/
client.py
599 lines (525 loc) · 20.4 KB
/
client.py
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"""
Low level functions for generating Duo Web API calls and parsing results.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import print_function
import six
__version__ = '4.5.0'
import base64
import collections
import datetime
import email.utils
import hashlib
import hmac
import json
import os
import random
from time import sleep
import socket
import ssl
import sys
try:
# For the optional demonstration CLI program.
import argparse
except ImportError as e:
argparse_error = e
argparse = None
try:
# Only needed if signing requests with timezones other than UTC.
import pytz
except ImportError as e:
pytz = None
pytz_error = e
from .https_wrapper import CertValidatingHTTPSConnection
DEFAULT_CA_CERTS = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'ca_certs.pem')
def canon_params(params):
"""
Return a canonical string version of the given request parameters.
"""
# this is normalized the same as for OAuth 1.0,
# http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5849#section-3.4.1.3.2
args = []
for (key, vals) in sorted(
(six.moves.urllib.parse.quote(key, '~'), vals) for (key, vals) in list(params.items())):
for val in sorted(six.moves.urllib.parse.quote(val, '~') for val in vals):
args.append('%s=%s' % (key, val))
return '&'.join(args)
def canonicalize(method, host, uri, params, date, sig_version, body=None):
"""
Return a canonical string version of the given request attributes.
* method: string HTTP method
* host: string hostname
* uri: string uri path
* params: string containing request params
* date: date string for request
* sig_version: signature version integer
* body: request body, must be string for sig_version 4
"""
if sig_version == 1:
canon = [
method.upper(),
host.lower(),
uri,
canon_params(params),
]
elif sig_version == 2:
canon = [
date,
method.upper(),
host.lower(),
uri,
canon_params(params),
]
elif sig_version == 4:
# sig_version 4 is json only
canon = [
date,
method.upper(),
host.lower(),
uri,
canon_params(params),
hashlib.sha512(body.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest(),
]
else:
raise ValueError("Unknown signature version: {}".format(sig_version))
return '\n'.join(canon)
def sign(ikey, skey, method, host, uri, date, sig_version, params, body=None,
digestmod=hashlib.sha512):
"""
Return basic authorization header line with a Duo Web API signature.
"""
canonical = canonicalize(method, host, uri, params, date, sig_version, body=body)
if isinstance(skey, six.text_type):
skey = skey.encode('utf-8')
if isinstance(canonical, six.text_type):
canonical = canonical.encode('utf-8')
sig = hmac.new(skey, canonical, digestmod)
auth = '%s:%s' % (ikey, sig.hexdigest())
if isinstance(auth, six.text_type):
auth = auth.encode('utf-8')
b64 = base64.b64encode(auth)
if not isinstance(b64, six.text_type):
b64 = b64.decode('utf-8')
return 'Basic %s' % b64
def normalize_params(params):
"""
Return copy of params with strings listified
and unicode strings utf-8 encoded.
"""
# urllib cannot handle unicode strings properly. quote() excepts,
# and urlencode() replaces them with '?'.
def encode(value):
if isinstance(value, bool):
if value:
value = 'true'
else:
value = 'false'
elif isinstance(value, int):
value = str(value)
if isinstance(value, six.text_type):
return value.encode("utf-8")
return value
def to_list(value):
if value is None or isinstance(value, six.string_types):
return [value]
return value
return dict(
(encode(key), [encode(v) for v in to_list(value)])
for (key, value) in list(params.items()))
class Client(object):
def __init__(self, ikey, skey, host,
ca_certs=DEFAULT_CA_CERTS,
sig_timezone='UTC',
user_agent=('Duo API Python/' + __version__),
timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
paging_limit=100,
digestmod=hashlib.sha1, # noqa: DUO130, HMAC-SHA1 still secure
sig_version=2,
port=None
):
"""
ca_certs - Path to CA pem file.
"""
self.ikey = ikey
self.skey = skey
self.host = host
self.port = port
self.sig_timezone = sig_timezone
if ca_certs is None:
ca_certs = DEFAULT_CA_CERTS
self.ca_certs = ca_certs
self.user_agent = user_agent
self.set_proxy(host=None, proxy_type=None)
self.paging_limit = paging_limit
self.digestmod = digestmod
self.sig_version = sig_version
# Constants for handling rate limit backoff and retries
self._MAX_BACKOFF_WAIT_SECS = 32
self._INITIAL_BACKOFF_WAIT_SECS = 1
self._BACKOFF_FACTOR = 2
self._RATE_LIMITED_RESP_CODE = 429
# Default timeout is a sentinel object
if timeout is socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
self.timeout = timeout
else:
self.timeout = float(timeout)
if sig_version == 3:
raise ValueError('sig_version 3 not supported')
if sig_version == 4 and digestmod != hashlib.sha512:
raise ValueError('sha512 required for sig_version 4')
def set_proxy(self, host, port=None, headers=None,
proxy_type='CONNECT'):
"""
Configure proxy for API calls. Supported proxy_type values:
'CONNECT' - HTTP proxy with CONNECT.
None - Disable proxy.
"""
if proxy_type not in ('CONNECT', None):
raise NotImplementedError('proxy_type=%s' % (proxy_type,))
self.proxy_headers = headers
self.proxy_host = host
self.proxy_port = port
self.proxy_type = proxy_type
def api_call(self, method, path, params):
"""
Call a Duo API method. Return a (response, data) tuple.
* method: HTTP request method. E.g. "GET", "POST", or "DELETE".
* path: Full path of the API endpoint. E.g. "/auth/v2/ping".
* params: dict mapping from parameter name to stringified value,
or a dict to be converted to json.
"""
params_go_in_body = method in ('POST', 'PUT', 'PATCH')
if self.sig_version in (1, 2):
params = normalize_params(params)
# v1 and v2 canonicalization don't distinguish between
# params and body. There's no separate body input.
body = None
elif self.sig_version == 4:
if params_go_in_body:
body = self.canon_json(params)
params = {}
else:
body = ''
params = normalize_params(params)
if self.sig_timezone == 'UTC':
now = email.utils.formatdate()
elif pytz is None:
raise pytz_error
else:
d = datetime.datetime.now(pytz.timezone(self.sig_timezone))
now = d.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z")
auth = sign(self.ikey,
self.skey,
method,
self.host,
path,
now,
self.sig_version,
params,
body=body,
digestmod=self.digestmod)
headers = {
'Authorization': auth,
'Date': now,
}
if self.user_agent:
headers['User-Agent'] = self.user_agent
if params_go_in_body:
if self.sig_version == 4:
headers['Content-type'] = 'application/json'
else:
headers['Content-type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
body = six.moves.urllib.parse.urlencode(params, doseq=True)
uri = path
else:
body = None
uri = path + '?' + six.moves.urllib.parse.urlencode(params, doseq=True)
encoded_headers = {}
for k, v in headers.items():
if isinstance(k, six.text_type):
k = k.encode('ascii')
if isinstance(v, six.text_type):
v = v.encode('ascii')
encoded_headers[k] = v
return self._make_request(method, uri, body, encoded_headers)
def _connect(self):
# Host and port for the HTTP(S) connection to the API server.
if self.ca_certs == 'HTTP':
api_port = 80
else:
api_port = 443
if self.port is not None:
api_port = self.port
# Host and port for outer HTTP(S) connection if proxied.
if self.proxy_type is None:
host = self.host
port = api_port
elif self.proxy_type == 'CONNECT':
host = self.proxy_host
port = self.proxy_port
else:
raise NotImplementedError('proxy_type=%s' % (self.proxy_type,))
# Create outer HTTP(S) connection.
if self.ca_certs == 'HTTP':
conn = six.moves.http_client.HTTPConnection(host, port)
elif self.ca_certs == 'DISABLE':
kwargs = {}
if hasattr(ssl, '_create_unverified_context'):
# httplib.HTTPSConnection validates certificates by
# default in Python 2.7.9+.
kwargs['context'] = ssl._create_unverified_context() # noqa: DUO122, explicitly disabled for testing scenarios
conn = six.moves.http_client.HTTPSConnection(host, port, **kwargs)
else:
conn = CertValidatingHTTPSConnection(host,
port,
ca_certs=self.ca_certs)
# Override default socket timeout if requested.
conn.timeout = self.timeout
# Configure CONNECT proxy tunnel, if any.
if self.proxy_type == 'CONNECT':
if hasattr(conn, 'set_tunnel'): # 2.7+
conn.set_tunnel(self.host,
api_port,
self.proxy_headers)
elif hasattr(conn, '_set_tunnel'): # 2.6.3+
# pylint: disable=E1103
conn._set_tunnel(self.host,
api_port,
self.proxy_headers)
# pylint: enable=E1103
return conn
def _make_request(self, method, uri, body, headers):
if self.proxy_type == 'CONNECT':
# Ensure the request uses the correct protocol and Host.
if self.ca_certs == 'HTTP':
api_proto = 'http'
else:
api_proto = 'https'
uri = ''.join((api_proto, '://', self.host, uri))
conn = self._connect()
# backoff on rate limited requests and retry. if a request is rate
# limited after MAX_BACKOFF_WAIT_SECS, return the rate limited response
wait_secs = self._INITIAL_BACKOFF_WAIT_SECS
while True:
response, data = self._attempt_single_request(
conn, method, uri, body, headers)
if (response.status != self._RATE_LIMITED_RESP_CODE or
wait_secs > self._MAX_BACKOFF_WAIT_SECS):
break
random_offset = random.uniform(0.0, 1.0) # noqa: DUO102, non-cryptographic random use
sleep(wait_secs + random_offset)
wait_secs = wait_secs * self._BACKOFF_FACTOR
self._disconnect(conn)
return (response, data)
def _attempt_single_request(self, conn, method, uri, body, headers):
conn.request(method, uri, body, headers)
response = conn.getresponse()
data = response.read()
return (response, data)
def _disconnect(self, conn):
conn.close()
def normalize_paging_args(self, limit=None, offset=0):
"""
Converts paging arguments to a format the rest of the client expects.
:param limit: The number of objects requested of a paginated api
endpoint. If it looks falsy, it is is not changed.
Default None
:param offset: The offset to start retrieval. Default 0
:return: tuple after the form of (limit, offset)
"""
if limit:
limit = '{}'.format(limit)
offset = '{}'.format(offset)
return (limit, offset)
def json_api_call(self, method, path, params):
"""
Call a Duo API method which is expected to return a JSON body
with a 200 status. Return the response data structure or raise
RuntimeError.
"""
(response, data) = self.api_call(method, path, params)
return self.parse_json_response(response, data)
def json_paging_api_call(self, method, path, params):
"""
Call a Duo API method which is expected to return a JSON body
with a 200 status. Return a generator that can be used to get
response data or raise a RuntimeError.
"""
objects = []
next_offset = 0
if 'limit' not in params and self.paging_limit:
params['limit'] = str(self.paging_limit)
while next_offset is not None:
params['offset'] = str(next_offset)
(response, data) = self.api_call(method, path, params)
(objects, metadata) = self.parse_json_response_and_metadata(response, data)
next_offset = metadata.get('next_offset', None)
for obj in objects:
yield obj
def json_cursor_api_call(self, method, path, params, get_records_func):
"""
Call a Duo API endpoint which utilizes a cursor in some responses to
page through a set of data. This cursor is supplied through the optional
"offset" parameter. The cursor for the next set of data is in the
response metadata as "next_offset". Callers must also include a
function parameter to extract the iterable of records to yield. This is
slightly different than json_paging_api_call because the first request
does not contain the offset parameter.
:param method: The method to make the request w/ as a string. Ex:
"GET", "POST", "PUT" etc.
:param path: The path to make the request with as a string.
:param params: The dict of parameters to send in the request.
:param get_records_func: Function that can be called to extract an
iterable of records from the parsed response
json.
:returns: Generator which will yield records from the api response(s).
"""
next_offset = None
if 'limit' not in params and self.paging_limit:
params['limit'] = str(self.paging_limit)
while True:
if next_offset is not None:
params['offset'] = str(next_offset)
(http_resp, http_resp_data) = self.api_call(method, path, params)
(response, metadata) = self.parse_json_response_and_metadata(
http_resp,
http_resp_data,
)
for record in get_records_func(response):
yield record
next_offset = metadata.get('next_offset', None)
if next_offset is None:
break
def parse_json_response(self, response, data):
"""
Return the parsed data structure or raise RuntimeError.
"""
(response, metadata) = self.parse_json_response_and_metadata(response, data)
return response
def parse_json_response_and_metadata(self, response, data):
"""
Return the parsed data structure and metadata as a tuple or raise RuntimeError.
"""
def raise_error(msg):
error = RuntimeError(msg)
error.status = response.status
error.reason = response.reason
error.data = data
raise error
if not isinstance(data, six.text_type):
data = data.decode('utf-8')
if response.status != 200:
try:
data = json.loads(data)
if data['stat'] == 'FAIL':
if 'message_detail' in data:
raise_error('Received %s %s (%s)' % (
response.status,
data['message'],
data['message_detail'],
))
else:
raise_error('Received %s %s' % (
response.status,
data['message'],
))
except (ValueError, KeyError, TypeError):
pass
raise_error('Received %s %s' % (
response.status,
response.reason,
))
try:
data = json.loads(data)
if data['stat'] != 'OK':
raise_error('Received error response: %s' % data)
return (data['response'], data.get('metadata', {}))
except (ValueError, KeyError, TypeError):
raise_error('Received bad response: %s' % data)
@classmethod
def canon_json(cls, params):
if not isinstance(params, dict):
raise ValueError('JSON request must be an object.')
return json.dumps(params, sort_keys=True, separators=(',', ':'))
def output_response(response, data, headers=None):
"""
Print response, parsed, sorted, and pretty-printed if JSON
"""
if not headers:
headers = []
print(response.status, response.reason)
for header in headers:
val = response.getheader(header)
if val is not None:
print('%s: %s' % (header, val))
try:
if not isinstance(data, six.text_type):
data = data.decode('utf-8')
data = json.loads(data)
data = json.dumps(data, sort_keys=True, indent=4)
except ValueError:
pass
print(data)
def main():
if argparse is None:
raise argparse_error
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
# named arguments
parser.add_argument('--ikey', required=True,
help='Duo integration key')
parser.add_argument('--skey', required=True,
help='Duo integration secret key')
parser.add_argument('--host', required=True,
help='Duo API hostname')
parser.add_argument('--method', required=True,
help='HTTP request method')
parser.add_argument('--path', required=True,
help='API endpoint path')
parser.add_argument('--ca', default=DEFAULT_CA_CERTS)
parser.add_argument('--sig-version', type=int, default=2)
parser.add_argument('--sig-timezone', default='UTC')
parser.add_argument(
'--show-header',
action='append',
default=[],
metavar='Header-Name',
help='Show specified response header(s) (default: only output body).',
)
parser.add_argument('--file-args', default=[])
# optional positional arguments are used for GET/POST params, name=val
parser.add_argument('param', nargs='*')
args = parser.parse_args()
client = Client(
ikey=args.ikey,
skey=args.skey,
host=args.host,
ca_certs=args.ca,
sig_version=args.sig_version,
sig_timezone=args.sig_timezone,
)
params = collections.defaultdict(list)
for p in args.param:
try:
(k, v) = p.split('=', 1)
except ValueError:
sys.exit('Error: Positional argument %s is not '
'in key=value format.' % (p,))
params[k].append(v)
# parse which arguments are filenames
file_args = args.file_args
if args.file_args:
file_args = file_args.split(',')
for (k, v) in list(params.items()):
if k in file_args: # value is a filename, replace with contents
if len(v) != 1:
# file arguments cannot have multiple values
raise NotImplementedError
(v,) = v
with open(v, 'rb') as val:
params[k] = base64.b64encode(val.read())
else:
params[k] = v
(response, data) = client.api_call(args.method, args.path, params)
output_response(response, data, args.show_header)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()