build: Upgrade to go-1.21, Linter1.54.2 and Alpine 3.18

[lenny-goodell]

If your build fails due to your commit message not passing the build checks, please review the guidelines here: https://github.com/edgexfoundry/device-mqtt-go/blob/main/.github/Contributing.md

PR Checklist

Please check if your PR fulfills the following requirements:

• I am not introducing a breaking change (if you are, flag in conventional commit message with BREAKING CHANGE: describing the break)
• I am not introducing a new dependency (add notes below if you are)
• I have added unit tests for the new feature or bug fix (if not, why?) N/A
• I have fully tested (add details below) this the new feature or bug fix (if not, why?)
• I have opened a PR for the related docs change (if not, why?)

Testing Instructions

make test
make build
make docker
Verify all are successful

New Dependency Instructions (If applicable)