docs/examples/filtering_grib_data.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Filtering GRIB data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import time\n",
    "import metview as mv"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## read() versus select()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Metview provides two ways to filter GRIB messages. Here is a quick comparison:\n",
    "\n",
    "* [**read()**](../api/functions/read.rst):\n",
    "  * works with GRIB data from ECMWF's archive, MARS\n",
    "  * uses the same keywords as retrieve()\n",
    "  * includes area cropping, spectral transforms and grid interpolation\n",
    "  * has an equivalent icon in the graphical user interface, \"GRIB Filter\"\n",
    "  * filtering may not be fully functional with non-MARS GRIB data\n",
    "\n",
    "* [**select()**](../api/functions/select.rst):\n",
    "  * works with any GRIB data that ecCodes understands\n",
    "  * uses ecCodes keys rather than MARS keywords\n",
    "  * much faster than read() when called multiple times on the same Fieldset\n",
    "  * no post-processing of data (use read() or regrid() separately for that)\n",
    "  * only available from Python"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "filename = \"data_fc.grib\"\n",
    "if mv.exist(filename):\n",
    "    fs = mv.read(filename)\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    fs = mv.gallery.load_dataset(filename)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Inspecting the data\n",
    "A separate notebook covers the details of inspecting GRIB data with Metview. Here we will use the methods to decide which fields to filter."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Fieldset (288 fields)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(fs)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "  \n",
       "                <table>\n",
       "                <tr><th>parameter</th><th>typeOfLevel</th><th>level</th><th>date</th><th>time</th><th>step</th><th>paramId</th><th>class</th><th>stream</th><th>type</th><th>experimentVersionNumber</th></tr>\n",
       "                <tr><th style='text-align: right;'>q</th><td style='text-align: left;'>isobaricInhPa</td><td style='text-align: left;'>100,250,...</td><td style='text-align: left;'>20111215</td><td style='text-align: left;'>0</td><td style='text-align: left;'>0,6,...</td><td style='text-align: left;'>133</td><td style='text-align: left;'>od</td><td style='text-align: left;'>oper</td><td style='text-align: left;'>fc</td><td style='text-align: left;'>0001</td></tr><tr><th style='text-align: right;'>t</th><td style='text-align: left;'>isobaricInhPa</td><td style='text-align: left;'>100,250,...</td><td style='text-align: left;'>20111215</td><td style='text-align: left;'>0</td><td style='text-align: left;'>0,6,...</td><td style='text-align: left;'>130</td><td style='text-align: left;'>od</td><td style='text-align: left;'>oper</td><td style='text-align: left;'>fc</td><td style='text-align: left;'>0001</td></tr><tr><th style='text-align: right;'>tp</th><td style='text-align: left;'>surface</td><td style='text-align: left;'>0</td><td style='text-align: left;'>20111215</td><td style='text-align: left;'>0</td><td style='text-align: left;'>0,6,...</td><td style='text-align: left;'>228</td><td style='text-align: left;'>od</td><td style='text-align: left;'>oper</td><td style='text-align: left;'>fc</td><td style='text-align: left;'>0001</td></tr><tr><th style='text-align: right;'>u</th><td style='text-align: left;'>isobaricInhPa</td><td style='text-align: left;'>100,250,...</td><td style='text-align: left;'>20111215</td><td style='text-align: left;'>0</td><td style='text-align: left;'>0,6,...</td><td style='text-align: left;'>131</td><td style='text-align: left;'>od</td><td style='text-align: left;'>oper</td><td style='text-align: left;'>fc</td><td style='text-align: left;'>0001</td></tr><tr><th style='text-align: right;'>v</th><td style='text-align: left;'>isobaricInhPa</td><td style='text-align: left;'>100,250,...</td><td style='text-align: left;'>20111215</td><td style='text-align: left;'>0</td><td style='text-align: left;'>0,6,...</td><td style='text-align: left;'>132</td><td style='text-align: left;'>od</td><td style='text-align: left;'>oper</td><td style='text-align: left;'>fc</td><td style='text-align: left;'>0001</td></tr><tr><th style='text-align: right;'>z</th><td style='text-align: left;'>isobaricInhPa</td><td style='text-align: left;'>100,250,...</td><td style='text-align: left;'>20111215</td><td style='text-align: left;'>0</td><td style='text-align: left;'>0,6,...</td><td style='text-align: left;'>129</td><td style='text-align: left;'>od</td><td style='text-align: left;'>oper</td><td style='text-align: left;'>fc</td><td style='text-align: left;'>0001</td></tr>\n",
       "                </table>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fs.describe()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "OK, let's select 't' and have a closer look at what it has."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "  \n",
       "                <table>\n",
       "                <tr></tr>\n",
       "                <tr><th style='text-align: right;'>shortName</th><td style='text-align: left;'>t</td></tr><tr><th style='text-align: right;'>name</th><td style='text-align: left;'>Temperature</td></tr><tr><th style='text-align: right;'>paramId</th><td style='text-align: left;'>130</td></tr><tr><th style='text-align: right;'>units</th><td style='text-align: left;'>K</td></tr><tr><th style='text-align: right;'>typeOfLevel</th><td style='text-align: left;'>isobaricInhPa</td></tr><tr><th style='text-align: right;'>level</th><td style='text-align: left;'>100,250,300,500,700,850,1000</td></tr><tr><th style='text-align: right;'>date</th><td style='text-align: left;'>20111215</td></tr><tr><th style='text-align: right;'>time</th><td style='text-align: left;'>0</td></tr><tr><th style='text-align: right;'>step</th><td style='text-align: left;'>0,6,12,18,24,30,36,42</td></tr><tr><th style='text-align: right;'>class</th><td style='text-align: left;'>od</td></tr><tr><th style='text-align: right;'>stream</th><td style='text-align: left;'>oper</td></tr><tr><th style='text-align: right;'>type</th><td style='text-align: left;'>fc</td></tr><tr><th style='text-align: right;'>experimentVersionNumber</th><td style='text-align: left;'>0001</td></tr>\n",
       "                </table>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fs.describe('t')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We have 8 forecast steps over 7 levels. We will make three selections:\n",
    "\n",
    "* temperature at all fc steps for one level\n",
    "* temperature at all fc steps for three levels\n",
    "* temperature at two fc steps and three levels for a specific date"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Filtering with read()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>centre</th>\n",
       "      <th>shortName</th>\n",
       "      <th>typeOfLevel</th>\n",
       "      <th>level</th>\n",
       "      <th>dataDate</th>\n",
       "      <th>dataTime</th>\n",
       "      <th>stepRange</th>\n",
       "      <th>dataType</th>\n",
       "      <th>gridType</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Message</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
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       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>36</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        centre shortName  typeOfLevel    level  dataDate  dataTime stepRange  \\\n",
       "Message                                                                        \n",
       "0        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0         0      \n",
       "1        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0         6      \n",
       "2        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        12      \n",
       "3        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        18      \n",
       "4        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        24      \n",
       "5        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        30      \n",
       "6        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        36      \n",
       "7        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        42      \n",
       "\n",
       "        dataType   gridType   \n",
       "Message                       \n",
       "0          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "1          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "2          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "3          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "4          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "5          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "6          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "7          fc     regular_ll  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# temperature at all fc steps for one level\n",
    "t_one = mv.read(data=fs, param='t', levelist=500)\n",
    "t_one.ls()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "      <th>Message</th>\n",
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       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
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       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>300</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>300</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>300</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>300</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>300</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>300</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>36</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>300</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>36</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>36</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>300</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        centre shortName  typeOfLevel    level  dataDate  dataTime stepRange  \\\n",
       "Message                                                                        \n",
       "0        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0         0      \n",
       "1        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   300   20111215      0         0      \n",
       "2        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   100   20111215      0         0      \n",
       "3        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0         6      \n",
       "4        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   300   20111215      0         6      \n",
       "5        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   100   20111215      0         6      \n",
       "6        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        12      \n",
       "7        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   300   20111215      0        12      \n",
       "8        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   100   20111215      0        12      \n",
       "9        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        18      \n",
       "10       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   300   20111215      0        18      \n",
       "11       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   100   20111215      0        18      \n",
       "12       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        24      \n",
       "13       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   300   20111215      0        24      \n",
       "14       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   100   20111215      0        24      \n",
       "15       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        30      \n",
       "16       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   300   20111215      0        30      \n",
       "17       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   100   20111215      0        30      \n",
       "18       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        36      \n",
       "19       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   300   20111215      0        36      \n",
       "20       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   100   20111215      0        36      \n",
       "21       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        42      \n",
       "22       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   300   20111215      0        42      \n",
       "23       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   100   20111215      0        42      \n",
       "\n",
       "        dataType   gridType   \n",
       "Message                       \n",
       "0          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "1          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "2          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "3          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "4          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "5          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "6          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "7          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "8          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "9          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "10         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "11         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "12         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "13         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "14         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "15         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "16         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "17         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "18         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "19         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "20         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "21         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "22         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "23         fc     regular_ll  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# temperature at all fc steps for three levels\n",
    "t_three = mv.read(data=fs, param='t', levelist=[100, 300, 500])\n",
    "t_three.ls()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
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       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>centre</th>\n",
       "      <th>shortName</th>\n",
       "      <th>typeOfLevel</th>\n",
       "      <th>level</th>\n",
       "      <th>dataDate</th>\n",
       "      <th>dataTime</th>\n",
       "      <th>stepRange</th>\n",
       "      <th>dataType</th>\n",
       "      <th>gridType</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Message</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>300</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>300</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        centre shortName  typeOfLevel    level  dataDate  dataTime stepRange  \\\n",
       "Message                                                                        \n",
       "0        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0         6      \n",
       "1        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   300   20111215      0         6      \n",
       "2        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   100   20111215      0         6      \n",
       "3        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        24      \n",
       "4        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   300   20111215      0        24      \n",
       "5        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   100   20111215      0        24      \n",
       "\n",
       "        dataType   gridType   \n",
       "Message                       \n",
       "0          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "1          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "2          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "3          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "4          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "5          fc     regular_ll  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# temperature at two fc steps and three levels for a specific date\n",
    "t_date = mv.read(data=fs, param='t', levelist=[100, 300, 500], step=[6, 24], date=20111215)\n",
    "t_date.ls()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Filtering with select()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
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       "\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>centre</th>\n",
       "      <th>shortName</th>\n",
       "      <th>typeOfLevel</th>\n",
       "      <th>level</th>\n",
       "      <th>dataDate</th>\n",
       "      <th>dataTime</th>\n",
       "      <th>stepRange</th>\n",
       "      <th>dataType</th>\n",
       "      <th>gridType</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Message</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>36</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        centre shortName  typeOfLevel    level  dataDate  dataTime stepRange  \\\n",
       "Message                                                                        \n",
       "0        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0         0      \n",
       "1        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0         6      \n",
       "2        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        12      \n",
       "3        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        18      \n",
       "4        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        24      \n",
       "5        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        30      \n",
       "6        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        36      \n",
       "7        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        42      \n",
       "\n",
       "        dataType   gridType   \n",
       "Message                       \n",
       "0          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "1          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "2          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "3          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "4          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "5          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "6          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "7          fc     regular_ll  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# temperature at all fc steps for one level\n",
    "t_one = fs.select(shortName='t', level=500)\n",
    "t_one.ls()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "\n",
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       "\n",
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       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>centre</th>\n",
       "      <th>shortName</th>\n",
       "      <th>typeOfLevel</th>\n",
       "      <th>level</th>\n",
       "      <th>dataDate</th>\n",
       "      <th>dataTime</th>\n",
       "      <th>stepRange</th>\n",
       "      <th>dataType</th>\n",
       "      <th>gridType</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Message</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>300</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>300</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>300</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>300</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>300</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>300</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>36</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>300</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>36</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>36</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>300</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        centre shortName  typeOfLevel    level  dataDate  dataTime stepRange  \\\n",
       "Message                                                                        \n",
       "0        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   100   20111215      0         0      \n",
       "1        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   300   20111215      0         0      \n",
       "2        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0         0      \n",
       "3        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   100   20111215      0         6      \n",
       "4        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   300   20111215      0         6      \n",
       "5        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0         6      \n",
       "6        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   100   20111215      0        12      \n",
       "7        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   300   20111215      0        12      \n",
       "8        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        12      \n",
       "9        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   100   20111215      0        18      \n",
       "10       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   300   20111215      0        18      \n",
       "11       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        18      \n",
       "12       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   100   20111215      0        24      \n",
       "13       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   300   20111215      0        24      \n",
       "14       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        24      \n",
       "15       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   100   20111215      0        30      \n",
       "16       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   300   20111215      0        30      \n",
       "17       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        30      \n",
       "18       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   100   20111215      0        36      \n",
       "19       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   300   20111215      0        36      \n",
       "20       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        36      \n",
       "21       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   100   20111215      0        42      \n",
       "22       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   300   20111215      0        42      \n",
       "23       ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        42      \n",
       "\n",
       "        dataType   gridType   \n",
       "Message                       \n",
       "0          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "1          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "2          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "3          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "4          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "5          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "6          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "7          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "8          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "9          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "10         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "11         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "12         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "13         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "14         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "15         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "16         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "17         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "18         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "19         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "20         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "21         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "22         fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "23         fc     regular_ll  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# temperature at all fc steps for three levels\n",
    "# note that this example shows that select() performs some re-ordering of\n",
    "# the fields for efficiency of filtering - compare with the equivalent read()\n",
    "# example in the above section\n",
    "t_three = fs.select(shortName='t', level=[100, 300, 500])\n",
    "t_three.ls()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>centre</th>\n",
       "      <th>shortName</th>\n",
       "      <th>typeOfLevel</th>\n",
       "      <th>level</th>\n",
       "      <th>dataDate</th>\n",
       "      <th>dataTime</th>\n",
       "      <th>stepRange</th>\n",
       "      <th>dataType</th>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
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       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>300</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>300</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        centre shortName  typeOfLevel    level  dataDate  dataTime stepRange  \\\n",
       "Message                                                                        \n",
       "0        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   100   20111215      0         6      \n",
       "1        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   300   20111215      0         6      \n",
       "2        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0         6      \n",
       "3        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   100   20111215      0        24      \n",
       "4        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   300   20111215      0        24      \n",
       "5        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        24      \n",
       "\n",
       "        dataType   gridType   \n",
       "Message                       \n",
       "0          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "1          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "2          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "3          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "4          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "5          fc     regular_ll  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# temperature at two fc steps and three levels for a specific date\n",
    "t_date = fs.select(shortName='t', level=[100, 300, 500], step=[6, 24], date=20111215)\n",
    "t_date.ls()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>centre</th>\n",
       "      <th>shortName</th>\n",
       "      <th>typeOfLevel</th>\n",
       "      <th>level</th>\n",
       "      <th>dataDate</th>\n",
       "      <th>dataTime</th>\n",
       "      <th>stepRange</th>\n",
       "      <th>dataType</th>\n",
       "      <th>gridType</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Message</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>300</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>300</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>ecmf</td>\n",
       "      <td>t</td>\n",
       "      <td>isobaricInhPa</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>20111215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>fc</td>\n",
       "      <td>regular_ll</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        centre shortName  typeOfLevel    level  dataDate  dataTime stepRange  \\\n",
       "Message                                                                        \n",
       "0        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   100   20111215      0         6      \n",
       "1        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   300   20111215      0         6      \n",
       "2        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0         6      \n",
       "3        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   100   20111215      0        24      \n",
       "4        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   300   20111215      0        24      \n",
       "5        ecmf       t     isobaricInhPa   500   20111215      0        24      \n",
       "\n",
       "        dataType   gridType   \n",
       "Message                       \n",
       "0          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "1          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "2          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "3          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "4          fc     regular_ll  \n",
       "5          fc     regular_ll  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# alternative: specify date using datetime\n",
    "import datetime\n",
    "t_date = fs.select(shortName='t', level=[100, 300, 500], step=[6, 24], date=datetime.datetime(2011, 12, 15, 0, 0))\n",
    "t_date.ls()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Performance\n",
    "Now we will compare the performance of these two methods and see how they differ when called multiple times on the same data. Imagine that we will want to compute a temporal mean for each level. To do that, we will loop over the levels and select all the forecast steps for each. We will enhance that code by adding timings, and by running the code multiple times, each time taking one more level into account."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "nbsphinx-thumbnail"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light"
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def filter_n_times(n, use_select):\n",
    "    levs = all_levels[0:n+1]\n",
    "    for lev in levs:\n",
    "        if use_select:\n",
    "            a = fs.select(shortName='t', level=lev).count()\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            a = mv.read(data=fs, param='t', levelist=lev).count()\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# find the list of all levels\n",
    "t_one_step = fs.select(shortName='t', step=0)\n",
    "all_levels = t_one_step.grib_get_double('level')\n",
    "num_levels = len(all_levels)\n",
    "\n",
    "nlevs = []\n",
    "times_read = []\n",
    "times_select = []\n",
    "\n",
    "for n in range(1, num_levels+1):\n",
    "    nlevs.append(n)\n",
    "    time1 = time.perf_counter()\n",
    "    filter_n_times(n, use_select=True)\n",
    "    timediff = time.perf_counter() - time1\n",
    "    times_select.append(timediff)\n",
    "\n",
    "    time1 = time.perf_counter()\n",
    "    filter_n_times(n, use_select=False)\n",
    "    timediff = time.perf_counter() - time1\n",
    "    times_read.append(timediff)\n",
    "\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "\n",
    "plt.plot(nlevs, times_select, label=\"select\")\n",
    "plt.plot(nlevs, times_read, label=\"read\")\n",
    "plt.xlabel(\"Number of filters\")\n",
    "plt.ylabel(\"time (s)\")\n",
    "plt.legend(loc='upper left')\n",
    "plt.title('select vs read - small values mean faster')\n",
    "\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The performance differences are due to the fact that [select()](../api/functions/select.rst) caches its Fieldset indexes so that further filtering on the same Fieldset should be faster."
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "interpreter": {
   "hash": "3da5b250392587fc58cb86f7f8b502f6103cd3910800c59a8f6017fc798fb606"
  },
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3.8.6 64-bit ('mpy38': venv)",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.8.6"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 4
}