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references.bib
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references.bib
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@ARTICLE{824819,
author={Jain, A.K. and Duin, R.P.W. and Jianchang Mao},
journal={Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on}, title={Statistical pattern recognition: a review},
year={2000},
month={jan},
volume={22},
number={1},
pages={4 -37},
keywords={classifier design;cluster analysis;complex patterns;cursive handwriting recognition;data mining;multimedia data retrieval;neural network techniques;pattern classes;pattern representation;performance evaluation;sensing environment;statistical learning theory;statistical pattern recognition;supervised classification;unsupervised classification;web searching;Bayes methods;decision theory;learning (artificial intelligence);neural nets;parameter estimation;pattern recognition;},
doi={10.1109/34.824819},
ISSN={0162-8828},}
@Article{16053531,
AUTHOR = {Frenkel-Toledo, Silvi and Giladi, Nir and Peretz, Chava and Herman, Talia and Gruendlinger, Leor and Hausdorff, Jeffrey},
TITLE = {Effect of gait speed on gait rhythmicity in Parkinson's disease: variability of stride time and swing time respond differently},
JOURNAL = {Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation},
VOLUME = {2},
YEAR = {2005},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {23},
URL = {http://www.jneuroengrehab.com/content/2/1/23},
DOI = {10.1186/1743-0003-2-23},
PubMedID = {16053531},
ISSN = {1743-0003},
ABSTRACT = {BACKGROUND:The ability to maintain a steady gait rhythm is impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This aspect of locomotor dyscontrol, which likely reflects impaired automaticity in PD, can be quantified by measuring the stride-to-stride variability of gait timing. Previous work has shown an increase in both the variability of the stride time and swing time in PD, but the origins of these changes are not fully understood. Patients with PD also generally walk with a reduced gait speed, a potential confounder of the observed changes in variability. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between walking speed and gait variability.METHODS:Stride time variability and swing time variability were measured in 36 patients with PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage 2-2.5) and 30 healthy controls who walked on a treadmill at four different speeds: 1) Comfortable walking speed (CWS), 2) 80% of CWS 3) 90% of CWS, and 4) 110% of CWS. In addition, we studied the effects of walking slowly on level ground, both with and without a walker.RESULTS:Consistent with previous findings, increased variability of stride time and swing time was observed in the patients with PD in CWS, compared to controls. In both groups, there was a small but significant association between treadmill gait speed and stride time variability such that higher speeds were associated with lower (better) values of stride time variability (p = 0.0002). In contrast, swing time variability did not change in response to changes in gait speed. Similar results were observed with walking on level ground.CONCLUSION:The present results demonstrate that swing time variability is independent of gait speed, at least over the range studied, and therefore, that it may be used as a speed-independent marker of rhythmicity and gait steadiness. Since walking speed did not affect stride time variability and swing time variability in the same way, it appears that these two aspects of gait rhythmicity are not entirely controlled by the same mechanisms. The present findings also suggest that the increased gait variability in PD is disease-related, and not simply a consequence of bradykinesia.},
}
@ARTICLE{2007math......1907H,
author = {{Hofmann}, T. and {Sch{\"o}lkopf}, B. and {Smola}, A.~J.},
title = "{Kernel methods in machine learning}",
journal = {ArXiv Mathematics e-prints},
eprint = {arXiv:math/0701907},
keywords = {Mathematics - Statistics, Mathematics - Probability, 30C40 (Primary) 68T05 (Secondary)},
year = 2007,
month = jan,
adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007math......1907H},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@misc{mano_darbas,
author = {Maksim Norkin},
title = "{Human activity recognition using Hidden Markov Models}",
keywords = {Hidden Markov Model, Human activity recognition},
year = 2011,
month = Sep,
}
@misc{stprtool,
author = {Michal. I. Schlesinger, Vaclav Hlavac, Vojtech Franc},
title = {Statistical Pattern Recognition Toolbox},
keywords = {Linear discriminant function, Feature extraction, Density estimation and clustering},
year = {2000},
month = Sep
}
@ARTICLE{5280353,
author={Yunfeng Wu and Krishnan, S.},
journal={Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, IEEE Transactions on}, title={Statistical Analysis of Gait Rhythm in Patients With Parkinson's Disease},
year={2010},
month={april },
volume={18},
number={2},
pages={150 -158},
keywords={Parkinson disease;feature vector;gait rhythm;gait variability;least squares support vector machine;leave-one-out cross-validation method;linear discriminant analysis;nonparametric Parzen-window method;pattern classification;polynomial kernels;probability density functions;receiver operating characteristic curve;statistical analysis;stride interval parameters;diseases;gait analysis;least squares approximations;medical image processing;pattern classification;probability;statistical analysis;support vector machines;Adult;Aged;Aged, 80 and over;Algorithms;Biomechanics;Data Interpretation, Statistical;Discriminant Analysis;Female;Gait;Humans;Least-Squares Analysis;Linear Models;Male;Middle Aged;Models, Statistical;Parkinson Disease;Young Adult;},
doi={10.1109/TNSRE.2009.2033062},
ISSN={1534-4320},}
@ARTICLE{MDS:MDS870130310,
author = {Hausdorff, Jeffrey M. and Cudkowicz, Merit E. and Firtion, Renée and Wei, Jeanne Y. and Goldberger, Ary L.},
title = {Gait variability and basal ganglia disorders: Stride-to-stride variations of gait cycle timing in parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease},
journal = {Movement Disorders},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
publisher = {Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company},
issn = {1531-8257},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.870130310},
doi = {10.1002/mds.870130310},
pages = {428--437},
keywords = {Gait analysis, Time series analysis, Motor control},
year = {1998},
}
@ARTICLE{932728,
author={Moody, G.B. and Mark, R.G. and Goldberger, A.L.},
journal={Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, IEEE}, title={PhysioNet: a Web-based resource for the study of physiologic signals},
year={2001},
month={may-june },
volume={20},
number={3},
pages={70 -75},
keywords={MIMIC database;PhysioNet;Web-based resource;apnoea database;online collaboration;physiologic signals;polysomnographic database;signal processing/analysis software library;signals archive library;database management systems;information resources;medical information systems;neurophysiology;sleep;Databases, Factual;Humans;Internet;Monitoring, Physiologic;Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted;},
doi={10.1109/51.932728},
ISSN={0739-5175},}
@INPROCEEDINGS{6091948,
author={Stamatakis, J. and Cremers, J. and Maquet, D. and Macq, B. and Garraux, G.},
booktitle={Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society,EMBC, 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE},
title={Gait feature extraction in Parkinson's disease using low-cost accelerometers},
year={2011},
month={30 2011-sept. 3},
volume={},
number={},
pages={7900 -7903},
keywords={FoG;Parkinson disease;accelerometers;freezing of gait;gait feature extraction;limb tremor;movement poverty;muscle rigidity;parkinsonian gait disturbances;shuffling;slowness;state-of-the-art 3D movement analysis;time-frequency analysis;accelerometers;diseases;feature extraction;gait analysis;medical disorders;medical signal detection;medical signal processing;neurophysiology;},
doi={10.1109/IEMBS.2011.6091948},
ISSN={1557-170X},}
@INPROCEEDINGS{5627904,
author={Tien, I. and Glaser, S.D. and Aminoff, M.J.},
booktitle={Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE}, title={Characterization of gait abnormalities in Parkinson's disease using a wireless inertial sensor system},
year={2010},
month={31 2010-sept. 4},
volume={},
number={},
pages={3353 -3356},
keywords={Parkinson disease;binary classification task;cost-sensitive learner;feature extraction;gait abnormalities;gait analysis;gait disturbance;neurological diseases;principal component analysis;support vector machine;walking;wireless inertial sensor system;biomedical telemetry;diseases;feature extraction;gait analysis;medical signal processing;neurophysiology;principal component analysis;signal classification;support vector machines;wireless sensor networks;Acceleration;Actigraphy;Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted;Equipment Design;Equipment Failure Analysis;Gait Disorders, Neurologic;Humans;Parkinson Disease;Telemetry;Transducers;},
doi={10.1109/IEMBS.2010.5627904},
ISSN={1557-170X},}
@ARTICLE{vgtu,
author={Aubin, Patric M.; Serackis, Artūras; Griškevičius, Julius [Griskevicius, Julius,].},
title={A ground reaction force artificial neural network classifier for the diagnosis of parkinson’s disease },
journal = {Proceedings of XXIIIrd ISB2011 Congress},
pages = {428--437},
keywords = {Gait analysis, Time series analysis, Motor control},
year = {2011},
month={July},
pages={1-2},
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{R22230,
author={Irina Rish},
title={An empyrical study if the naive Bayes classifier},
booktitle={In proceeding of IJCAI-01 workshop on Empirical Methods in AI},
pages={41-46},
year={2001},
month={November},
day={2},
}
@article{Hausdorff01011997,
author = {Hausdorff, Jeffrey M. and Mitchell, Susan L. and Firtion, Renée and Peng, C. K. and Cudkowicz, Merit E. and Wei, Jeanne Y. and Goldberger, Ary L.},
title = {Altered fractal dynamics of gait: reduced stride-interval correlations with aging and Huntington’s disease},
volume = {82},
number = {1},
pages = {262-269},
year = {1997},
abstract ={
Hausdorff, Jeffrey M., Susan L. Mitchell, Renée Firtion, C. K. Peng, Merit E. Cudkowicz, Jeanne Y. Wei, and Ary L. Goldberger. Altered fractal dynamics of gait: reduced stride-interval correlations with aging and Huntington’s disease.J. Appl. Physiol. 82(1): 262–269, 1997.—Fluctuations in the duration of the gait cycle (the stride interval) display fractal dynamics and long-range correlations in healthy young adults. We hypothesized that these stride-interval correlations would be altered by changes in neurological function associated with aging and certain disease states. To test this hypothesis, we compared the stride-interval time series of 1) healthy elderly subjects and young controls and of 2) subjects with Huntington’s disease and healthy controls. Using detrended fluctuation analysis, we computed α, a measure of the degree to which one stride interval is correlated with previous and subsequent intervals over different time scales. The scaling exponent α was significantly lower in elderly subjects compared with young subjects (elderly: 0.68 ± 0.14; young: 0.87 ± 0.15; P < 0.003). The scaling exponent α was also smaller in the subjects with Huntington’s disease compared with disease-free controls (Huntington’s disease: 0.60 ± 0.24; controls: 0.88 ± 0.17; P < 0.005). Moreover, α was linearly related to degree of functional impairment in subjects with Huntington’s disease (r = 0.78, P < 0.0005). These findings demonstrate that stride-interval fluctuations are more random (i.e., less correlated) in elderly subjects and in subjects with Huntington’s disease. Abnormal alterations in the fractal properties of gait dynamics are apparently associated with changes in central nervous system control.},
URL = {http://jap.physiology.org/content/82/1/262.abstract},
eprint = {http://jap.physiology.org/content/82/1/262.full.pdf+html},
journal = {Journal of Applied Physiology}
}
@article{KNUTSSON01011972,
author = {KNUTSSON, E.},
title = {AN ANALYSIS OF PARKINSONIAN GAIT},
volume = {95},
number = {3},
pages = {475-486},
year = {1972},
doi = {10.1093/brain/95.3.475},
URL = {http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/95/3/475.short},
eprint = {http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/95/3/475.full.pdf+html},
journal = {Brain}
}
@article{Delval_Salleron_Bourriez_Bleuse_Moreau_Krystkowiak_Defebvre_Devos_Duhamel_2008,
title={Kinematic angular parameters in PD: reliability of joint angle curves and comparison with healthy subjects.},
volume={28},
url={http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18434159},
number={3},
journal={Gait \& Posture},
author={Delval, Arnaud and Salleron, Julia and Bourriez, Jean-Louis and Bleuse, Séverine and Moreau, Caroline and Krystkowiak, Pierre and Defebvre, Luc and Devos, Patrick and Duhamel, Alain},
year={2008},
pages={495--501}
}
@INBOOK{S0966-6362(05)00058-5,
author="Stansfield, B. W.
and Hillman, S. J.
and Hazlewood, M. E.
and Robb, J. E.",
chapter="Regression analysis of gait parameters with speed in normal children walking at self-selected speeds",
title="Gait \& posture",
year="2006",
month="Apr",
day="01",
publisher="Elsevier Sciencem",
volume="23",
number="3",
pages="288--294",
keywords="Walking",
keywords="Children",
keywords="Regression",
keywords="Kinematics",
keywords="Kinetics",
issn="0966-6362",
url="http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0966636205000585?showall=true"
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{6151536,
author={Manap, H.H. and Tahir, N.M. and Yassin, A.I.M.},
booktitle={Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT), 2011 IEEE International Symposium on},
title={Statistical analysis of parkinson disease gait classification using Artificial Neural Network},
year={2011},
month={dec.},
volume={},
number={},
pages={060 -065},
keywords={Parkinson disease gait classification;abnormal gait pattern;ankle;artificial neural network;basic gait parameters;cadence;ground reaction force parameters;hip;joint angle;kinematic gait parameters;kinetic gait parameters;knee;normal walking;statistical analysis;step length;vertical parameter;walking speed;diseases;gait analysis;medical computing;neural nets;statistical analysis;},
doi={10.1109/ISSPIT.2011.6151536},
ISSN={},}
@misc{website:hmm_implementation,
author={Kevin Murphy, 1998},
title={Hidden Markov Model (HMM) Toolbox for Matlab},
url={http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~murphyk/Software/HMM/hmm.html},
}
@misc{website:svm_implementation,
author={Chih-Chung Chang and Chih-Jen Lin},
title={LIBSVM -- A Library for Support Vector Machines},
url={http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~cjlin/libsvm/},
}
@misc{citeulike:2695782,
added-at = {2008-06-17T16:01:02.000+0200},
author = {Shlens, Jonathon},
biburl = {http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/29e59bfc95e50ce0719e21d475734a368/pprett},
citeulike-article-id = {2695782},
howpublished = {http://www.snl.salk.edu/~shlens/pub/notes/pca.pdf},
institution = {Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Insitute for Biological Studies
La Jolla, CA 92037 and
Institute for Nonlinear Science, University of California, San Diego
La Jolla, CA 92093-0402},
interhash = {f902cafbbafa78bf28747a78324a09e2},
intrahash = {9e59bfc95e50ce0719e21d475734a368},
keywords = {pca, tutorial},
month = {December},
posted-at = {2008-04-21 13:01:03},
priority = {0},
timestamp = {2008-06-17T16:01:02.000+0200},
title = {A Tutorial on Principal Component Analysis},
url = {http://www.snl.salk.edu/~shlens/pub/notes/pca.pdf},
year = 2005
}
@ARTICLE{18626,
author={Rabiner, L.R.},
journal={Proceedings of the IEEE},
title={A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition},
year={1989},
month={feb},
volume={77},
number={2},
pages={257 -286},
keywords={balls-in-urns system;coin-tossing;discrete Markov chains;ergodic models;hidden Markov models;hidden states;left-right models;probabilistic function;speech recognition;Markov processes;speech recognition;},
doi={10.1109/5.18626},
ISSN={0018-9219},}
@ARTICLE{Burges98atutorial,
author = {Christopher J.C. Burges},
title = {A Tutorial on Support Vector Machines for Pattern Recognition},
journal = {Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery},
year = {1998},
volume = {2},
pages = {121--167}
}
@article{welling2005fisher,
title={Fisher linear discriminant analysis},
author={Welling, M.},
journal={Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto},
year={2005}
}
@misc{wiki_filters,
organisation = {Wikipedia},
author = {Wikipedia},
title = {Filter (signal processing)},
url = {http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filter_(signal_processing)},
note = {\url{http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filter_(signal_processing)}},
year = {2012},
month = {05},
day = {14},
}
@misc{wiki_parkinsons,
organisation = {Wikipedia},
author = {Wikipedia},
title = {Parkinson's disease},
url = {http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinsons},
note = {\url{http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinsons}},
year = {2012},
month = {04},
day = {07},
}