal("Blog1", blog1.Name);
            Assert.True(blog1.George);
            Assert.Equal(new Guid("0456AEF1-B7FC-47AA-8102-975D6BA3A9BF"), blog1.TheGu);
            Assert.Equal(new DateTime(1973, 9, 3, 0, 10, 33, 777), blog1.NotFigTime);
            Assert.Equal(64, blog1.ToEat);
            Assert.Equal(0.123456789, blog1.OrNothing);
            Assert.Equal(777, blog1.Fuse);
            Assert.Equal(9876543210, blog1.WayRound);
            Assert.Equal(0.12345f, blog1.Away);
            Assert.Equal(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 }, blog1.AndChew);

            blog1.Name = "New Name";

            var blog2 = blogs.Single(b => b.Name == "Blog2");
            Assert.Equal(blog2Id, blog2.Id);

            blog2.Name = null;
            blog2.NotFigTime = new DateTime();
            blog2.AndChew = null;

            var blog3 = (await context.AddAsync(new TBlog())).Entity;

            await context.SaveChangesAsync();

            blog3Id = blog3.Id;
            Assert.NotEqual(0, blog3Id);
        }

        using (var context = new BloggingContext<TBlog>(options))
        {
            var blogs = context.Blogs.ToList();
            Assert.Equal(3, blogs.Count);

            Assert.Equal("New Name", blogs.Single(b => b.Id == blog1Id).Name);

            var blog2 = blogs.Single(b => b.Id == blog2Id);
            Assert.Null(blog2.Name);
            Assert.Equal(blog2.NotFigTime, new DateTime());
            Assert.Null(blog2.AndChew);

            var blog3 = blogs.Single(b => b.Id == blog3Id);
            Assert.Null(blog3.Name);
            Assert.Equal(blog3.NotFigTime, new DateTime());
            Assert.Null(blog3.AndChew);
        }
    }

    private static async Task<TBlog[]> CreateBlogDatabaseAsync<TBlog>(DbContext context)
        where TBlog : class, IBlog, new()
    {
        context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

        var blog1 = (await context.AddAsync(
            new TBlog
            {
                Name = "Blog1",
                George = true,
                TheGu = new Guid("0456AEF1-B7FC-47AA-8102-975D6BA3A9BF"),
                NotFigTime = new DateTime(1973, 9, 3, 0, 10, 33, 777),
                ToEat = 64,
                CupOfChar = 'C',
                OrNothing = 0.123456789,
                Fuse = 777,
                WayRound = 9876543210,
                NotToEat = -64,
                Away = 0.12345f,
                OrULong = 888,
                OrUSkint = 8888888,
                OrUShort = 888888888888888,
                AndChew = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
            })).Entity;
        var blog2 = (await context.AddAsync(
            new TBlog
            {
                Name = "Blog2",
                George = false,
                TheGu = new Guid("0456AEF1-B7FC-47AA-8102-975D6BA3A9CF"),
                NotFigTime = new DateTime(1973, 9, 3, 0, 10, 33, 778),
                ToEat = 65,
                CupOfChar = 'D',
                OrNothing = 0.987654321,
                Fuse = 778,
                WayRound = 98765432100,
                NotToEat = -64,
                Away = 0.12345f,
                OrULong = 888,
                OrUSkint = 8888888,
                OrUShort = 888888888888888,
                AndChew = new byte[16]
            })).Entity;
        await context.SaveChangesAsync();

        return [blog1, blog2];
    }

    private class NorthwindContext(DbContextOptions options) : DbContext(options)
    {
        public DbSet<Customer> Customers { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
            => modelBuilder.Entity<Customer>(
                b =>
                {
                    b.HasKey(c => c.CustomerID);
                    b.ToTable("Customers");
                });
    }

    private class Customer
    {
        public string CustomerID { get; set; }
        public string CompanyName { get; set; }
        public string Fax { get; set; }
    }

    private class BloggingContext(DbContextOptions options) : BloggingContext<Blog>(options);

    private class Blog : IBlog
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public bool George { get; set; }
        public Guid TheGu { get; set; }
        public DateTime NotFigTime { get; set; }

        public byte ToEat { get; set; }

        public char CupOfChar { get; set; }
        public double OrNothing { get; set; }

        public short Fuse { get; set; }

        public long WayRound { get; set; }

        public sbyte NotToEat { get; set; }
        public float Away { get; set; }

        public ushort OrULong { get; set; }
        public uint OrUSkint { get; set; }
        public ulong OrUShort { get; set; }
        public byte[] AndChew { get; set; }
    }

    private class BloggingContext<TBlog>(DbContextOptions options) : DbContext(options)
        where TBlog : class, IBlog
    {
        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            if (typeof(INotifyPropertyChanging).IsAssignableFrom(typeof(TBlog)))
            {
                modelBuilder.HasChangeTrackingStrategy(ChangeTrackingStrategy.ChangingAndChangedNotifications);
            }
            else if (typeof(INotifyPropertyChanged).IsAssignableFrom(typeof(TBlog)))
            {
                modelBuilder.HasChangeTrackingStrategy(ChangeTrackingStrategy.ChangedNotifications);
            }

            modelBuilder.Entity<TBlog>().ToTable("Blog", "dbo");
        }

        public DbSet<TBlog> Blogs { get; set; }
    }

    private interface IBlog
    {
        int Id { get; set; }
        string Name { get; set; }
        bool George { get; set; }
        Guid TheGu { get; set; }
        DateTime NotFigTime { get; set; }

        byte ToEat { get; set; }

        char CupOfChar { get; set; }
        double OrNothing { get; set; }

        short Fuse { get; set; }

        long WayRound { get; set; }

        sbyte NotToEat { get; set; }
        float Away { get; set; }

        ushort OrULong { get; set; }
        uint OrUSkint { get; set; }
        ulong OrUShort { get; set; }
        byte[] AndChew { get; set; }
    }

    private class ChangedChangingBlog : INotifyPropertyChanging, INotifyPropertyChanged, IBlog
    {
        private int _id;
        private string _name;
        private bool _george;
        private Guid _theGu;
        private DateTime _notFigTime;

        private byte _toEat;

        private char _cupOfChar;
        private double _orNothing;

        private short _fuse;

        private long _wayRound;

        private sbyte _notToEat;
        private float _away;

        private ushort _orULong;
        private uint _orUSkint;
        private ulong _orUShort;
        private byte[] _andChew;

        public int Id
        {
            get => _id;
            set
            {
                if (_id != value)
                {
                    NotifyChanging();
                    _id = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public string Name
        {
            get => _name;
            set
            {
                if (_name != value)
                {
                    NotifyChanging();
                    _name = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public bool George
        {
            get => _george;
            set
            {
                if (_george != value)
                {
                    NotifyChanging();
                    _george = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public Guid TheGu
        {
            get => _theGu;
            set
            {
                if (_theGu != value)
                {
                    NotifyChanging();
                    _theGu = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public DateTime NotFigTime
        {
            get => _notFigTime;
            set
            {
                if (_notFigTime != value)
                {
                    NotifyChanging();
                    _notFigTime = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public byte ToEat
        {
            get => _toEat;
            set
            {
                if (_toEat != value)
                {
                    NotifyChanging();
                    _toEat = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public char CupOfChar
        {
            get => _cupOfChar;
            set
            {
                if (_cupOfChar != value)
                {
                    NotifyChanging();
                    _cupOfChar = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public double OrNothing
        {
            get => _orNothing;
            set
            {
                if (_orNothing != value)
                {
                    NotifyChanging();
                    _orNothing = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public short Fuse
        {
            get => _fuse;
            set
            {
                if (_fuse != value)
                {
                    NotifyChanging();
                    _fuse = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public long WayRound
        {
            get => _wayRound;
            set
            {
                if (_wayRound != value)
                {
                    NotifyChanging();
                    _wayRound = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public sbyte NotToEat
        {
            get => _notToEat;
            set
            {
                if (_notToEat != value)
                {
                    NotifyChanging();
                    _notToEat = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public float Away
        {
            get => _away;
            set
            {
                if (_away != value)
                {
                    NotifyChanging();
                    _away = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public ushort OrULong
        {
            get => _orULong;
            set
            {
                if (_orULong != value)
                {
                    NotifyChanging();
                    _orULong = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public uint OrUSkint
        {
            get => _orUSkint;
            set
            {
                if (_orUSkint != value)
                {
                    NotifyChanging();
                    _orUSkint = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public ulong OrUShort
        {
            get => _orUShort;
            set
            {
                if (_orUShort != value)
                {
                    NotifyChanging();
                    _orUShort = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public byte[] AndChew
        {
            get => _andChew;
            set
            {
                if (_andChew != value) // Not a great way to compare byte arrays
                {
                    NotifyChanging();
                    _andChew = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public event PropertyChangingEventHandler PropertyChanging;
        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

        private void NotifyChanged([CallerMemberName] string propertyName = "")
            => PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));

        private void NotifyChanging([CallerMemberName] string propertyName = "")
            => PropertyChanging?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangingEventArgs(propertyName));
    }

    private class ChangedOnlyBlog : INotifyPropertyChanged, IBlog
    {
        private int _id;
        private string _name;
        private bool _george;
        private Guid _theGu;
        private DateTime _notFigTime;

        private byte _toEat;

        private char _cupOfChar;
        private double _orNothing;

        private short _fuse;

        private long _wayRound;

        private sbyte _notToEat;
        private float _away;

        private ushort _orULong;
        private uint _orUSkint;
        private ulong _orUShort;
        private byte[] _andChew;

        public int Id
        {
            get => _id;
            set
            {
                if (_id != value)
                {
                    _id = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public string Name
        {
            get => _name;
            set
            {
                if (_name != value)
                {
                    _name = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public bool George
        {
            get => _george;
            set
            {
                if (_george != value)
                {
                    _george = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public Guid TheGu
        {
            get => _theGu;
            set
            {
                if (_theGu != value)
                {
                    _theGu = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public DateTime NotFigTime
        {
            get => _notFigTime;
            set
            {
                if (_notFigTime != value)
                {
                    _notFigTime = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public byte ToEat
        {
            get => _toEat;
            set
            {
                if (_toEat != value)
                {
                    _toEat = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public char CupOfChar
        {
            get => _cupOfChar;
            set
            {
                if (_cupOfChar != value)
                {
                    _cupOfChar = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public double OrNothing
        {
            get => _orNothing;
            set
            {
                if (_orNothing != value)
                {
                    _orNothing = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public short Fuse
        {
            get => _fuse;
            set
            {
                if (_fuse != value)
                {
                    _fuse = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public long WayRound
        {
            get => _wayRound;
            set
            {
                if (_wayRound != value)
                {
                    _wayRound = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public sbyte NotToEat
        {
            get => _notToEat;
            set
            {
                if (_notToEat != value)
                {
                    _notToEat = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public float Away
        {
            get => _away;
            set
            {
                if (_away != value)
                {
                    _away = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public ushort OrULong
        {
            get => _orULong;
            set
            {
                if (_orULong != value)
                {
                    _orULong = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public uint OrUSkint
        {
            get => _orUSkint;
            set
            {
                if (_orUSkint != value)
                {
                    _orUSkint = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public ulong OrUShort
        {
            get => _orUShort;
            set
            {
                if (_orUShort != value)
                {
                    _orUShort = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public byte[] AndChew
        {
            get => _andChew;
            set
            {
                if (_andChew != value) // Not a great way to compare byte arrays
                {
                    _andChew = value;
                    NotifyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

        private void NotifyChanged([CallerMemberName] string propertyName = "")
            => PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
    }
}