bench_isolation_forest.py

"""
==========================================
IsolationForest benchmark
==========================================
A test of IsolationForest on classical anomaly detection datasets.

The benchmark is run as follows:
1. The dataset is randomly split into a training set and a test set, both
assumed to contain outliers.
2. Isolation Forest is trained on the training set.
3. The ROC curve is computed on the test set using the knowledge of the labels.

Note that the smtp dataset contains a very small proportion of outliers.
Therefore, depending on the seed of the random number generator, randomly
splitting the data set might lead to a test set containing no outliers. In this
case a warning is raised when computing the ROC curve.
"""

from time import time
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from sklearn.ensemble import IsolationForest
from sklearn.metrics import roc_curve, auc
from sklearn.datasets import fetch_kddcup99, fetch_covtype, fetch_openml
from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelBinarizer
from sklearn.utils import shuffle as sh

print(__doc__)


def print_outlier_ratio(y):
    """
    Helper function to show the distinct value count of element in the target.
    Useful indicator for the datasets used in bench_isolation_forest.py.
    """
    uniq, cnt = np.unique(y, return_counts=True)
    print("----- Target count values: ")
    for u, c in zip(uniq, cnt):
        print("------ %s -> %d occurrences" % (str(u), c))
    print("----- Outlier ratio: %.5f" % (np.min(cnt) / len(y)))


random_state = 1
fig_roc, ax_roc = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(8, 5))

# Set this to true for plotting score histograms for each dataset:
with_decision_function_histograms = False

# datasets available = ['http', 'smtp', 'SA', 'SF', 'shuttle', 'forestcover']
datasets = ["http", "smtp", "SA", "SF", "shuttle", "forestcover"]

# Loop over all datasets for fitting and scoring the estimator:
for dat in datasets:

    # Loading and vectorizing the data:
    print("====== %s ======" % dat)
    print("--- Fetching data...")
    if dat in ["http", "smtp", "SF", "SA"]:
        dataset = fetch_kddcup99(
            subset=dat, shuffle=True, percent10=True, random_state=random_state
        )
        X = dataset.data
        y = dataset.target

    if dat == "shuttle":
        dataset = fetch_openml("shuttle", as_frame=False, parser="pandas")
        X = dataset.data
        y = dataset.target.astype(np.int64)
        X, y = sh(X, y, random_state=random_state)
        # we remove data with label 4
        # normal data are then those of class 1
        s = y != 4
        X = X[s, :]
        y = y[s]
        y = (y != 1).astype(int)
        print("----- ")

    if dat == "forestcover":
        dataset = fetch_covtype(shuffle=True, random_state=random_state)
        X = dataset.data
        y = dataset.target
        # normal data are those with attribute 2
        # abnormal those with attribute 4
        s = (y == 2) + (y == 4)
        X = X[s, :]
        y = y[s]
        y = (y != 2).astype(int)
        print_outlier_ratio(y)

    print("--- Vectorizing data...")

    if dat == "SF":
        lb = LabelBinarizer()
        x1 = lb.fit_transform(X[:, 1].astype(str))
        X = np.c_[X[:, :1], x1, X[:, 2:]]
        y = (y != b"normal.").astype(int)
        print_outlier_ratio(y)

    if dat == "SA":
        lb = LabelBinarizer()
        x1 = lb.fit_transform(X[:, 1].astype(str))
        x2 = lb.fit_transform(X[:, 2].astype(str))
        x3 = lb.fit_transform(X[:, 3].astype(str))
        X = np.c_[X[:, :1], x1, x2, x3, X[:, 4:]]
        y = (y != b"normal.").astype(int)
        print_outlier_ratio(y)

    if dat in ("http", "smtp"):
        y = (y != b"normal.").astype(int)
        print_outlier_ratio(y)

    n_samples, n_features = X.shape
    n_samples_train = n_samples // 2

    X = X.astype(float)
    X_train = X[:n_samples_train, :]
    X_test = X[n_samples_train:, :]
    y_train = y[:n_samples_train]
    y_test = y[n_samples_train:]

    print("--- Fitting the IsolationForest estimator...")
    model = IsolationForest(n_jobs=-1, random_state=random_state)
    tstart = time()
    model.fit(X_train)
    fit_time = time() - tstart
    tstart = time()

    scoring = -model.decision_function(X_test)  # the lower, the more abnormal

    print("--- Preparing the plot elements...")
    if with_decision_function_histograms:
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(3, sharex=True, sharey=True)
        bins = np.linspace(-0.5, 0.5, 200)
        ax[0].hist(scoring, bins, color="black")
        ax[0].set_title("Decision function for %s dataset" % dat)
        ax[1].hist(scoring[y_test == 0], bins, color="b", label="normal data")
        ax[1].legend(loc="lower right")
        ax[2].hist(scoring[y_test == 1], bins, color="r", label="outliers")
        ax[2].legend(loc="lower right")

    # Show ROC Curves
    predict_time = time() - tstart
    fpr, tpr, thresholds = roc_curve(y_test, scoring)
    auc_score = auc(fpr, tpr)
    label = "%s (AUC: %0.3f, train_time= %0.2fs, test_time= %0.2fs)" % (
        dat,
        auc_score,
        fit_time,
        predict_time,
    )
    # Print AUC score and train/test time:
    print(label)
    ax_roc.plot(fpr, tpr, lw=1, label=label)


ax_roc.set_xlim([-0.05, 1.05])
ax_roc.set_ylim([-0.05, 1.05])
ax_roc.set_xlabel("False Positive Rate")
ax_roc.set_ylabel("True Positive Rate")
ax_roc.set_title("Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves")
ax_roc.legend(loc="lower right")
fig_roc.tight_layout()
plt.show()